Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.48048/wjst.2021.23982
Lakshmi S. Bose
We have studied the ultraviolet sources using Galaxy Evolution Explorer medium imaging surveys in Helix Nebula and estimated UV fluxes by using aperture photometry in distant and near ultraviolet bands. The aperture photometric method produces reliable, accurate flux measurements and found inconsistent with the merged catalog of Galaxy Evolution Explorer. From the current results, the fluxes are consistent with brighter absolute magnitude up to 24.5 and the measurement error increases gradually to more than 50 % at the fainter magnitude side. Percentage of error in far UV is greater than near UV, due to the fact that brighter galaxies are more visible than the near UV sources. The diffuse UV contributors of zodiacal light, airglow contribution in the nebula were estimated. The total extragalactic UV radiation from the detected sources to the diffuse background in the nebula is of the order of 50 ± 14 photons cm-2sr-1s-1Å-1 in NUV band and 28 ±10 photons cm-2sr-1s-1Å-1 in FUV band. HIGHLIGHTS GALEX observations have the potential to find extragalactic UV sources Helix Nebula is first identified for distinct source detection Aperture photometric method can detect fainter sources up to the magnitude of 27 Extragalactic sources in the Helix nebula contribute to diffuse UV emission in the nebula GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"A Study of the Extragalactic UV Radiation in Helix Nebula using GALEX","authors":"Lakshmi S. Bose","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2021.23982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2021.23982","url":null,"abstract":"We have studied the ultraviolet sources using Galaxy Evolution Explorer medium imaging surveys in Helix Nebula and estimated UV fluxes by using aperture photometry in distant and near ultraviolet bands. The aperture photometric method produces reliable, accurate flux measurements and found inconsistent with the merged catalog of Galaxy Evolution Explorer. From the current results, the fluxes are consistent with brighter absolute magnitude up to 24.5 and the measurement error increases gradually to more than 50 % at the fainter magnitude side. Percentage of error in far UV is greater than near UV, due to the fact that brighter galaxies are more visible than the near UV sources. The diffuse UV contributors of zodiacal light, airglow contribution in the nebula were estimated. The total extragalactic UV radiation from the detected sources to the diffuse background in the nebula is of the order of 50 ± 14 photons cm-2sr-1s-1Å-1 in NUV band and 28 ±10 photons cm-2sr-1s-1Å-1 in FUV band. \u0000HIGHLIGHTS \u0000 \u0000GALEX observations have the potential to find extragalactic UV sources \u0000Helix Nebula is first identified for distinct source detection \u0000Aperture photometric method can detect fainter sources up to the magnitude of 27 \u0000Extragalactic sources in the Helix nebula contribute to diffuse UV emission in the nebula \u0000 \u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131983869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The major goal of this study was to compute the flow appearances of the chosen midblock and to evaluate the road sections using various performance metrics that analyzed these road sections in both current and future conditions. Performance measure of flow parameters was at the operational period of the road. Therefore, this work examined the 2-way 2-lane roads with various performance measures. The capacity of mid blocks was also determined by plotting capacity curves and the level of service arrived and Sidra Intersection 5.1 tools were used for the analysis. All midblock evaluated with different performance measures both in current and future conditions with basic considerations. The analysis was done by adopting Sidra Intersection 5.1 tool and showed that 2-way 2-lane roads in future conditions were studied and the result indicated that their average travel speed, degree of saturation, practical spare capacity, total effective capacity, demand of flow, and level of service (LOS) displayed major changes from the base condition. HIGHLIGHTS Compute the flow appearances of the chosen midblock To evaluate the road sections using various performance metrics that analyzed these road sections in both current and future conditions Performance measure of flow parameters was at the operational period of the road. Therefore, this work examined the 2-way 2-lane roads with various performance measures The capacity of mid blocks was also determined by plotting capacity curves The level of service arrived and Sidra Intersection 5.1 tools were used for the analysis GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Implementation of 5.1 Sidra Intersection Software for Appraisal of Road Corridors under Current Form","authors":"Dagimwork Asele Manuka","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2021.9703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2021.9703","url":null,"abstract":"The major goal of this study was to compute the flow appearances of the chosen midblock and to evaluate the road sections using various performance metrics that analyzed these road sections in both current and future conditions. Performance measure of flow parameters was at the operational period of the road. Therefore, this work examined the 2-way 2-lane roads with various performance measures. The capacity of mid blocks was also determined by plotting capacity curves and the level of service arrived and Sidra Intersection 5.1 tools were used for the analysis. All midblock evaluated with different performance measures both in current and future conditions with basic considerations. The analysis was done by adopting Sidra Intersection 5.1 tool and showed that 2-way 2-lane roads in future conditions were studied and the result indicated that their average travel speed, degree of saturation, practical spare capacity, total effective capacity, demand of flow, and level of service (LOS) displayed major changes from the base condition.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Compute the flow appearances of the chosen midblock\u0000To evaluate the road sections using various performance metrics that analyzed these road sections in both current and future conditions\u0000Performance measure of flow parameters was at the operational period of the road. Therefore, this work examined the 2-way 2-lane roads with various performance measures\u0000The capacity of mid blocks was also determined by plotting capacity curves\u0000The level of service arrived and Sidra Intersection 5.1 tools were used for the analysis\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133172567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abrasive flow machining (AFM) is one of the non-conventional finishing processes used to attain good surface quality and high material removal. However, limited attempts have been made to improve the performance of these processes. This paper presents a novel magnetic abrasive flow machining (MAFM) setup fabricated by adding a magnetization effect in which a nylon fixture and permanent magnets are replaced by a newly fabricated aluminium fixture and coil-type magnets, respectively. Inner cylindrical surfaces of hybrid Al/SiC/B4C metal matrix composites (MMCs) are finished by the MAFM process. One variable at a time (OVAT) approach is used for studying the effect of 6 input parameters, extrusion pressure (Ep), the number of cycles (N), abrasives concentration (C), workpiece material (Wp), abrasive mesh size (M), and magnetic flux density (Mf) upon response parameters, material removal rate (MRR) and change in surface roughness (ΔRa). The experimental results obtained for MRR and ΔRa show a significant improvement from 3.92 to 7.68 μg/s and 0.49 to 0.74 μm, respectively due to the increase of the extrusion pressure from 1 to 9 Mpa. The MRR and ΔRa was reduced from 6.89 to 6.78 μg/s and 0.46 to 0.22 μm, respectively with an increase in mesh number of abrasives from 80 to 400. The variation in concentration of abrasives from 40 to 60 % shows an improvement in MRR from 4.51 to 6.42 μg/s; whereas, there is a negligible effect on ΔRa which comes out from 3.82 to 3.86 μm. The MMCs, which are used for the experimentation shows a decline in MRR and ΔRa from 5.12 to 3.85 μg/s and 0.77 to 0.42 μm, respectively. This happened because there was a percentage change of reinforcement of SiC from 9 to 7 % and B4C from 1 to 3 % in Al-6063. An increase in the number of cycles from 50 to 250 shows a significant improvement in both MRR and ΔRa from 1.79 to 3.75 μg/s and 0.97 to 1.86 μm, respectively. Variation in magnetic effect also significantly improves MRR and ΔRa from 1.35 to 3.17 μg/s and 0.38 to 1.06 μm, respectively, when it is varied from 0.15 - 0.45 Tesla. The work carried out shows an overall significant improvement in MRR and ΔRa by using the MAFM process. The MAFM process finds a wide range of applications in finishing like surgical instruments, mechanical components, aerospace industry, electronics industry, etc. HIGHLIGHTS The hybrid MMCs (Al/SiC/B4C) are finished by novel MAFM setup An aluminium fixture and coil-type magnets play a significant role for finishing the workpiece surfaces An abrasive laden media acts as a cutting tool in the finishing process The OVAT approach is used for investigating the parametric effect The extrusion pressure, number of cycles and magnetic flux density are the significant parameters affecting the MRR and ΔRa GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Process Parameters of Al-SiC-B4C MMCs Finished by a Novel Magnetic Abrasive Flow Machining Setup","authors":"Gagandeep Chawla, V. Mittal, Sushil Mittal","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2021.9885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2021.9885","url":null,"abstract":"Abrasive flow machining (AFM) is one of the non-conventional finishing processes used to attain good surface quality and high material removal. However, limited attempts have been made to improve the performance of these processes. This paper presents a novel magnetic abrasive flow machining (MAFM) setup fabricated by adding a magnetization effect in which a nylon fixture and permanent magnets are replaced by a newly fabricated aluminium fixture and coil-type magnets, respectively. Inner cylindrical surfaces of hybrid Al/SiC/B4C metal matrix composites (MMCs) are finished by the MAFM process. One variable at a time (OVAT) approach is used for studying the effect of 6 input parameters, extrusion pressure (Ep), the number of cycles (N), abrasives concentration (C), workpiece material (Wp), abrasive mesh size (M), and magnetic flux density (Mf) upon response parameters, material removal rate (MRR) and change in surface roughness (ΔRa). The experimental results obtained for MRR and ΔRa show a significant improvement from 3.92 to 7.68 μg/s and 0.49 to 0.74 μm, respectively due to the increase of the extrusion pressure from 1 to 9 Mpa. The MRR and ΔRa was reduced from 6.89 to 6.78 μg/s and 0.46 to 0.22 μm, respectively with an increase in mesh number of abrasives from 80 to 400. The variation in concentration of abrasives from 40 to 60 % shows an improvement in MRR from 4.51 to 6.42 μg/s; whereas, there is a negligible effect on ΔRa which comes out from 3.82 to 3.86 μm. The MMCs, which are used for the experimentation shows a decline in MRR and ΔRa from 5.12 to 3.85 μg/s and 0.77 to 0.42 μm, respectively. This happened because there was a percentage change of reinforcement of SiC from 9 to 7 % and B4C from 1 to 3 % in Al-6063. An increase in the number of cycles from 50 to 250 shows a significant improvement in both MRR and ΔRa from 1.79 to 3.75 μg/s and 0.97 to 1.86 μm, respectively. Variation in magnetic effect also significantly improves MRR and ΔRa from 1.35 to 3.17 μg/s and 0.38 to 1.06 μm, respectively, when it is varied from 0.15 - 0.45 Tesla. The work carried out shows an overall significant improvement in MRR and ΔRa by using the MAFM process. The MAFM process finds a wide range of applications in finishing like surgical instruments, mechanical components, aerospace industry, electronics industry, etc.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000The hybrid MMCs (Al/SiC/B4C) are finished by novel MAFM setup\u0000An aluminium fixture and coil-type magnets play a significant role for finishing the workpiece surfaces\u0000An abrasive laden media acts as a cutting tool in the finishing process\u0000The OVAT approach is used for investigating the parametric effect\u0000The extrusion pressure, number of cycles and magnetic flux density are the significant parameters affecting the MRR and ΔRa\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122582178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.48048/wjst.2021.23985
N. Polsa, C. Songsiriritthigul, Wasana Suyotha, Sugunya Suebsan, S. Anuntalabhochai, K. Sangwijit
From our earlier work, we modified the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to increase cellulase activity using cold plasma technology. The cellulase gene (BglC-M) from the mutant was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) under the T7 promoter. The hydrolysis activity of the cellulase mutant (BglC-M) was approximately 2.5-fold higher than the control (BglC-W) over a wide range of pH and temperature conditions. The amino acid sequence of the mutant BglC-M contained 471 residues that were almost identical to the control BglC-W. Only a single amino acid, lysine, was replaced by glutamic acid at position 370 (K370E) within the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM). Structure prediction and substrate docking of BglC-M indicated that the single mutation (K370E) might involve cellulose binding of the β-sandwich facilitated by hydrogen bonding. The docking study of cellopentaose with the model structure of BglC-M indicated that the replacement of lysine-370 led to the formation of a hydrogen bond with 436Y, which has a shorter distance (2.6 Å) compared with the control (5.4 Å). As a result, the structure becomes more compact and stable, resulting in increased catalytic efficiency. Finally, the biomass hydrolysis ability of cellulase was investigated on lignocellulosic wastes such as pineapple peel, corncob, and durian peel. The BglC-M enzyme showed a more significant amount of reducing sugar released from all lignocellulosic wastes than the control. This was the first evidence that altering the base composition of the cellulose binding module enhanced the catalytic activity. HIGHLIGHTS Increasing cellulase activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using plasma technology Mutation at cellulose-binding module enhance cellulase hydrolysis activity Greater cellulase activity in the hydrolysis on lignocellulosic wastes GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"A Single Mutation in the Carbohydrate-Binding Module Enhances Cellulase Activity in Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens Mutant","authors":"N. Polsa, C. Songsiriritthigul, Wasana Suyotha, Sugunya Suebsan, S. Anuntalabhochai, K. Sangwijit","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2021.23985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2021.23985","url":null,"abstract":"From our earlier work, we modified the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to increase cellulase activity using cold plasma technology. The cellulase gene (BglC-M) from the mutant was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) under the T7 promoter. The hydrolysis activity of the cellulase mutant (BglC-M) was approximately 2.5-fold higher than the control (BglC-W) over a wide range of pH and temperature conditions. The amino acid sequence of the mutant BglC-M contained 471 residues that were almost identical to the control BglC-W. Only a single amino acid, lysine, was replaced by glutamic acid at position 370 (K370E) within the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM). Structure prediction and substrate docking of BglC-M indicated that the single mutation (K370E) might involve cellulose binding of the β-sandwich facilitated by hydrogen bonding. The docking study of cellopentaose with the model structure of BglC-M indicated that the replacement of lysine-370 led to the formation of a hydrogen bond with 436Y, which has a shorter distance (2.6 Å) compared with the control (5.4 Å). As a result, the structure becomes more compact and stable, resulting in increased catalytic efficiency. Finally, the biomass hydrolysis ability of cellulase was investigated on lignocellulosic wastes such as pineapple peel, corncob, and durian peel. The BglC-M enzyme showed a more significant amount of reducing sugar released from all lignocellulosic wastes than the control. This was the first evidence that altering the base composition of the cellulose binding module enhanced the catalytic activity. \u0000HIGHLIGHTS \u0000 \u0000Increasing cellulase activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using plasma technology \u0000Mutation at cellulose-binding module enhance cellulase hydrolysis activity \u0000Greater cellulase activity in the hydrolysis on lignocellulosic wastes \u0000 \u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125518611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.48048/wjst.2021.10025
N. Chuong, T. Bush
This study aimed to investigate the influence of liming and fern on reducing the absorption of arsenic (As) by maize and As content in the soil. The single-factor experiment was designed in a completely random block (4 treatments and 4 replicates). Treatments were followed: Treatment 1 (NT1) liming (3tons CaO.ha-1); NT2: Plant ferns alternately with maize (without liming); NT3: Plant ferns alternately with maize and liming (3 tons CaO.ha-1); NT4: Control (no liming or ferns). The results showed that the applications of liming and ferns have positive influences on the soil pH, EC, OM, yield, and yield components of the maize tested in this study. The yield difference between the application of liming and intercropped ferns was increased from 5.4 to 22.3 %. Moreover, the arsenic contents in soil, stems, and seeds were 25.7, 32.0 and 50 % lower than that of the control, respectively. soil to roots and stems, which significantly caused reduction of a large amount of As content in soils. Therefore, to reduce the production cost, and enhance soil and maize quality, application of lime (3 ton.ha-1) and intercropped ferns is recommended. HIGHLIGHTS Increasing pH, EC and organic matter by the lime application combined with ferns Decreasing the soil arsenic concentration by intercroping maizes and ferns The lime application combined with ferns raising the yield components and yield of maize The high As accumulation of stems and shoots of ferns intercroping maizes and ferns The lowest As accumulation of stems and seeds of maizes applying the lime combined with ferns
{"title":"Soil Chemical Properties and Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield influenced by Lime and Fern (Pteris vittata)","authors":"N. Chuong, T. Bush","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2021.10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2021.10025","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the influence of liming and fern on reducing the absorption of arsenic (As) by maize and As content in the soil. The single-factor experiment was designed in a completely random block (4 treatments and 4 replicates). Treatments were followed: Treatment 1 (NT1) liming (3tons CaO.ha-1); NT2: Plant ferns alternately with maize (without liming); NT3: Plant ferns alternately with maize and liming (3 tons CaO.ha-1); NT4: Control (no liming or ferns). The results showed that the applications of liming and ferns have positive influences on the soil pH, EC, OM, yield, and yield components of the maize tested in this study. The yield difference between the application of liming and intercropped ferns was increased from 5.4 to 22.3 %. Moreover, the arsenic contents in soil, stems, and seeds were 25.7, 32.0 and 50 % lower than that of the control, respectively. soil to roots and stems, which significantly caused reduction of a large amount of As content in soils. Therefore, to reduce the production cost, and enhance soil and maize quality, application of lime (3 ton.ha-1) and intercropped ferns is recommended.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Increasing pH, EC and organic matter by the lime application combined with ferns\u0000Decreasing the soil arsenic concentration by intercroping maizes and ferns\u0000The lime application combined with ferns raising the yield components and yield of maize\u0000The high As accumulation of stems and shoots of ferns intercroping maizes and ferns\u0000The lowest As accumulation of stems and seeds of maizes applying the lime combined with ferns\u0000","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123409426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Verification is used to measure the quality of a weather prediction, improve process performance, and measure the value of weather estimation. Initially, weather verification developed after Finley published his paper on the verification of tornado events. The type of data, objectives, and scale can make a different method in using weather verification. If there are some parameters that can be predicted, a simple question is consequently often asked by the public: how accurate are weather forecasts? Nowadays, the public wants a simple answer in 1 value that is presented quantitatively. The aim of the research is to develop a simple method that can answer the accuracy of weather prediction in a value that is easily understood by the public. Practically, validation comparing between prediction and observation parameters is divided into 2, namely dichotomous and comparing the values. This research tries to combine all weather prediction variables into a dichotomous variable with a threshold. Moreover, this technique is tested on weather predictions for the port of Makassar over a year. The results show that a certain threshold can be used to change the weather variable to be dichotomous. With the application of this method, forecast accuracy and suitability between the predicted parameters can be obtained. Moreover, the weather forecast issued by the Makassar Maritime Station shows the average true value of the forecast to be 69.1 %, and then the capabilities vary by forecasters, which range from 61 to 79 %. HIGHLIGHTS Weather forecast verification is used to measure the quality of a weather forecast, improve process performance, and the value of weather forecasts The character of the weather variables and their predictions is unique and influences the type of evaluation method To facilitate the public's assessment of the accuracy of weather predictions, it is necessary to combine weather prediction evaluation methods in one value Using the tolerance threshold whether a deviant prediction is used to combine various weather predictive variables Average true value of the forecast is 69.1 % and the different capabilities of each forecaster, which range from 61 to 79 % GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Application of the Simple Verification Method to Estimate the Weather at Makassar Maritime Station, Indonesia","authors":"D. Didiharyono, G. Giarno","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2021.9542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2021.9542","url":null,"abstract":"Verification is used to measure the quality of a weather prediction, improve process performance, and measure the value of weather estimation. Initially, weather verification developed after Finley published his paper on the verification of tornado events. The type of data, objectives, and scale can make a different method in using weather verification. If there are some parameters that can be predicted, a simple question is consequently often asked by the public: how accurate are weather forecasts? Nowadays, the public wants a simple answer in 1 value that is presented quantitatively. The aim of the research is to develop a simple method that can answer the accuracy of weather prediction in a value that is easily understood by the public. Practically, validation comparing between prediction and observation parameters is divided into 2, namely dichotomous and comparing the values. This research tries to combine all weather prediction variables into a dichotomous variable with a threshold. Moreover, this technique is tested on weather predictions for the port of Makassar over a year. The results show that a certain threshold can be used to change the weather variable to be dichotomous. With the application of this method, forecast accuracy and suitability between the predicted parameters can be obtained. Moreover, the weather forecast issued by the Makassar Maritime Station shows the average true value of the forecast to be 69.1 %, and then the capabilities vary by forecasters, which range from 61 to 79 %.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Weather forecast verification is used to measure the quality of a weather forecast, improve process performance, and the value of weather forecasts\u0000The character of the weather variables and their predictions is unique and influences the type of evaluation method\u0000To facilitate the public's assessment of the accuracy of weather predictions, it is necessary to combine weather prediction evaluation methods in one value\u0000Using the tolerance threshold whether a deviant prediction is used to combine various weather predictive variables\u0000Average true value of the forecast is 69.1 % and the different capabilities of each forecaster, which range from 61 to 79 %\u0000\u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"356 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116242035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-11DOI: 10.48048/wjst.2021.23974
Ankit Adesara, A. Naik
Biopotential signals are created as a result of the electrochemical activity of the many cells that comprise the nervous system, and they represent both normal and pathological organ function. These signals must be identified with extreme caution because they are surrounded by a great deal of noise when detected by sensors. This article explores a novel biopotential amplifier that incorporates the chopper stabilization technique to increase noise performance and minimize offset. However, by introducing the chopper modulator into the proposed design, the amplifier's overall input impedance was lowered, which was then increased to greater than 200 MΩ by adding the forward auxiliary path to the input branch. Additionally, the output ripple, produced due to switching activity and up-sampling, was reduced by inclusion of the R-C ripple removing block at the output of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The designed architecture had a mid-band gain of 40dB with a power consumption of 9 µW and an offset of 10µV and a CMRR of 82 dB. It generated a noise of 42nV/√Hz. Also, the obtained results were compared with a conventional amplifier. The proposed design was verified by carrying out simulations using 180nm technology parameters. Cadence Virtuoso (Schematic editor), Spectre (Simulator), Symica and Magic (Layout) tools were used to complete the implementation and simulation of the proposed design. HIGHLIGHTS Biopotential signals are created as a result of the electrochemical activity of the many cells which must be identified with extreme caution because they are surrounded by a great deal of noise when detected by sensors It explores a novel biopotential amplifier that incorporates the chopper stabilization technique to increase noise performance and minimize offset By introducing the chopper modulator into the proposed design, the amplifier's overall input impedance was lowered, which was then increased to greater than 200 MΩ by adding the forward auxiliary path to the input branch The output ripple, produced due to switching activity and up-sampling, was reduced by inclusion of the R-C ripple removing block at the output of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) The designed architecture had a mid-band gain of 40dB with a power consumption of 9 µW and an offset of 10 µV and a CMRR of 82 dB. It generated a noise of 42 nV/√Hz GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"A Low Noise High Input Impedance Chopper-Stabilized Biopotential Amplifier with Ripple Reduction Technique","authors":"Ankit Adesara, A. Naik","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2021.23974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2021.23974","url":null,"abstract":"Biopotential signals are created as a result of the electrochemical activity of the many cells that comprise the nervous system, and they represent both normal and pathological organ function. These signals must be identified with extreme caution because they are surrounded by a great deal of noise when detected by sensors. This article explores a novel biopotential amplifier that incorporates the chopper stabilization technique to increase noise performance and minimize offset. However, by introducing the chopper modulator into the proposed design, the amplifier's overall input impedance was lowered, which was then increased to greater than 200 MΩ by adding the forward auxiliary path to the input branch. Additionally, the output ripple, produced due to switching activity and up-sampling, was reduced by inclusion of the R-C ripple removing block at the output of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The designed architecture had a mid-band gain of 40dB with a power consumption of 9 µW and an offset of 10µV and a CMRR of 82 dB. It generated a noise of 42nV/√Hz. Also, the obtained results were compared with a conventional amplifier. The proposed design was verified by carrying out simulations using 180nm technology parameters. Cadence Virtuoso (Schematic editor), Spectre (Simulator), Symica and Magic (Layout) tools were used to complete the implementation and simulation of the proposed design. \u0000HIGHLIGHTS \u0000 \u0000Biopotential signals are created as a result of the electrochemical activity of the many cells which must be identified with extreme caution because they are surrounded by a great deal of noise when detected by sensors \u0000It explores a novel biopotential amplifier that incorporates the chopper stabilization technique to increase noise performance and minimize offset \u0000By introducing the chopper modulator into the proposed design, the amplifier's overall input impedance was lowered, which was then increased to greater than 200 MΩ by adding the forward auxiliary path to the input branch \u0000The output ripple, produced due to switching activity and up-sampling, was reduced by inclusion of the R-C ripple removing block at the output of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) \u0000The designed architecture had a mid-band gain of 40dB with a power consumption of 9 µW and an offset of 10 µV and a CMRR of 82 dB. It generated a noise of 42 nV/√Hz \u0000 \u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129572180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-31DOI: 10.48048/wjst.2021.22204
B. Manguntungi, A. Z. Mustopa, Lita Meilina, M. Nurfatwa, L. R. Vanggy, Shasmita Irawan, M. S. Tamzil, Tegar Aprilian, Y. Yulianti, Arsyadila Sophia Fidduha, Intan Nurani Wersian
Honey acts as an antibacterial without side effects, and also contains antiseptic substances which function to inhibit bacterial growth. This study aimed to isolate the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Sumbawa white honey and the bioactive compounds produced as pathogenic antibacteria. The 1st stage in this study was the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Sumbawa white honey, then continued with a grading test, morphological test, catalase test, methyl red test, and the last test, namely the antimicrobial test against 5 pathogenic bacteria (Salmonellatyhposa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter ludwigii, and Leclerciaadecarboxylata). Data analysis was performed using the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test at a confidence level of 0.05 with SPSS 24. Based on the results of sequencing analysis, it was found that the 5 selected isolates were Enterococcus faecium species. The Enterococcus faecium species obtained from the sequencing results had different strains. The accession numbers of the 5 Enterococcus faecium were: Isolate-03 with a percentage of 97.29 % (accession number: KU324920.1), Isolate-07 has a percent identity of 97.36 % (accession number: MF108201.1), Isolate-09 of 97.73 % (accession number: CP041261.3), Isolate-20 with a percentage of 96.40 % (accession number: MN511819.1), and Isolate-24 with a percentage of 98.61 % (accession number: KM495938.1). These isolates can inhibit the growth of all tested pathogenic bacteria treated with 100 % LAB metabolites and were not significantly different (p > 0.05) compared to a positive control (Ampicillin). HIGHLIGHTS Antibacterial compound of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from Sumbawa white honey Lactic acid bacteria isolation, characterization, and biosprosprection against pathogens Identified LAB by 16s rRNA sequencing gives five strains of Enterococcus faecium All identified LAB metabolites can inhibit all pathogens by similar inhibition percentage with Ampicillin GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"The Profile Analysis of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from Sumbawa White Honey and Its Potential Producing Antibacterial Compounds","authors":"B. Manguntungi, A. Z. Mustopa, Lita Meilina, M. Nurfatwa, L. R. Vanggy, Shasmita Irawan, M. S. Tamzil, Tegar Aprilian, Y. Yulianti, Arsyadila Sophia Fidduha, Intan Nurani Wersian","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2021.22204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2021.22204","url":null,"abstract":"Honey acts as an antibacterial without side effects, and also contains antiseptic substances which function to inhibit bacterial growth. This study aimed to isolate the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Sumbawa white honey and the bioactive compounds produced as pathogenic antibacteria. The 1st stage in this study was the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Sumbawa white honey, then continued with a grading test, morphological test, catalase test, methyl red test, and the last test, namely the antimicrobial test against 5 pathogenic bacteria (Salmonellatyhposa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter ludwigii, and Leclerciaadecarboxylata). Data analysis was performed using the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test at a confidence level of 0.05 with SPSS 24. Based on the results of sequencing analysis, it was found that the 5 selected isolates were Enterococcus faecium species. The Enterococcus faecium species obtained from the sequencing results had different strains. The accession numbers of the 5 Enterococcus faecium were: Isolate-03 with a percentage of 97.29 % (accession number: KU324920.1), Isolate-07 has a percent identity of 97.36 % (accession number: MF108201.1), Isolate-09 of 97.73 % (accession number: CP041261.3), Isolate-20 with a percentage of 96.40 % (accession number: MN511819.1), and Isolate-24 with a percentage of 98.61 % (accession number: KM495938.1). These isolates can inhibit the growth of all tested pathogenic bacteria treated with 100 % LAB metabolites and were not significantly different (p > 0.05) compared to a positive control (Ampicillin). \u0000HIGHLIGHTS \u0000 \u0000Antibacterial compound of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from Sumbawa white honey \u0000Lactic acid bacteria isolation, characterization, and biosprosprection against pathogens \u0000Identified LAB by 16s rRNA sequencing gives five strains of Enterococcus faecium \u0000All identified LAB metabolites can inhibit all pathogens by similar inhibition percentage with Ampicillin \u0000 \u0000GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123923221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we studied the notion of the fully closed stable module and identified some basic properties of this notion. We also investigated some concepts which are related to this module. In addition, the notion of CL-duo and fully closed stable modules were also studied. HIGHLIGHTS Studying the concept of fully closed stable modules Connect two concepts with important algebraic properties Giving new results to related concepts such as duo module closed multiplication module and closed monomorphism coretractable module
{"title":"On Fully Closed Stable Modules","authors":"S. Al-Aeashi, B. Davvaz","doi":"10.48048/wjst.2021.9534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2021.9534","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we studied the notion of the fully closed stable module and identified some basic properties of this notion. We also investigated some concepts which are related to this module. In addition, the notion of CL-duo and fully closed stable modules were also studied.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Studying the concept of fully closed stable modules\u0000Connect two concepts with important algebraic properties\u0000Giving new results to related concepts such as duo module closed multiplication module and closed monomorphism coretractable module\u0000","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128731676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Srisawat, Narueparn Sukkasam, Jirawadee Uppala, Chananchita Nilake, Kanokrat Keawchai, Amita Chujan, Chuthapond Musimun, P. Chumkaew, P. Permpoonpattana
The present study aimed to investigate the activity of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack (Ant Plant) tuber extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the mode of action of the extract on bacterial responses. The antibacterial activity was determined using agar well diffusion method. Resazurin-based 96-well microdilution method was used to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of the extract. Mode of action on bacterial death and response patterns to the extract were assessed by flow cytometry using membrane integrity and granularity profiles. The results, based on serial dilution and zones of inhibition against the bacteria, showed that 2,000 µg/well was potent against S. aureus (16.33±1.53 mm) and E. coli (14.33±0.58 mm). For S. aureus, the MIC concentration was 8,000 µg/mL, while 4,000 µg/mL concentration exhibited activity against E. coli. Flow cytometric profiles confirmed loss of intracellular components, followed by death, for both bacteria. Bacterial responses to the extract had consistent dose- and time-dependent behavior. This is the first mode of action study on bacterial responses to H. formicarum tuber extract. The results suggest that the extract of H. formicarum tuber could serve as a source of an initial active ingredient for developing effective medicines to battle infections caused by pathogens. HIGHLIGHTS Ant plant tuber extract had a strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli Intracellular component and bacterial membrane were the remarkable target for action of the extract Dose- and Time-response model for bacterial response to the extract was achieved using Flow cytometry
{"title":"Mode of Action and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Ant Plant Tuber Extract Inhibiting Growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli","authors":"T. Srisawat, Narueparn Sukkasam, Jirawadee Uppala, Chananchita Nilake, Kanokrat Keawchai, Amita Chujan, Chuthapond Musimun, P. Chumkaew, P. Permpoonpattana","doi":"10.48048/WJST.2021.9255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48048/WJST.2021.9255","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate the activity of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack (Ant Plant) tuber extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the mode of action of the extract on bacterial responses. The antibacterial activity was determined using agar well diffusion method. Resazurin-based 96-well microdilution method was used to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of the extract. Mode of action on bacterial death and response patterns to the extract were assessed by flow cytometry using membrane integrity and granularity profiles. The results, based on serial dilution and zones of inhibition against the bacteria, showed that 2,000 µg/well was potent against S. aureus (16.33±1.53 mm) and E. coli (14.33±0.58 mm). For S. aureus, the MIC concentration was 8,000 µg/mL, while 4,000 µg/mL concentration exhibited activity against E. coli. Flow cytometric profiles confirmed loss of intracellular components, followed by death, for both bacteria. Bacterial responses to the extract had consistent dose- and time-dependent behavior. This is the first mode of action study on bacterial responses to H. formicarum tuber extract. The results suggest that the extract of H. formicarum tuber could serve as a source of an initial active ingredient for developing effective medicines to battle infections caused by pathogens.\u0000HIGHLIGHTS\u0000\u0000Ant plant tuber extract had a strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli\u0000Intracellular component and bacterial membrane were the remarkable target for action of the extract\u0000Dose- and Time-response model for bacterial response to the extract was achieved using Flow cytometry\u0000","PeriodicalId":255195,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128623436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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