The ocean boasts untapped novel producers of antibiotic substances in the form of unicellular organisms. One of the newest bioproducers of pharmacologically-significant substances studied for its potential against clinically-significant pathogens is the genus Pseudoalteromonas, a gammaproteobacterial group. This study is a preliminary report detailing the isolation of a Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra species from Philippine marine waters. The isolate coded as PAM-003 was identified as 100 % similar to P. flavipulchra strain NCIMB2033 through 16s rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. PAM-003 was allowed to produce bioactives for 12 days. Afterwards, non-polar products were isolated from the base medium through membrane filtration, organic solvent extraction and rotary evaporation. The crude solution of bioactives injected in sterile discs was used for disc-diffusion assay against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Results indicate that PAM-003 demonstrated visually-appreciable zones of inhibition with a mean value of 8 mm. To further describe the antibacterial activity of the isolate, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bacterial extract was determined through broth microdilution technique. Results indicate that PAM-003 demonstrated a MIC of 1000 µg/mL against MRSA. Additional investigation on the bioactivity of Philippine isolates from the genus Pseudoalteromonas isolated from highly diverse regions of the country is a considerable initiative for increasing the pipeline of new molecular entities for drug discovery.
{"title":"Anti-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Activity of Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra Isolated from Marine Waters of Batangas, Philippines","authors":"Arizaldo Enriquez Castro, Cristina C. Salibay","doi":"10.48048/WJST.2020.4789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/WJST.2020.4789","url":null,"abstract":"The ocean boasts untapped novel producers of antibiotic substances in the form of unicellular organisms. One of the newest bioproducers of pharmacologically-significant substances studied for its potential against clinically-significant pathogens is the genus Pseudoalteromonas, a gammaproteobacterial group. This study is a preliminary report detailing the isolation of a Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra species from Philippine marine waters. The isolate coded as PAM-003 was identified as 100 % similar to P. flavipulchra strain NCIMB2033 through 16s rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. PAM-003 was allowed to produce bioactives for 12 days. Afterwards, non-polar products were isolated from the base medium through membrane filtration, organic solvent extraction and rotary evaporation. The crude solution of bioactives injected in sterile discs was used for disc-diffusion assay against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Results indicate that PAM-003 demonstrated visually-appreciable zones of inhibition with a mean value of 8 mm. To further describe the antibacterial activity of the isolate, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bacterial extract was determined through broth microdilution technique. Results indicate that PAM-003 demonstrated a MIC of 1000 µg/mL against MRSA. Additional investigation on the bioactivity of Philippine isolates from the genus Pseudoalteromonas isolated from highly diverse regions of the country is a considerable initiative for increasing the pipeline of new molecular entities for drug discovery.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126600615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A marine bacterial isolate, Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus CT3, was able to grow and produce biosurfactant on minimal salts media using glucose and NaNO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources. It was found that cellular growth and biosurfactant production in MSM were greatly affected by the medium components. After 54 h of cultivation, P. cerevisiiphilus CT3 was able to grow and produce surfactant, reducing the surface tension of the medium to 28.0 mN/m with a biosurfactant concentration of 3.05 g/l and a critical micelle concentration of 10 mg/l. Biosurfactant recovery by chloroform/methanol extraction showed pH and thermal stability with respect to surface tension reduction. It also showed emulsification activity and a high level of salt concentration. In addition, promising antimicrobial activity was revealed when tested against human pathogenic bacterial and fungal isolates. Based on these results, the isolated biosurfactant from the marine bacteria P. cerevisiiphilus CT3 revealed a broad physicochemical stability and has excellent antimicrobial properties, indicating the potential for possible use in various therapeutic and biomedical applications.
{"title":"Production and Properties of Biosurfactant from Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus CT3 Isolated from Marine Sediments","authors":"C. S. Chooklin, A. Saimmai","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2020.4229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.4229","url":null,"abstract":"A marine bacterial isolate, Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus CT3, was able to grow and produce biosurfactant on minimal salts media using glucose and NaNO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources. It was found that cellular growth and biosurfactant production in MSM were greatly affected by the medium components. After 54 h of cultivation, P. cerevisiiphilus CT3 was able to grow and produce surfactant, reducing the surface tension of the medium to 28.0 mN/m with a biosurfactant concentration of 3.05 g/l and a critical micelle concentration of 10 mg/l. Biosurfactant recovery by chloroform/methanol extraction showed pH and thermal stability with respect to surface tension reduction. It also showed emulsification activity and a high level of salt concentration. In addition, promising antimicrobial activity was revealed when tested against human pathogenic bacterial and fungal isolates. Based on these results, the isolated biosurfactant from the marine bacteria P. cerevisiiphilus CT3 revealed a broad physicochemical stability and has excellent antimicrobial properties, indicating the potential for possible use in various therapeutic and biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123732201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of ink from sea hare (Dolabella auricularia) of Pujada Bay, City of Mati, Davao Oriental. The proximate and mineral composition were determined by using the standard official methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The presence of secondary metabolites was investigated by using different qualitative tests, namely Froth test (saponins), Libermann-Buchard (sterols), Bate-Smith and Metacalf (flavonoids), Dragendorff and Maeyer (alkaloids), Keller-kiliani (glycoside), ferric chloride (tannins) and Bortnträger (anthraquinones). Its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by using agar well diffusion method. The results for proximate analyses showed that ink contained 90.4 % moisture, 2.044 % ash, 5.324 % crude fat and 0.75 % protein. The mineral analyses were 0.25 % phosphorous, 578 µg/g potassium, 0.662 % sodium, 310.8 µg/g calcium, 664 µg/g magnesium, 2.146 µg/g iron and 1.898 µg/g zinc. Secondary metabolites screening revealed that ink contained saponins, steroids and flavonoids. Further, the ink extract showed weak antibacterial factor. This is the first study conducted on the ink of sea hare in Davao region and its preliminary results showed that it is a good source of primary and secondary metabolites. These findings can be added to the potential medicinal value of sea hare and a basis for further chemical studies that will hopefully lead to the discovery of compounds with pharmacological importance.
{"title":"Investigation of Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Ink from Sea Hare Dolabella auricularia","authors":"J. Tayone","doi":"10.48048/WJST.2020.3075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/WJST.2020.3075","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of ink from sea hare (Dolabella auricularia) of Pujada Bay, City of Mati, Davao Oriental. The proximate and mineral composition were determined by using the standard official methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The presence of secondary metabolites was investigated by using different qualitative tests, namely Froth test (saponins), Libermann-Buchard (sterols), Bate-Smith and Metacalf (flavonoids), Dragendorff and Maeyer (alkaloids), Keller-kiliani (glycoside), ferric chloride (tannins) and Bortnträger (anthraquinones). Its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by using agar well diffusion method. The results for proximate analyses showed that ink contained 90.4 % moisture, 2.044 % ash, 5.324 % crude fat and 0.75 % protein. The mineral analyses were 0.25 % phosphorous, 578 µg/g potassium, 0.662 % sodium, 310.8 µg/g calcium, 664 µg/g magnesium, 2.146 µg/g iron and 1.898 µg/g zinc. Secondary metabolites screening revealed that ink contained saponins, steroids and flavonoids. Further, the ink extract showed weak antibacterial factor. This is the first study conducted on the ink of sea hare in Davao region and its preliminary results showed that it is a good source of primary and secondary metabolites. These findings can be added to the potential medicinal value of sea hare and a basis for further chemical studies that will hopefully lead to the discovery of compounds with pharmacological importance.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133688575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Udomsak Darumas, Supaporn Phasombun, R. Puttapreecha
Ko Losin, the southernmost offshore islet in the Gulf of Thailand is one of the most naturally, less anthropogenic disturbed coral reefs in Thailand and the home of the major sessile organisms: corals and sponges. This study aims to investigate the natural patterns of association (interactions) between marine sponges and the associated organisms. The types of interaction were classified into 4 categories: Gap, Overgrown, Tissue contact, and Overgrow. The investigation focused on four genera of sponges: Chondrilla, Hyrtios, Cinachyrella, and Xestospongia. Chondrillid sponge showed the high frequency of inhabiting associated organisms. Some hermatypic corals such as Montiporian corals and Porites corals were highly proportioned to the associated organisms. The gap and overgrown interactions were recorded in this study.
Ko Losin是泰国湾最南端的近海小岛，是泰国最自然、最不受人为干扰的珊瑚礁之一，也是主要的无根生物:珊瑚和海绵的家园。本研究旨在探讨海洋海绵与相关生物之间的自然联系模式。相互作用类型分为4类:间隙、过度生长、组织接触和过度生长。调查的重点是四属海绵:软骨海绵、水螅海绵、水螅海绵和粘海绵。球粒海绵中寄生伴生生物的频率较高。一些雌雄同体的珊瑚，如蒙提波里安珊瑚和波里特珊瑚，与伴生生物的比例很高。本研究记录了间隙和杂草的相互作用。
{"title":"Patterns of Association between Marine Sponges and the Associated Organisms: Case Study, Losin Island, Pattani, Thailand","authors":"Udomsak Darumas, Supaporn Phasombun, R. Puttapreecha","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2020.5151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.5151","url":null,"abstract":"Ko Losin, the southernmost offshore islet in the Gulf of Thailand is one of the most naturally, less anthropogenic disturbed coral reefs in Thailand and the home of the major sessile organisms: corals and sponges. This study aims to investigate the natural patterns of association (interactions) between marine sponges and the associated organisms. The types of interaction were classified into 4 categories: Gap, Overgrown, Tissue contact, and Overgrow. The investigation focused on four genera of sponges: Chondrilla, Hyrtios, Cinachyrella, and Xestospongia. Chondrillid sponge showed the high frequency of inhabiting associated organisms. Some hermatypic corals such as Montiporian corals and Porites corals were highly proportioned to the associated organisms. The gap and overgrown interactions were recorded in this study.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128003526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Khider, S. Omer, O. Elzaki, S. D. Mohieldin, S. K. Shomeina
This study aims to utilize the pruned branches of Citrus limon in pulping with alkaline pulping methods and to determine the suitability of guar gum to improve the strength properties of pulps and limitations of cutting trees for environmental issues and utilization of lemon branches as horticultural residues. These branches’ physical properties exhibited high medium density and very low percentages of bark to wood ratio. The whole chemical components of these raw materials indicated the suitability to a pulp with alkaline cooking methods. In addition, alkaline sulfite anthraquinone with methanol methods gave excellent screened yield (60.1 %), negligible rejects, bleachable Kappa number 19.5, and best strength properties, especially tensile and strengths. Alkaline sulfite with anthraquinone gave excellent screened yield with a small percentage of rejects and bleachable Kappa number. On the other hand, soda cooking produced pulps with acceptable yield (41.9 %), rejects (3 %), and suitable strengths. The soda anthraquinone pulping methods produced pulp with good yields (56 - 59.7 %). Obviously, anthraquinone’s effect in preserving carbohydrates, specifically hemicelluloses, increases the yields and strengths. Guar gum improved pulps’ physical properties when added during beating with (0.25 % on oven-dry Soda-AQ pulps). It clears Citrus limon branches’ suitability with an age of 2 years in cooking with all alkaline pulping methods applied.
{"title":"Application of Alkaline Pulping to Pruned Branches of Citrus limon from Sudan","authors":"T. Khider, S. Omer, O. Elzaki, S. D. Mohieldin, S. K. Shomeina","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.21218/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.21218/v1","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to utilize the pruned branches of Citrus limon in pulping with alkaline pulping methods and to determine the suitability of guar gum to improve the strength properties of pulps and limitations of cutting trees for environmental issues and utilization of lemon branches as horticultural residues. These branches’ physical properties exhibited high medium density and very low percentages of bark to wood ratio. The whole chemical components of these raw materials indicated the suitability to a pulp with alkaline cooking methods. In addition, alkaline sulfite anthraquinone with methanol methods gave excellent screened yield (60.1 %), negligible rejects, bleachable Kappa number 19.5, and best strength properties, especially tensile and strengths. Alkaline sulfite with anthraquinone gave excellent screened yield with a small percentage of rejects and bleachable Kappa number. On the other hand, soda cooking produced pulps with acceptable yield (41.9 %), rejects (3 %), and suitable strengths. The soda anthraquinone pulping methods produced pulp with good yields (56 - 59.7 %). Obviously, anthraquinone’s effect in preserving carbohydrates, specifically hemicelluloses, increases the yields and strengths. Guar gum improved pulps’ physical properties when added during beating with (0.25 % on oven-dry Soda-AQ pulps). It clears Citrus limon branches’ suitability with an age of 2 years in cooking with all alkaline pulping methods applied.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124440649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Neneng, R. Nugroho, Y. Komai, Naru Takayama, K. Kawamura
Urbanization has affected natural freshwater environments by contamination with sewage, toxic chemicals, and excess nutrients, which cause algal bloom, pollution, and ecosystem degradation. To ensure sustainable use of natural waters, appropriate monitoring methods are required. This study aims to investigate the diversity of the microbial community in a metropolitan river system in Japan using a low-cost DNA-based approach, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), as a potential bioindicator of environmental change. Surface waters were sampled in seven sites in a river system. Water chemical parameters and concentrations of heavy metals were determined. Microbial DNA was extracted from the samples, ribosomal RNA was amplified with universal primers, and RFLP was scored by agarose gels. Water chemical analyses showed that surface water at the inflow point of a sewage treatment plant had signs of eutrophication. Heavy metal concentrations in surface water were low (< 0.01 ppm) in all sites. The PCR-RFLP analysis showed polymorphisms both in 16S and 18S rRNAs, indicating that the method can detect at least a part of the microbiome changes in a river system. Sequencing of some fragments found the sequence close to a ciliate isolated in wastewater treatment plants, implying contamination from sewage. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified the RFLPs associated with chemical water parameters, which could be bioindicators of environmental pollution. We also found the RFLPs independent of water quality parameters, suggesting that this simple DNA-based analysis can also detect biological changes in water ecosystems that are not quantified by chemical measurements of water quality.
{"title":"Water Quality Measurements with a Simple Molecular Analysis (PCR-RFLP) of the Microbiome in a Metropolitan River System in Japan","authors":"L. Neneng, R. Nugroho, Y. Komai, Naru Takayama, K. Kawamura","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2020.5869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.5869","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization has affected natural freshwater environments by contamination with sewage, toxic chemicals, and excess nutrients, which cause algal bloom, pollution, and ecosystem degradation. To ensure sustainable use of natural waters, appropriate monitoring methods are required. This study aims to investigate the diversity of the microbial community in a metropolitan river system in Japan using a low-cost DNA-based approach, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), as a potential bioindicator of environmental change. Surface waters were sampled in seven sites in a river system. Water chemical parameters and concentrations of heavy metals were determined. Microbial DNA was extracted from the samples, ribosomal RNA was amplified with universal primers, and RFLP was scored by agarose gels. Water chemical analyses showed that surface water at the inflow point of a sewage treatment plant had signs of eutrophication. Heavy metal concentrations in surface water were low (< 0.01 ppm) in all sites. The PCR-RFLP analysis showed polymorphisms both in 16S and 18S rRNAs, indicating that the method can detect at least a part of the microbiome changes in a river system. Sequencing of some fragments found the sequence close to a ciliate isolated in wastewater treatment plants, implying contamination from sewage. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified the RFLPs associated with chemical water parameters, which could be bioindicators of environmental pollution. We also found the RFLPs independent of water quality parameters, suggesting that this simple DNA-based analysis can also detect biological changes in water ecosystems that are not quantified by chemical measurements of water quality.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114475512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salt stress affects crop productivity by altering the biology of the plant and limiting productivity. Hordeum vulgare is the most tolerant cereal crop, with rich genetic resources. The underlying molecular mechanism involved in salt stress response is yet to be comprehensively addressed. A total of 305 proteins are involved in the network. We attempted to find relationships between a few representative stress-responsive proteins of osmotic (pip1), ionic (K+/Na+ ratio in the leaf sheath, HvHAK, HAK4, NHX1 and Ha1), and oxidative stress (APX, CAT1, SOD1) from the public protein database to identify the most influential protein in the network. Further, the salt response proteins were analyzed for their enriched protein domains, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, molecular functions, and cell localization. The graph theory analysis of the large data could provide clues for the identification of potential biomarkers for salt stress in barley. An experiment was performed in three accessions of H. vulgare to identify the reliability of the theoretical network relationship in biological systems. The expression of the above-mentioned proteins was further experimentally proven based on the expression and assay.
{"title":"Salt Stress-Responsive Protein Interaction in Hordeum vulgare","authors":"Rajeswari Somasundaram, Somasundaram Arumugam, Neeru Sood","doi":"10.48048/WJST.2020.5029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/WJST.2020.5029","url":null,"abstract":"Salt stress affects crop productivity by altering the biology of the plant and limiting productivity. Hordeum vulgare is the most tolerant cereal crop, with rich genetic resources. The underlying molecular mechanism involved in salt stress response is yet to be comprehensively addressed. A total of 305 proteins are involved in the network. We attempted to find relationships between a few representative stress-responsive proteins of osmotic (pip1), ionic (K+/Na+ ratio in the leaf sheath, HvHAK, HAK4, NHX1 and Ha1), and oxidative stress (APX, CAT1, SOD1) from the public protein database to identify the most influential protein in the network. Further, the salt response proteins were analyzed for their enriched protein domains, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, molecular functions, and cell localization. The graph theory analysis of the large data could provide clues for the identification of potential biomarkers for salt stress in barley. An experiment was performed in three accessions of H. vulgare to identify the reliability of the theoretical network relationship in biological systems. The expression of the above-mentioned proteins was further experimentally proven based on the expression and assay.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134351632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thirteen species of phytoplankton were recorded for the first time in the Upper Euphrates River environment in Iraq during the period from January to June 2017. Five locations were selected along the river (Jubba village, Al-Baghdadi district, Dollab village, Hit city and Ramadi city). Among the 13 taxa, seven species belonging to the Chlorophyta division were identified: Excentrosphaera viridis, Monoraphidium caribeum, Nephrochlamys willeana, Oonephris palustris, Staurodesmus cuspidatus, Palmodictyon varium, and Westellopsis linearis. Moreover, two species of the Chrysohyta division, Rhizochrysis limnetica and Chrysidiastrum catenatum, were recorded in the study area. Two species belonging to the Bacillariophyta division were Acanthoceras zachariasii and Stenopterobia intermedia, showing in the study area. One species belonging to the Cyanophyta division, Stichosiphon sansibaricus, was recorded in Hit and Ramadi, and one species of Euglenophyta (Phacus orbicularis) was also recorded. Some physicochemical properties of the water from these locations were measured, including water temperature values ranging from 8 - 13 °C; pH ranging from 7.22 - 7.58; EC ranging from 580 - 755 µS.cm-1, while salinity was 0.30 - 0.44 g.L-1. Nutrient, such as nitrates, and phosphate values ranged from 156 - 232 µg.L-1 and 8.21 - 21 µg.L-1, respectively. The presence of new phytoplankton in Iraqi freshwater confirms the quality of river water in this area. This study was carried out to contribute to the knowledge of freshwater phytoplankton in Iraq for the upper region of the Euphrates River and their tributaries.
{"title":"Recording Thirteen New Species of Phytoplankton in Euphrates River Environment in Iraq","authors":"H. Ali, M. N. Owaid, S. F. Ali","doi":"10.48048/WJST.2020.6217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/WJST.2020.6217","url":null,"abstract":"Thirteen species of phytoplankton were recorded for the first time in the Upper Euphrates River environment in Iraq during the period from January to June 2017. Five locations were selected along the river (Jubba village, Al-Baghdadi district, Dollab village, Hit city and Ramadi city). Among the 13 taxa, seven species belonging to the Chlorophyta division were identified: Excentrosphaera viridis, Monoraphidium caribeum, Nephrochlamys willeana, Oonephris palustris, Staurodesmus cuspidatus, Palmodictyon varium, and Westellopsis linearis. Moreover, two species of the Chrysohyta division, Rhizochrysis limnetica and Chrysidiastrum catenatum, were recorded in the study area. Two species belonging to the Bacillariophyta division were Acanthoceras zachariasii and Stenopterobia intermedia, showing in the study area. One species belonging to the Cyanophyta division, Stichosiphon sansibaricus, was recorded in Hit and Ramadi, and one species of Euglenophyta (Phacus orbicularis) was also recorded. Some physicochemical properties of the water from these locations were measured, including water temperature values ranging from 8 - 13 °C; pH ranging from 7.22 - 7.58; EC ranging from 580 - 755 µS.cm-1, while salinity was 0.30 - 0.44 g.L-1. Nutrient, such as nitrates, and phosphate values ranged from 156 - 232 µg.L-1 and 8.21 - 21 µg.L-1, respectively. The presence of new phytoplankton in Iraqi freshwater confirms the quality of river water in this area. This study was carried out to contribute to the knowledge of freshwater phytoplankton in Iraq for the upper region of the Euphrates River and their tributaries.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121530805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pimpisa Saksorngmuang, O. Kaewboonchoo, Ratchneewan Ross, Plernpit Boonyamalik
This study aimed to investigate the working hazards and health problems among rubber farmers in the southern part of Thailand. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was employed to identify the workers’ working hazards and health problems, workers’ postures, and the measurement of the intensity of light, lung function, and eye vision. Results indicated that 45.5 % of the rubber farmers were exposed to a chemical substance, 87 % were exposed to a scorpion, and 27.6 % had a high job strain. Furthermore, 43.8 % of the rubber farmers had a high ergonomic risk when collecting the rubber latex. However, the intensity of the headlamp had met the standard. Findings also revealed some common health problems among rubber farmers. These were musculoskeletal disorders (87.7 %), depression symptoms (15.7 %), and hand eczema (8.9 %). Additionally, nearly half of the Thai rubber farmers had an accident at work (45.1 %, while 22 % reported to have bitten by a poisonous animal. Lastly, 78.4 % of the rubber farmers had a low level of visual requirement and half of them had an abnormal lung function (57.2 %). These findings suggest a need for work process modifications to prevent health hazard in Thai rubber farmers.
{"title":"Working Hazards and Health Problems among Rubber Farmers in Thailand","authors":"Pimpisa Saksorngmuang, O. Kaewboonchoo, Ratchneewan Ross, Plernpit Boonyamalik","doi":"10.48048/WJST.2020.6075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/WJST.2020.6075","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the working hazards and health problems among rubber farmers in the southern part of Thailand. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was employed to identify the workers’ working hazards and health problems, workers’ postures, and the measurement of the intensity of light, lung function, and eye vision. Results indicated that 45.5 % of the rubber farmers were exposed to a chemical substance, 87 % were exposed to a scorpion, and 27.6 % had a high job strain. Furthermore, 43.8 % of the rubber farmers had a high ergonomic risk when collecting the rubber latex. However, the intensity of the headlamp had met the standard. Findings also revealed some common health problems among rubber farmers. These were musculoskeletal disorders (87.7 %), depression symptoms (15.7 %), and hand eczema (8.9 %). Additionally, nearly half of the Thai rubber farmers had an accident at work (45.1 %, while 22 % reported to have bitten by a poisonous animal. Lastly, 78.4 % of the rubber farmers had a low level of visual requirement and half of them had an abnormal lung function (57.2 %). These findings suggest a need for work process modifications to prevent health hazard in Thai rubber farmers.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"286 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124257772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tarnhatai Malawet, P. Bangrak, Y. Peerapornpisal, Niyom Kamlangdee
Thraustochytrids are alternative potential sources of squalene, because they grow rapidly, are relatively easy to culture, and accumulate in large amounts. The objectives of this research were to isolate squalene-producing Thraustochytrids from fallen leaves in Paknakon Bay, including Paknakon Mangrove forest (N), Pakpanang Mangrove forest (P) and Thasala Mangrove forest (T), Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, and to investigate their total lipid profile and squalene contents. A total of nine Thraustochytrid isolates were obtained.Morphological and molecular features revealed that those Thraustochytrids belonged to the genus Aurantiochytrium (N1, N14, P1/1, P5/2, P6/1, P43, T1, T26, and T42). Subsequently, they were cultivated and their cell dry weight, fatty acid compositions, and squalene contents were analyzed. At 96 h of cultivation, the dry cell weights ranged from 7.51 to 17.43 mg/g. The total lipid profile showed a broad spectrum of saturated fatty acids with an abundance of palmitic acid (16:0), 24.72 - 41.06 % TFA, pentadecanoic acid (15:0) 16.75 - 28.48 % TFA, heptadecanoic acid (17:0) 4.19 - 7.67 % TFA, lignoceric acid (24:0) 2.76 - 8.83 % TFA, myristic acid (14:0) 2.17 - 3.43 % TFA, stearic acid (18:0) 0.83 - 1.32 % TFA, arachidic acid (20:0) 0.19 - 0.33 % TFA, and behenic acid (22:0) 0.19 - 0.21 % TFA, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids, including Docosahexaaenoic acid (22:6; 8.59 - 35.99 % TFA), Clupanodonic acid (22:5, 2.24 - 8.94 % TFA), Arachidonic acid (20:4, 0.32 - 0.60 % TFA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, 0.19 - 0.62 % TFA), Linolenic acid (18:3, 0.12 - 0.18 % TFA), and Erucic acid (22:1; 0.02 - 0.09 % TFA) were also found. The squalene contents ranged from 0.06 to 4.78 mg/g. The highest biomass and squalene-accumulation was achieved from strain P5/2, which was identified as Aurantiochytrium sp.ม with a maximum yield of 4.78 mg/g at 96 h of cultivation.
{"title":"Newly Isolated High Squalene Producing Thraustochytrid Strain Aurantochytrium sp. P5/2 from Mangrove Habitats in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand","authors":"Tarnhatai Malawet, P. Bangrak, Y. Peerapornpisal, Niyom Kamlangdee","doi":"10.48048/WJST.2020.6476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/WJST.2020.6476","url":null,"abstract":"Thraustochytrids are alternative potential sources of squalene, because they grow rapidly, are relatively easy to culture, and accumulate in large amounts. The objectives of this research were to isolate squalene-producing Thraustochytrids from fallen leaves in Paknakon Bay, including Paknakon Mangrove forest (N), Pakpanang Mangrove forest (P) and Thasala Mangrove forest (T), Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, and to investigate their total lipid profile and squalene contents. A total of nine Thraustochytrid isolates were obtained.Morphological and molecular features revealed that those Thraustochytrids belonged to the genus Aurantiochytrium (N1, N14, P1/1, P5/2, P6/1, P43, T1, T26, and T42). Subsequently, they were cultivated and their cell dry weight, fatty acid compositions, and squalene contents were analyzed. At 96 h of cultivation, the dry cell weights ranged from 7.51 to 17.43 mg/g. The total lipid profile showed a broad spectrum of saturated fatty acids with an abundance of palmitic acid (16:0), 24.72 - 41.06 % TFA, pentadecanoic acid (15:0) 16.75 - 28.48 % TFA, heptadecanoic acid (17:0) 4.19 - 7.67 % TFA, lignoceric acid (24:0) 2.76 - 8.83 % TFA, myristic acid (14:0) 2.17 - 3.43 % TFA, stearic acid (18:0) 0.83 - 1.32 % TFA, arachidic acid (20:0) 0.19 - 0.33 % TFA, and behenic acid (22:0) 0.19 - 0.21 % TFA, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids, including Docosahexaaenoic acid (22:6; 8.59 - 35.99 % TFA), Clupanodonic acid (22:5, 2.24 - 8.94 % TFA), Arachidonic acid (20:4, 0.32 - 0.60 % TFA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, 0.19 - 0.62 % TFA), Linolenic acid (18:3, 0.12 - 0.18 % TFA), and Erucic acid (22:1; 0.02 - 0.09 % TFA) were also found. The squalene contents ranged from 0.06 to 4.78 mg/g. The highest biomass and squalene-accumulation was achieved from strain P5/2, which was identified as Aurantiochytrium sp.ม with a maximum yield of 4.78 mg/g at 96 h of cultivation.","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"268 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132739059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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