Pub Date : 2020-05-02DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.7
S. Crowell, R. Vlisides-Henry, Parisa R. Kaliush
Emotion generation, regulation, and dysregulation are complex constructs that are challenging to define and measure. This chapter reviews prevailing definitions and theories of these constructs and examines the literature across multiple levels of analysis. It adopts a developmental perspective, which guides interpretation of the literature and helps clarify discrepant points of view. The extent to which emotion generation and regulation are separable represents a significant controversy in the field. When viewed as cognitive constructs, it is virtually impossible to disentangle emotion generation and regulation. However, at the biological level, there are important differences in neural structures involved in bottom-up emotion generation processes versus those associated with top-down regulation of emotions. From a developmental perspective, emotions and emotion dysregulation emerge early in life, whereas emotion regulation strategies develop more gradually as a function of maturation and socialization. Future research should continue to reconcile different perspectives on emotion generation, regulation, and dysregulation.
{"title":"Emotion Generation, Regulation, and Dysregulation as Multilevel Transdiagnostic Constructs","authors":"S. Crowell, R. Vlisides-Henry, Parisa R. Kaliush","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.7","url":null,"abstract":"Emotion generation, regulation, and dysregulation are complex constructs that are challenging to define and measure. This chapter reviews prevailing definitions and theories of these constructs and examines the literature across multiple levels of analysis. It adopts a developmental perspective, which guides interpretation of the literature and helps clarify discrepant points of view. The extent to which emotion generation and regulation are separable represents a significant controversy in the field. When viewed as cognitive constructs, it is virtually impossible to disentangle emotion generation and regulation. However, at the biological level, there are important differences in neural structures involved in bottom-up emotion generation processes versus those associated with top-down regulation of emotions. From a developmental perspective, emotions and emotion dysregulation emerge early in life, whereas emotion regulation strategies develop more gradually as a function of maturation and socialization. Future research should continue to reconcile different perspectives on emotion generation, regulation, and dysregulation.","PeriodicalId":256264,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131581132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-02DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.6
Patrick Whitmoyer, R. Prakash
This chapter presents an overview of literature relevant to understanding relations between aging and emotion dysregulation. Although a number of studies suggest that aging leads to shifts in emotion regulation and emotional well-being, the extent to which aging affects emotion dysregulation is less clear. To clarify the effects of aging on emotion dysregulation, this chapter begins by examining shifts in effectiveness of emotion regulation that occur with age, considering pertinent theories, and then expands on these findings by examining more specifically how context appropriateness of emotions, consequences of emotions on behavior, duration of emotions, and etiology and presentation of psychopathology are altered by aging processes. Finally, this chapter concludes by identifying gaps in the literature and recommendations for future empirical endeavors to advance our current understanding of effects of aging on emotion dysregulation.
{"title":"Emotion Dysregulation and Aging","authors":"Patrick Whitmoyer, R. Prakash","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents an overview of literature relevant to understanding relations between aging and emotion dysregulation. Although a number of studies suggest that aging leads to shifts in emotion regulation and emotional well-being, the extent to which aging affects emotion dysregulation is less clear. To clarify the effects of aging on emotion dysregulation, this chapter begins by examining shifts in effectiveness of emotion regulation that occur with age, considering pertinent theories, and then expands on these findings by examining more specifically how context appropriateness of emotions, consequences of emotions on behavior, duration of emotions, and etiology and presentation of psychopathology are altered by aging processes. Finally, this chapter concludes by identifying gaps in the literature and recommendations for future empirical endeavors to advance our current understanding of effects of aging on emotion dysregulation.","PeriodicalId":256264,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123351901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-02DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.21
Gemma T. Wallace, A. Docherty
Psychosis spectrum disorders (PSDs) are complex, highly heritable psychiatric conditions with high economic and societal costs. PSDs have historically been conceptualized as neurocognitive disorders in which psychotic episodes and impairments in social and emotional functioning are attributed to deficits in neurocognition. Although cognitive pathways play an important role in the etiology and presentation of PSDs, recent research suggests that interrelations between cognition and emotion are highly relevant. Moreover, aberrant emotion regulation likely plays a significant role in the presentation of PSDs. Emotion dysregulation (ED) may underlie and exacerbate both negative and positive symptoms in PSDs, such as blunted affect, avolition, disorganized speech and behavior, poor social cognition, and delusions and hallucinations. Advances in measurement of emotion dysregulation—including self-reports, behavioral paradigms, neuroimaging paradigms, and neurophysiological assessment—have informed etiological models of emotion dysregulation in PSDs. This chapter reviews research on emotion regulation and dysregulation in PSDs. Notably, more severe presentations of emotion symptoms and greater emotion regulation impairments are associated with worse outcomes in PSDs. It may therefore be the case that focusing on ED as an early risk factor and intervention target could improve outcomes and prevention approaches for psychotic disorders.
{"title":"Emotion Dysregulation and Psychosis Spectrum Disorders","authors":"Gemma T. Wallace, A. Docherty","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.21","url":null,"abstract":"Psychosis spectrum disorders (PSDs) are complex, highly heritable psychiatric conditions with high economic and societal costs. PSDs have historically been conceptualized as neurocognitive disorders in which psychotic episodes and impairments in social and emotional functioning are attributed to deficits in neurocognition. Although cognitive pathways play an important role in the etiology and presentation of PSDs, recent research suggests that interrelations between cognition and emotion are highly relevant. Moreover, aberrant emotion regulation likely plays a significant role in the presentation of PSDs. Emotion dysregulation (ED) may underlie and exacerbate both negative and positive symptoms in PSDs, such as blunted affect, avolition, disorganized speech and behavior, poor social cognition, and delusions and hallucinations. Advances in measurement of emotion dysregulation—including self-reports, behavioral paradigms, neuroimaging paradigms, and neurophysiological assessment—have informed etiological models of emotion dysregulation in PSDs. This chapter reviews research on emotion regulation and dysregulation in PSDs. Notably, more severe presentations of emotion symptoms and greater emotion regulation impairments are associated with worse outcomes in PSDs. It may therefore be the case that focusing on ED as an early risk factor and intervention target could improve outcomes and prevention approaches for psychotic disorders.","PeriodicalId":256264,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131809325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-02DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190689285.013.28
K. L. Gratz, Courtney N. Forbes, Linnie E. Wheeless, Julia R. Richmond, M. Tull
Self-report assessments remain among the most widely used measures for most psychological constructs, due to their feasibility, ease of administration, low cost, and wide availability. Self-report measures of emotion dysregulation are no exception. This chapter reviews two predominant conceptualizations of emotion dysregulation (one of which focuses on dysregulated emotional responses per se and another that focuses on maladaptive ways of responding to emotions), as well as the empirical support for extant self-report measures of emotion dysregulation consistent with both conceptualizations. Based on this review, the chapter concludes that both emotional responses themselves and an individual’s responses to those emotions may evidence dysregulation and inform our understanding of normal and abnormal development. Finally, future directions for research in this area are discussed, including the need for studies examining the clinical utility of targeting responses to emotions versus emotional experience per se in psychological interventions.
{"title":"Self-Report Assessment of Emotion Dysregulation","authors":"K. L. Gratz, Courtney N. Forbes, Linnie E. Wheeless, Julia R. Richmond, M. Tull","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190689285.013.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190689285.013.28","url":null,"abstract":"Self-report assessments remain among the most widely used measures for most psychological constructs, due to their feasibility, ease of administration, low cost, and wide availability. Self-report measures of emotion dysregulation are no exception. This chapter reviews two predominant conceptualizations of emotion dysregulation (one of which focuses on dysregulated emotional responses per se and another that focuses on maladaptive ways of responding to emotions), as well as the empirical support for extant self-report measures of emotion dysregulation consistent with both conceptualizations. Based on this review, the chapter concludes that both emotional responses themselves and an individual’s responses to those emotions may evidence dysregulation and inform our understanding of normal and abnormal development. Finally, future directions for research in this area are discussed, including the need for studies examining the clinical utility of targeting responses to emotions versus emotional experience per se in psychological interventions.","PeriodicalId":256264,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132299877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-02DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.17
Tiffany M Shader, Theodore P. Beauchaine
As described in the literature for many years, a sizable number of children with hyperactive-impulsive and combined subtypes/presentations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—especially males—progress to more serious externalizing syndromes across development. Such outcomes include oppositional defiant disorder, conduct problems, delinquency, substance use disorders, and in some cases antisocial personality disorder, incarceration, and recidivism. This chapter summarizes a developmental model that emphasizes different contributions of trait impulsivity, a highly heritable, subcortically mediated vulnerability, versus emotion dysregulation, a highly socialized, cortically mediated vulnerability, to externalizing progression. According to this perspective, trait impulsivity confers vulnerability to all externalizing disorders, but this vulnerability is unlikely to progress beyond ADHD in protective environments. In contrast, for children who are reared under conditions of adversity—including poverty, family violence, deviant peer influences, and neighborhood violence/criminality—neurodevelopment of prefrontal cortex structure and function is compromised, resulting in failures to achieve age-expected gains in emotion regulation and other forms of executive control. For these children, subcortical vulnerabilities to trait impulsivity are amplified by deficient cortical modulation, which facilitates progression along the externalizing spectrum.
{"title":"Emotion Dysregulation and Externalizing Spectrum Disorders","authors":"Tiffany M Shader, Theodore P. Beauchaine","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.17","url":null,"abstract":"As described in the literature for many years, a sizable number of children with hyperactive-impulsive and combined subtypes/presentations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—especially males—progress to more serious externalizing syndromes across development. Such outcomes include oppositional defiant disorder, conduct problems, delinquency, substance use disorders, and in some cases antisocial personality disorder, incarceration, and recidivism. This chapter summarizes a developmental model that emphasizes different contributions of trait impulsivity, a highly heritable, subcortically mediated vulnerability, versus emotion dysregulation, a highly socialized, cortically mediated vulnerability, to externalizing progression. According to this perspective, trait impulsivity confers vulnerability to all externalizing disorders, but this vulnerability is unlikely to progress beyond ADHD in protective environments. In contrast, for children who are reared under conditions of adversity—including poverty, family violence, deviant peer influences, and neighborhood violence/criminality—neurodevelopment of prefrontal cortex structure and function is compromised, resulting in failures to achieve age-expected gains in emotion regulation and other forms of executive control. For these children, subcortical vulnerabilities to trait impulsivity are amplified by deficient cortical modulation, which facilitates progression along the externalizing spectrum.","PeriodicalId":256264,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128670690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-02DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.33
Theodore P. Beauchaine, Hunter Hahn, S. Crowell
This chapter discusses themes that emerged while editing the Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation and outlines directions for future research. Although the term emotion dysregulation has at times been used amorphously in the literature, most authors now define the phenomenon as experiences and expressions of emotion that interfere with situationally appropriate, goal-directed behavior. Situational embedding of emotion dysregulation is important given very different expectations of appropriate emotional expression across contexts and cultures. Despite emerging consensus regarding emotion dysregulation as a construct, several challenges lie ahead. Major tasks for the field are to (1) abandon implicit notions of emotion dysregulation in favor of formally operationalized definitions, such as that provided earlier; (2) maintain a clear distinction between emotion dysregulation versus mood dysregulation; (3) map transdiagnostic features of emotion dysregulation across functional domains of behavior such as those instantiated in the Research Domain Criteria matrix and, where appropriate, syndromes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; (4) further develop prevention and treatment programs that systematically target emotion dysregulation across development; and (5) extend emotion dysregulation research to stigmatized groups in an effort to identify mechanisms of mental health disparities. Chapters in this volume address these issues and advance the science of emotion dysregulation in new and exciting ways.
{"title":"Future Directions in Research and Treatment of Emotion Dysregulation","authors":"Theodore P. Beauchaine, Hunter Hahn, S. Crowell","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.33","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses themes that emerged while editing the Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation and outlines directions for future research. Although the term emotion dysregulation has at times been used amorphously in the literature, most authors now define the phenomenon as experiences and expressions of emotion that interfere with situationally appropriate, goal-directed behavior. Situational embedding of emotion dysregulation is important given very different expectations of appropriate emotional expression across contexts and cultures. Despite emerging consensus regarding emotion dysregulation as a construct, several challenges lie ahead. Major tasks for the field are to (1) abandon implicit notions of emotion dysregulation in favor of formally operationalized definitions, such as that provided earlier; (2) maintain a clear distinction between emotion dysregulation versus mood dysregulation; (3) map transdiagnostic features of emotion dysregulation across functional domains of behavior such as those instantiated in the Research Domain Criteria matrix and, where appropriate, syndromes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; (4) further develop prevention and treatment programs that systematically target emotion dysregulation across development; and (5) extend emotion dysregulation research to stigmatized groups in an effort to identify mechanisms of mental health disparities. Chapters in this volume address these issues and advance the science of emotion dysregulation in new and exciting ways.","PeriodicalId":256264,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129042558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-04DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.29
Heather T. Schatten, K. J. Allen, Michael F. Armey
As emotion is a dynamic construct, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods, which gather data at multiple time points in individuals’ real-world environments, in the moment, are particularly well suited to measure emotion dysregulation and related constructs. EMA methods can identify contextual events that prompt or follow an emotional response. This chapter provides an overview of traditional methods of studying emotion dysregulation and how EMA can be used to capture emotion dysregulation in daily life, both within and independent of psychiatric diagnoses. It reviews the literature on emotion dysregulation and related constructs within specific diagnoses (e.g., depression, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and eating disorders) and behaviors (e.g., suicide, nonsuicidal self-injury, and alcohol use). Finally, it discusses future directions in EMA research, as well as its implications for psychological treatment.
{"title":"Assessment of Emotion Dysregulation Using Ecological Momentary Assessment","authors":"Heather T. Schatten, K. J. Allen, Michael F. Armey","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190689285.013.29","url":null,"abstract":"As emotion is a dynamic construct, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods, which gather data at multiple time points in individuals’ real-world environments, in the moment, are particularly well suited to measure emotion dysregulation and related constructs. EMA methods can identify contextual events that prompt or follow an emotional response. This chapter provides an overview of traditional methods of studying emotion dysregulation and how EMA can be used to capture emotion dysregulation in daily life, both within and independent of psychiatric diagnoses. It reviews the literature on emotion dysregulation and related constructs within specific diagnoses (e.g., depression, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and eating disorders) and behaviors (e.g., suicide, nonsuicidal self-injury, and alcohol use). Finally, it discusses future directions in EMA research, as well as its implications for psychological treatment.","PeriodicalId":256264,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116078995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-11DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190689285.013.12
Theodore P. Beauchaine, Ziv E. Bell
Over the past two decades, emotion dysregulation—defined as the inability to dampen strong emotional responses in the service of goal-directed behavior—has emerged as a consistent, transdiagnostic vulnerability to psychopathology. Although specific forms of dysregulated emotion vary across disorders (e.g., exuberance, anger, and related approach emotions in externalizing disorders; anxiety, panic, and related avoidance emotions in internalizing disorders), deficits in dampening emotional responses help define many psychiatric conditions. Peripherally, emotion dysregulation is often marked by low tonic (resting) parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity, as indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). In fact, hundreds of studies conducted to date have found low RSA across diverse forms of psychopathology (e.g., anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, conduct disorder, depression, panic disorder, psychotic disorders). Associations between psychopathology and RSA reactivity to laboratory tasks are less consistent. However, wide variability in tasks and psychophysiological methods may explain some of these inconsistencies. This chapter provides an updated summary of this literature, ending with discussion of methodological issues.
{"title":"Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as a Transdiagnostic Biomarker of Emotion Dysregulation","authors":"Theodore P. Beauchaine, Ziv E. Bell","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190689285.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190689285.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, emotion dysregulation—defined as the inability to dampen strong emotional responses in the service of goal-directed behavior—has emerged as a consistent, transdiagnostic vulnerability to psychopathology. Although specific forms of dysregulated emotion vary across disorders (e.g., exuberance, anger, and related approach emotions in externalizing disorders; anxiety, panic, and related avoidance emotions in internalizing disorders), deficits in dampening emotional responses help define many psychiatric conditions. Peripherally, emotion dysregulation is often marked by low tonic (resting) parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity, as indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). In fact, hundreds of studies conducted to date have found low RSA across diverse forms of psychopathology (e.g., anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, conduct disorder, depression, panic disorder, psychotic disorders). Associations between psychopathology and RSA reactivity to laboratory tasks are less consistent. However, wide variability in tasks and psychophysiological methods may explain some of these inconsistencies. This chapter provides an updated summary of this literature, ending with discussion of methodological issues.","PeriodicalId":256264,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122685866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-11DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190689285.013.16
Mindy A. Brown, Elisabeth Conradt, S. Crowell
Emotion dysregulation is a pervasive clinical problem that likely emerges from complex Gene × Environment interactions across development. Epigenetic processes provide a molecular basis by which genotype interacts with the environment across the lifespan to produce phenotype. Epigenetics is defined by molecular processes occurring on and around the genome that regulate gene activity without changing DNA sequence. This chapter describes how epigenetic mechanisms are assessed and provides a brief review of current research on epigenetics, emotion dysregulation, and associated disorders. It then highlights four biological pathways of interest, the serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine systems and the limbic-hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (L-HPA) axis, and argues that, to advance understanding of the pathophysiology of emotion dysregulation, biological pathways rather than single genes must be measured. The chapter describes challenges for the field of epigenetics and how novel methods could be leveraged to overcome those challenges.
{"title":"Epigenetic Foundations of Emotion Dysregulation","authors":"Mindy A. Brown, Elisabeth Conradt, S. Crowell","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190689285.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190689285.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"Emotion dysregulation is a pervasive clinical problem that likely emerges from complex Gene × Environment interactions across development. Epigenetic processes provide a molecular basis by which genotype interacts with the environment across the lifespan to produce phenotype. Epigenetics is defined by molecular processes occurring on and around the genome that regulate gene activity without changing DNA sequence. This chapter describes how epigenetic mechanisms are assessed and provides a brief review of current research on epigenetics, emotion dysregulation, and associated disorders. It then highlights four biological pathways of interest, the serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine systems and the limbic-hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (L-HPA) axis, and argues that, to advance understanding of the pathophysiology of emotion dysregulation, biological pathways rather than single genes must be measured. The chapter describes challenges for the field of epigenetics and how novel methods could be leveraged to overcome those challenges.","PeriodicalId":256264,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127811847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-07DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190689285.013.15
L. Rappaport, S. Hawn, C. Overstreet, A. Amstadter
Given the critical role that emotion dysregulation plays in many psychiatric disorders, there is a need to understand the biological underpinnings of emotion regulation deficits. This chapter opens with a brief overview of emotion regulation and constructs that fall under its broad umbrella. Next, it provides a brief primer of behavioral genetic research methods, summarizes existing literature regarding the heritability of emotional dysregulation, provides an overview of molecular genetic research methods, and reviews extant molecular genetic literature on emotion regulation. Finally, the chapter reviews the limitations of existing research and identifies promising areas of future inquiry that may clarify the underlying structure of emotion dysregulation and identify the role of common genetic loci in associations between emotion dysregulation and psychopathology.
{"title":"Behavioral and Molecular Genetics of Emotion Dysregulation","authors":"L. Rappaport, S. Hawn, C. Overstreet, A. Amstadter","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190689285.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190689285.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"Given the critical role that emotion dysregulation plays in many psychiatric disorders, there is a need to understand the biological underpinnings of emotion regulation deficits. This chapter opens with a brief overview of emotion regulation and constructs that fall under its broad umbrella. Next, it provides a brief primer of behavioral genetic research methods, summarizes existing literature regarding the heritability of emotional dysregulation, provides an overview of molecular genetic research methods, and reviews extant molecular genetic literature on emotion regulation. Finally, the chapter reviews the limitations of existing research and identifies promising areas of future inquiry that may clarify the underlying structure of emotion dysregulation and identify the role of common genetic loci in associations between emotion dysregulation and psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":256264,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131583849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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