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Activities of non-banking financial institutions in Ukraine under the conditions of marital state 乌克兰非银行金融机构在婚姻状况下的活动
Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.31470/2306-546x-2023-58-99-105
M. Kuzheliev, S. Stabias
The subject of the research is theoretical approaches to the functioning and development of non-banking financial institutions under martial law. The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of the war on the results of the financial activities of non-banking institutions based on a systemic approach and to propose a set of measures to stabilize their activities. Method or methodology of research. The article uses methods of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach, and generalization. Results of the article. The article examines the peculiarities of the functioning of non-banking financial institutions in the conditions of Russia's open aggression against Ukraine. An analysis of the trends in the functioning of the insurance services market during martial law was carried out. The dynamics of indebtedness of members of credit unions and the dynamics of lending by financial companies to borrowers for the period 2019-2022 were studied. The prospects for the development of the market of non-bank financial intermediaries in Ukraine after the end of the war were considered. A SWOT analysis of the activities of non-banking financial institutions in modern conditions was carried out. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the process of streamlining the regulatory framework that regulates the activities of participants in the financial services market of Ukraine. Conclusions. In the conditions of martial law and the need to develop the country after the victory, transactions in the financial services market in general and in the segment of non-banking financial institutions are of particular importance. In Ukraine, there is considerable potential for the development of this subsystem of market relations. Currently, the question of the functioning of the market of non-banking institutions, their full legal and institutional support is open and relevant, but it has certain inhibitions, which are caused by an objective factor - the war in the country.
研究主题是戒严状态下非银行金融机构运作和发展的理论方法。文章的目的是基于系统方法分析战争对非银行机构金融活动结果的影响,并提出一套稳定其活动的措施。研究方法或方法论。文章采用科学抽象、分析综合、系统方法和概括方法。文章的成果。文章研究了在俄罗斯公开侵略乌克兰的条件下非银行金融机构运作的特殊性。对戒严期间保险服务市场的运行趋势进行了分析。研究了 2019-2022 年期间信用社成员的负债动态和金融公司对借款人的贷款动态。研究了战争结束后乌克兰非银行金融中介市场的发展前景。对非银行金融机构在现代条件下的活动进行了 SWOT 分析。成果应用领域。研究结果可用于简化监管乌克兰金融服务市场参与者活动的监管框架。结论。在戒严和胜利后需要发展国家的条件下,金融服务市场的一般交易和非银行金融机 构部分的交易尤为重要。在乌克兰,这一市场关系子系统的发展潜力巨大。目前,非银行机构市场的运作、对其充分的法律和制度支持的问题是开放和相关的,但它有一定的抑制,这是客观因素造成的--国家的战争。
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引用次数: 0
Organisation of accounting for travel agents 旅行社会计组织
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.31470/2306-546x-2023-58-54-60
L. Marmul, Iryna Romanіuk, Oksana Marchenko
The subject of the study is the organisation of accounting for agents in the tourism market and its improvement. The purpose of the article is to identify the activity of agents in the market of tourist services mainly as intermediary and to substantiate, accordingly, the specifics of the organisation and implementation of its accounting, as well as the peculiarities of tax accounting. The methodological basis of the article is based on the following methods: monographic, historical, system-structural analysis and synthesis, accounting, economic comparisons and generalisations. Results of the article. It is determined that travel agents belong to the largest group of providers of tourist services to the population and taxpayers. Therefore, the organisation of accounting is an important component of their activities. The article identifies the problems of accounting related to the nature of the activity (main or intermediary) and its identification, as well as the tax status of travel agents and tour operators. This made it possible to summarise the registers and accounts that can be used in accounting; to classify travel agents as certain classes of taxpayers; and to propose areas for automating accounting work. Ultimately, this will facilitate the receipt of systematic, unbiased information about activities, its provision and effective management decisions on development and competitiveness. Field of application of results. The content and conclusions of the article can be used in the educational process of higher education institutions for the training of students of tourism profile; in the activities of tourism market agents. Conclusions. The organisation and implementation of accounting by travel agents is determined by the content of their activities as mainly intermediary; the predominant number of recorded revenues as transit; taxation of their own income and accounting for taxes at the time of income. This determines a clear and rather limited set of accounts and sub-accounts for accounting entries of the main activity. For tax accounting, it remains important to establish the moment of receipt of own income to choose the options for calculating taxes; to take into account the amount of income to classify travel agents as a particular class of taxpayers. In the future, the improvement of travel agents' accounting should be based on the use of automation, software, and other digital technologies.
研究的主题是旅游市场代理商的会计组织及其改进。文章的目的是确定旅游服务市场中主要作为中介的代理商的活动,并据此证实其会计组织和实施的具体情况,以及税务会计的特殊性。文章的方法论基础基于以下方法:专论、历史、系统结构分析和综合、会计、经济比较和概括。文章的结果确定旅行社属于向居民和纳税人提供旅游服务的最大群体。因此,会计组织是其活动的重要组成部分。文章确定了与活动性质(主要或中介)及其识别有关的会计问题,以及旅行社和旅游经营者的纳税地位。这样就有可能总结出可用于会计核算的登记簿和账目;将旅行社归类为某类纳税人;并提出会计工作自动化的领域。最终,这将有助于获得系统的、无偏见的活动信息、信息的提供以及关于发展和竞争 力的有效管理决策。成果应用领域。文章的内容和结论可用于高等院校培养旅游专业学生的教育过程中,也可用于旅游市场代理商的活动中。结论。旅行社会计的组织和实施是由其活动内容决定的,主要是中介活动;记录的主要收入数量是过境收入;对自己的收入征税和收入时的税收核算。这就为主要活动的会计分录确定了一套明确而又相当有限的账户和分账户。就税务会计而言,重要的仍然是确定收到自有收入的时间,以选择计算税款的办法; 考虑到收入的数额,将旅行社划分为一个特定的纳税人类别。今后,旅行社会计工作的改进应以使用自动化、软件和其他数字技术为基础。
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引用次数: 0
Development of e-commerce in the context of digitalisation of social life 在社会生活数字化背景下发展电子商务
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.31470/2306-546x-2023-58-84-90
M. Ihnatenko, Vitalii Kotsur, Valentyna Aranchii
The subject of the study is the organisational, economic and marketing aspects of the development of the electronic (digital) economy and e-commerce as the most promising segment of modern markets in the context of restrictions on direct contacts and movement of people due to measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and personal safety. The purpose of the article is to study the organisational, economic and marketing aspects of the development of the electronic (digital) economy and e-commerce as the most promising segment of modern markets in the context of restrictions on direct contacts and movement of people due to measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and personal security. The methodological basis of the article is based on the following methods: system-structural analysis and synthesis (in determining the set of factors of influence and its level on the electronic economy and commerce; determining the composition and structure of the digital economy and e-commerce); historical and monographic (in identifying the stages of development and territorial spread of e-commerce); statistical and economic (for establishing and analysing quantitative indicators of the status, trends and prospects of e-commerce development). Results of the article. As a result of the research, it was found that the following are of the greatest importance in the modern digital economy: digitalisation of business processes and organisational structure of enterprises with a view to their optimisation; digitalisation of document flow; and e-commerce. The latter is an independent and most progressive segment of the consumer market. The author identifies the main factors influencing the development of the electronic economy and, in particular, e-commerce; its main components and features of work in the online network; identifies the benefits and problems for organisations, employees and consumers. The scale, trends and prospects for the development of e-commerce are determined on the basis of analysis and synthesis, evaluation and diagnostics of quantitative indicators. Field of application of results. The results of the article can be used by representatives of small businesses that carry out e-commerce or plan to develop it; scientists, teachers and students of higher education institutions. Conclusions. Prospects for the development of e-commerce are associated with the promotion of the following areas and the use of the following tools: improving the institutional support for e-commerce and security (especially personal data) of its participants; involvement of marketing strategies based on their specificity in the online environment; establishing comprehensive aspects of behavioural economics and behavioural finance to monitor and predict and increase demand and form product offers; promotion of mobile commerce through the global.
本研究的主题是:在因 COVID-19 大流行病防治措施和人身安全而限制直接接触和人员流动的背景下,电子(数字)经济和电子商务作为现代市场中最具潜力的部分,其发展的组织、经济和营销方面。文章的目的是研究电子(数字)经济和电子商务发展的组织、经济和营销方面的问题,在因 COVID-19 大流行病防治措施和人身安全而限制人员直接接触和流动的背景下,电子(数字)经济和电子商务是现代市场中最有前途的部分。文章的方法论基础基于以下方法:系统结构分析和综合(确定影响电子经济和商务的一系列因素及其水平;确定数字经济和电子商务的组成和结构);历史和专论(确定电子商务的发展阶段和地域分布);统计和经济(建立和分析电子商务发展现状、趋势和前景的量化指标)。文章的成果。研究结果表明,在现代数字经济中,以下几个方面最为重要:企业业务流程和组织结构的数字化,以优化这些流程和结构;文件流程的数字化;以及电子商务。后者是消费市场中一个独立且最先进的细分市场。作者指出了影响电子经济,特别是电子商务发展的主要因素;其主要组成部分和在线网络工作的特点;指出了对组织、员工和消费者的好处和问题。在对定量指标进行分析和综合、评估和诊断的基础上,确定了电子商务发展的规模、趋势和前景。成果应用领域。文章的成果可供开展电子商务或计划发展电子商务的小型企业代表、科学家、教师和高等院校学生使用。结论电子商务的发展前景与以下领域的推广和以下工具的使用有关:改善对电子商务的机构支持及其参与者的安全(特别是个人数据);根据其在网络环境中的特殊性参与营销战略;建立行为经济学和行为金融学的综合方面,以监测和预测并增加需求和形成产品供应;通过全球推广移动商务。
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引用次数: 0
Benevolence in the functioning system of united territorial communities: communication and management elements 联合领土社区运作系统中的仁爱:沟通和管理要素
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.31470/2306-546x-2023-58-12-16
L. Shimchenko, Iryna Berezanska
The subject of the study is ensuring integrity in the system of functioning of united territorial communities. The purpose of the article is to study the degree of compliance with integrity in the system of administrative and communicative functioning of the OTG in wartime conditions. Research methods. In order to solve the research tasks, methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalization were used, which made it possible to ensure the conceptual unity of the research. Work results. The article examines the ability of local self-government bodies to adhere to the principles of integrity in their work in all its manifestations, both at the managerial and communicative levels, taking into account the peculiarities of wartime. They tried to consider integrity in the activities of the OTG in the context of avoiding double standards, resisting corruption, maximally assisting people in receiving services, developinga mechanism of stability in overcoming crisis phenomena, ensuring a people-centered way of communication and maximum informational openness about management activities and financial expenses. Conclusions. Virtue as a basic principle of the operation of the OTG in war conditions works quite positivelyin the system of regulating numerous crises related to migration and evacuation processes, in relation to internally displaced persons, etc. There are many problems with compliance with the principles of integrity in the field of "open communities" formation, which is connected with honest interaction with donors and humanitarian missions; compliance with norms of decency in the system of using financial resources also requires attention. Norms of integrity are the basis of the new model of governance, therefore the leadership of the OTG in wartime conditions should apply the recommendations of the "new governance", which includes: predictableand joint governance to solve extremely difficult situations; application of the mechanisms of a transparent and responsible attitude to the implementation of strategic planning for reconstruction and development in the postwar period; ensuring the participation of active citizens in the redistribution of state resources at the local level; application of "new ways of thinking in the context of policy formation, which include an orientation towards flexibility rather than stability, towards networks rather than hierarchies, towards partnerships rather than client services in relations between citizens and the state" [1]
研究的主题是确保统一领土社区运作系统的完整性。文章的目的是研究在战时条件下被占领土政府行政和交流运作系统的完整性遵守程度。研究方法。为了完成研究任务,采用了分析、综合和概括的方法,从而确保了研究在概念上的统一性。工作成果。考虑到战时的特殊性,文章研究了地方自治机构在其工作的所有表现形式(包括管理和交流层面)中坚持廉正原则的能力。他们试图从避免双重标准、抵制腐败、最大限度地帮助人民获得服务、建立克服危机现象的稳定机制、确保以人为本的沟通方式以及最大限度地公开管理活动和财务支出信息等方面来考虑地方自治政府活动中的廉正问题。结论。道德作为战争条件下临时自治机构运作的基本原则,在调节与移民和疏散过程有关 的众多危机以及与境内流离失所者等有关的系统中发挥了积极作用。在 "开放社区 "的形成过程中,在遵守廉正原则方面存在许多问题,这与与捐助者和人 道主义特派团的诚实互动有关;在财政资源使用系统中遵守体面准则也需要关注。廉正准则是新治理模式的基础,因此,战时条件下的过渡政府领导层应采用 "新治 理 "的建议,其中包括可预测的联合治理,以解决极端困难的情况;在战后重建和发展战略规划的实施过程中,采用透明和负责任的态度机制;确保积极的公民参与地方一级的国家资源再分配;在政策制定过程中采用 "新的思维方式,其中包括在公民与国家的关系中,注重灵活性而不是稳定性,注重网络而不是等级制度,注重伙伴关系而不是客户服务"[1]。
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引用次数: 0
State financial policy of economic development 国家经济发展财政政策
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.31470/2306-546x-2023-58-24-30
Vadim Khodakovsky
Relevance of the research topic. State financial policy is an important mechanism of economic development. Financial support for the economic development of the state should be based on the use of a set of measures of a balanced budget and tax policy. It is important to improve the mechanisms of state financial policy under the conditions of limited budget resources. Considerable attention of state institutions should be focused on strengthening the stability and capacity of the financial system. Formulation of the problem. State financial policy should be an effective tool for ensuring the development of the economy. Analysis of recent research and publications. The question of the formation and implementation of state financial policy is quite widespread in scientific research. These are the scientific works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: A. Laffer, J. Stiglitz, I. Chugunov, T. Kaneva, L. Lysiak, A. Mazaraki, V. Makogon , M. Pasichnyi, А. Nikitishyn, O. Samoshkina and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of the general problem. The formation and implementation of the state financial policy for the development of the economy is important. It is expedient to implement systemic measures of financial and budgetary regulation taking into account the principles of subsidiarity, transparency and balance, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the use of budget funds. Setting the task, the goal of the research. The main tasks of the study are to reveal the essence of the formation and implementation of the state financial policy for the development of the economy, the main areas of improvement of the financial mechanism of economic development, further development of the system of financial support for the development of the economy based on the use of a set of measures of a balanced budget and tax policy. The purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical foundations and improve the mechanisms of formation and implementation of the state financial policy of economic development. Method or methodology of research. The article uses a set of methods and approaches of scientific research: systemic, factorial, comparative, synthesis, generalization, scientific abstraction and others. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The essence of the formation and implementation of the state financial policy of economic development is disclosed; received further development of the provisions on the system of financial support for the development of the economy based on the use of a set of measures of a balanced budget and tax policy. The theoretical foundations were developed and the financial mechanism of economic development was improved, it was determined that financial policy is an important tool for the development of society, with its help the state has the opportunity to influence the formation and use of financial resources in order to meet public needs. Field of application of results. The results of the research
研究课题的相关性。国家财政政策是经济发展的重要机制。对国家经济发展的财政支持应建立在使用一套平衡预算和税收政策措施的基础上。在预算资源有限的条件下,完善国家财政政策机制非常重要。国家机构应高度重视加强金融体系的稳定性和能力。问题的提出。国家金融政策应成为确保经济发展的有效工具。对近期研究和出版物的分析。国家金融政策的形成和实施问题在科学研究中相当普遍。这些都是国内外著名科学家的科学著作:A. Laffer, J. Stiglitz, I. Chugunov, T. Kaneva, L. Lysiak, A. Mazaraki, V. Makogon , M. Pasichnyi, А.Nikitishyn, O. Samoshkina 等人。突出总体问题中尚未探索的部分。国家金融政策的制定和实施对经济发展具有重要意义。在考虑到辅助性、透明性和平衡性原则的情况下,实施财政和预算监管的系统性措施是适宜的,这将有助于提高预算资金的使用效率。确定研究的任务和目标。研究的主要任务是揭示国家经济发展财政政策形成和实施的本质、完善经济发展财政机制的主要领域、在使用一套平衡预算和税收政策措施的基础上进一步发展财政支持经济发展的体系。研究的目的在于揭示国家经济发展财政政策的理论基础并完善其形成和实施机制。研究方法或方法论。文章采用了一整套科学研究的方法和途径:系统研究法、事实研究法、比较研究法、综合研究法、概括研究法、科学抽象法等。介绍主要材料(工作成果)。揭示了国家经济发展财政政策形成和实施的本质;在使用一套平衡预算和税收政策措施的基础上,进一步发展了财政支持经济发展的制度规定。理论基础得到发展,经济发展的财政机制得到完善,确定了财政政策是社会发展的重要工具,在其帮助下,国家有机会影响财政资源的形成和使用,以满足公共需求。成果应用领域。研究成果可用于国家财政政策的制定和实施过程。文章结论。国家财政政策是影响国家经济发展的重要工具之一。转型变革条件下的重要任务是实施有效的预算和税收政策,提高预算过程的透明度。在制定和实施国家财政政策的过程中,有必要确保恢复经济关系主体对金融体系信任的条件。税收政策制定方法的进一步发展将为提高税收对经济环境影响的适应程度和公共财政管理的质量水平提供机会。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of state budget income in the conditions of economic transformation 经济转型条件下国家预算收入的形成
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.31470/2306-546x-2023-58-61-67
Iryna Liubchak Iryna
Relevance of research topic. Directing the state budget to the military-industrial complex in the conditions of martial law makes more severe demands on the system of forming the revenue part of the budget. The question of increasing the quality level of filling the budget, as a component of macroeconomic balance, has become important. Formulation of the problem. The identification of priority directions for improving the system of budget revenue generation is justified by the need to ensure the filling of the budget, first of all, in order to cover expenses aimed at the defense of the country, financing of social benefits and restoration of the national economy. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problem of the formation of state budget revenues in the conditions of the transformation of the economy is quite widespread. The mentioned problems were studied by the following foreign and domestic scientists: Bayardi D., McNabb K., Laffer A., Paglisi R., Tanzi V., Chugunov I., Lunina I., Mazaraki A., Kaneva T., Makogon V., Oparin V., Pasichnyi M., Nikitishyn A. and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The question of the formation of budget revenues in the conditions of martial law is actualized, because it is the revenue part of the budget that is the basis for covering the costs of defense and security of the country, paying social guarantees to the population, and ensuring an adequate standard of living. The substantiation of the priority directions for improving the income generation system is necessary to ensure socio-economic stability. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The task of the research is to analyze the current state of the formation of the revenue part of the budget. The purpose of the study is to determine priority directions for improving the budget revenue generation system. Method or methodology for conducting research. In the course of the research, a set of methods and approaches was applied: systemic, institutional, structural, comparative, factorial and logical. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The current state of budget revenue formation is analyzed. The priority directions for improving the system of planning and execution of budget revenues have been determined. The field of application of results. The results of the research can be used in the process of forming the revenue part of the budget. Conclusions according to the article. The revenues of the state budget are the financial basis of the functioning of the state, which ensures economic and social stability and an adequate standard of living of the country's population. The introduction of martial law led to a reorientation of the budget to ensure defense and security. In accordance with this issue, the filling of the budget is updated even more, because the financial resources accumulated in the budget are the basis for financing the needs of the military-industrial complex. Therefore, the priori
研究课题的相关性。在戒严条件下将国家预算用于军工综合体对预算收入部分的形成体系提出了更高的要求。作为宏观经济平衡的一个组成部分,提高预算填报质量水平的问题变得十分重要。问题的提出。确定改进预算创收制度的优先方向的理由是,首先需要确保预算的充实,以支付国防、社会福利和恢复国民经济的费用。对近期研究和出版物的分析。在经济转型条件下,国家预算收入的形成问题相当普遍。下列国内外科学家对上述问题进行了研究Bayardi D.、McNabb K.、Laffer A.、Paglisi R.、Tanzi V.、Chugunov I.、Lunina I.、Mazaraki A.、Kaneva T.、Makogon V.、Oparin V.、Pasichnyi M.、Nikitishyn A.等。选择一般问题中尚未探讨的部分。戒严条件下的预算收入形成问题是实际问题,因为预算收入部分是支付国家国防和安全费用、向居民提供社会保障和确保适当生活水平的基础。为确保社会经济稳定,有必要确定改善创收系统的优先方向。 确定任务,研究目的。研究任务是分析预算收入部分的形成现状。研究目的是确定改进预算收入形成体系的优先方向。开展研究的方法或手段。在研究过程中采用了一系列方法和手段:系统方法、制度方法、结构方法、比较方 法、事实方法和逻辑方法。主要材料(工作成果)的介绍。分析了预算收入形成的现状。确定了改进预算收入规划和执行系统的优先方向。成果的应用领域。研究成果可用于预算收入部分的形成过程。文章结论。国家预算收入是国家运转的财政基础,它确保了经济和社会的稳定以及全国人民适当的生活水平。戒严令的实施导致预算方向的调整,以确保国防和安全。根据这一问题,对预算的填报进行了进一步更新,因为预算中积累的财政资源是为军工综合体的需求提供资金的基础。因此,改进预算填报制度的优先方向是为国家经济发展创造适当的条件。
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引用次数: 0
Higher education and r&d system in the Republic of Moldova: challenges and potential for growth 摩尔多瓦共和国的高等教育和研发体系:挑战与发展潜力
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.31470/2306-546x-2023-58-106-113
Alla Levitskaia, Nadejda Ianioglo
Purpose of the study –  and critical assessment of the quality assurance system of higher education in the Republic of Moldova in the context of European integration process. The objectives of this study: analysis of the current state of the higher education system in the Republic of Moldova; comparative analysis of quality assurance of higher education in Moldova and EU countries. Research methods includes system approach, analysis and synthesis, logical generalization and analogies and foreign scientists and leading experts, analytical materials on the research problem. The analysis of recent studies and publications despite the existing scientific research, the issues of quality assurance of higher education do not lose their relevance and require further study. The results of this study can be used by stakeholders to promote the development and improvement of the quality assurance system for higher education and research in the context of the country's European integration, as well as for the formation of quality assurance strategies in the universities of the Republic of Moldova.
研究目的--在欧洲一体化进程背景下对摩尔多瓦共和国高等教育质量保障体系进行批判性评估。本研究的目标:分析摩尔多瓦共和国高等教育体系的现状;对摩尔多瓦和欧盟国家的高等教育质量保障体系进行比较分析。研究方法包括系统方法、分析和综合、逻辑归纳和类比以及外国科学家和主要专家、研究问题的分析材料。尽管已有科学研究,但通过对近期研究和出版物的分析,高等教育质量保证问题并没有失去其现实意义,还需要进一步研究。利益相关者可以利用本研究的成果,在国家融入欧洲的背景下促进高等教育和研究质量保障体系的发展和完善,并在摩尔多瓦共和国的大学中形成质量保障战略。
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引用次数: 0
Economic initiatives of the first President of independent Ukraine in the context of the study of periodicals . 从期刊研究角度看乌克兰独立后首任总统的经济举措 .
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.31470/2306-546x-2023-58-123-132
Y. Kostyk
The subject of researchis: economic initiatives of the first President of independent Ukraine through the prism of studying periodicals. The purpose of the scientific articleis to investigate the economic initiatives of the first President of independent Ukraine through the prism of studying the periodicals of 1991-1994. Research methods. All components of the research are based on the main principles – sientificity, historicism, objectivity, systematicity, development, the priority of concrete truth, pluralism, as well asmethods of learning socio-economic processes of social development-analysis, synthesis, problem-chronological, comparative-analytical, archeographical, content-analysis,retrospective, statistical,system andintegrated approach. Work methodology. In the process of researching the specified issues, we took as a basis the main provisions: the history of Ukraine, economic history and the history of economic thought, the work of domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners in the specified field, Fund of the Presidents of Ukraine (iinterview, speeches of the President of Ukraine L.M. Kravchuk in front of domestic and foreign mass media), materials of the information service of the President of Ukraine, etc. Work results. In the context of the mentioned problems, we investigatedeconomic initiatives of the first President of independent Ukraine through the prism of studying periodicals. Field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the field of studying the problems of economic history and the history of economic thought, the history of the development of the national economy, and the history of Ukraine. Conclusions. So, researchof the economic initiatives of the first President of independent Ukraine through the prism of studying the periodicals of 1991-1994 gives reason to assert that Leonid Makarovych quite clearly understood what the economic course of a young independent state should socially oriented market economy, which proclaims the diversity and equality of all forms of ownership, including private ownership of the means of production, establishes the rights of the state to conduct its own economic policy, create its own budget, tax and banking system, monetary unit, labor market, valuable papers, as well asassistance to foreign investors, in particular, foreign business entities should have equal rights with domestic entrepreneurs, including property rights, reinvestment and repatriation of the corresponding share of profit with preferential taxation. Along with constant willingness to develop various ties with Western partners, priority and vital importance for L. M. Kravchuk remained all forms and directions of economic cooperation with sovereign republics. It should be noted that the outlined issues remain open because of the researchinitiatives of the first President of independent Ukraine, will provide an opportunity to follow the peculiarities of the formation and development of the i
文章的目的是通过对 1991-1994 年期刊的研究,探讨乌克兰独立后首任总统的经济举措。研究方法。研究的所有组成部分都基于以下主要原则--科学性、历史性、客观性、系统性、发展性、具体真理优先、多元化,以及社会发展的社会经济过程的研究方法--分析法、综合法、问题--时间顺序法、比较--分析法、考古学法、内容--分析法、回顾法、统计法、系统法和综合法。工作方法。在研究特定问题的过程中,我们以下列主要规定为基础:乌克兰历史、经济史和经济思想史、国内外科学家和从业人员在特定领域的工作、乌克兰总统基金(访谈、乌克兰总统列-米-克拉夫丘克在国内外媒体前的讲话)、乌克兰总统新闻处的材料等。工作成果。在上述问题的背景下,我们通过对期刊的研究,对乌克兰独立后首任总统的经济举措进行了调查。成果的应用领域。本研究成果可用于研究经济史和经济思想史问题、国民经济发展史和乌克兰历史。结论。因此,通过对 1991-1994 年期刊的研究,对乌克兰独立后第一任总统的经济倡 议进行的研究使我们有理由断言,列昂尼德-马卡洛维奇非常清楚地认识到一个年轻 的独立国家的经济发展方向应该是以社会为导向的市场经济,它宣称所有形式的所有 权,包括生产资料私有制的多样性和平等性、规定国家有权执行自己的经济政策,建立自己的预算、税收和银行体系、货币单位、劳动力市场、有价值的文件,以及为外国投资者提供帮助,特别是外国商业实体应享有与国内企业家平等的权利,包括财产权、再投资和以优惠税收汇回相应份额的利润。克拉夫丘克始终愿意与西方伙伴发展各种关系,但他认为与主权共和国开展各种形式和方向的经济合作仍然是优先事项和至关重要的问题。需要指出的是,由于乌克兰独立后首任总统的研究倡议,上述问题仍未解决,这将为研究总统制度形成和发展的特殊性及其对国家建设进程(包括经济进程)的影响提供机会。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of innovative EU approaches to regulatory policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas 实施欧盟监管政策的创新方法,促进农业生产和农村地区的发展
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.31470/2306-546x-2023-58-91-98
G. Studinska, Volodymyr Studinski
The study of the experience of the European Union in solving the problems of the weak development of agriculture as a sensitive sector and the polarization of the socio-economic living conditions of residents in rural areas has an applied value for the implementation of this experience in Ukraine, which determines the relevance and novelty of this research. The object of the research is the tools of the state innovation policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas of the EU. The subject of this study is the experience of the European Union in supporting the development of agriculture, as a sensitive industry, and increased support for the development of certain depressed regions of the EU in order to reduce their socio-economic depolarization. The purpose of this work is to justify the need to strengthen state policy and its tools for the innovative development of agricultural production and rural areas on the example of the settlement of relevant issues in the European Union. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of practical application of the recommendations regarding the definition of instruments of the state innovation policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas in Ukraine. To achieve the goal, the following were used: а systematic analysis of the evolution of solving the issue of the common agricultural policy of the European Union, which contributed to the formation of recommendations for the definition of innovative tools of state policy for the development of agricultural production and rural areas in Ukraine; management approach - to strengthen the control function of state management in the implementation of state programs related to the support of agriculture as a sensitive industry and the development of rural areas. Conclusions. The development of sensitive industries in each country has not only economic, but also social and political significance, since it is about preserving jobs, consumer opportunities of the population, generating GDP and deducting taxes to the local and state budget, reducing the depolarization of economic growth between individual regions and strata population, and, therefore, socio-political peace in the state. The multifacetedness of this issue affects the decisions of the governments of countries and international integration groups, in particular the EU, whose experience is very useful for research and further implementation in Ukraine. The starting point for the effectiveness of the Program for the Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Industry in Ukraine is a comprehensive approach to solving the problems of increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural production and leveling significant disparities in the socio-economic development of rural areas. These tasks are two sides of the same problem, due to the neglect of which it is possible not only to lose a large number of small and medium-sized Ukrainian vill
研究欧盟在解决作为敏感部门的农业发展薄弱和农村地区居民社会经济生活条件两极分化问题方面的经验对在乌克兰实施这一经验具有应用价值,这决定了本研究的相关性和新颖性。研究对象是欧盟发展农业生产和农村地区的国家创新政策工具。本研究的主题是欧盟在支持作为敏感产业的农业发展方面的经验,以及加大对欧盟某些贫困地区发展的支持,以减少其社会经济两极分化。这项工作的目的是以欧盟解决相关问题的实例为基础,证明有必要加强国家政策及其工具,以促进农业生产和农村地区的创新发展。研究结果的实际意义在于可以实际应用有关确定乌克兰农业生产和农村地区发展的国家创新政策工具的建议。为实现这一目标,采用了以下方法:а 系统分析解决欧盟共同农业政策问题的演变,这有助于形成关于确定发展乌克兰农业生产和农村地区的国家政策创新工具的建议;管理方法--加强国家管理部门在实施与支持农业作为敏感产业和农村地区发展有关的国家计划时的控制职能。结论。每个国家敏感产业的发展不仅具有经济意义,还具有社会和政治意义,因为它关系到保住工作岗位、居民的消费机会、创造国内生产总值、为地方和国家预算减税、减少各地区和各阶层人口之间经济增长的两极分化,因此也关系到国家的社会政治和平。这一问题的多面性影响着各国政府和国际一体化集团(尤其是欧盟)的决策,欧盟的经验对乌克兰的研究和进一步实施非常有益。乌克兰农业产业可持续发展方案》有效性的出发点是全面解决提高乌克 兰农业生产竞争力和缩小农村地区社会经济发展差距的问题。这些任务是同一问题的两个方面,如果忽视了这两个方面,不仅有可能失去大量的乌克兰中小型村庄,而且还有可能面临粮食不安全的事实,这威胁到乌克兰的国家安全。在实施《乌克兰农业可持续发展方案》的过程中,需要特别关注控制职能,必须长期和高质量地履行这一职能。
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引用次数: 0
Budget policy in the conditions of economic transformations 经济转型条件下的预算政策
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.31470/2306-546x-2023-58-5-11
Anton Zharikov
Relevance of the research topic. The formation of the budget plays an important role in the system of state financial support for the socio-economic development of the country. The effectiveness of budget policy is determined by the level of development of financial and budgetary institutions aimed at economic growth. It is important to determine the economic essence and directions of budget policy as a tool for economic growth, the introduction of effective budget mechanisms in the conditions of economic transformations. Formulation of the problem. Budgetary policy in the conditions of economic transformations should be an effective tool for solving the main tasks of the socio-economic development of the country. Analysis of recent research and publications. The question of the formation and implementation of budget policy is quite widespread in scientific research. These are the scientific works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: Sh. Blancart, P. Samuelson, I. Chugunov, T. Kaneva, L. Lysiak, I. Lukyanenko, A. Mazaraki, V. Makogon, V. Oparin, M. Pasichnyi, O. Samoshkina, V. Fedosov and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of the general problem. In the conditions of economic transformations, it is important to form and implement the budget policy as an effective tool for the socio-economic developmentof the country. Further development of the budget planning and execution system, improvement of the budget mechanism in conditions of limited budget resources is expedient. Setting the task, the goal of the research. The main tasks of the study are to reveal the essence of the formation and implementation of the budget policy in the conditions of economic transformations, the main directions of improvement of the budget mechanism of the socio-economic development of the country, thefurther development of the budget planning and execution system in the conditions of limited budget resources. The purpose of the study is to reveal the theoretical foundations and improve the mechanisms of budget policy formation and implementation in the conditions of economic transformations. Method or methodology of research. The article uses a set of methods and approaches of scientific research: systemic, factorial, comparative, synthesis, generalization, scientific abstraction and others. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The essence of the formation and implementation of budget policy in the conditions of economic transformations is revealed; received further development of provisions regarding the budget planning and implementation system in conditions of limited budget resources. The theoretical foundations have been developed and the mechanisms for the formation and implementation of the budgetary policy of the socio-economic development of the country have been developed, it has been determined that the architecture of the budgetary policy should create institutional conditions for the functioning of the budgetary mechanism in order
研究课题的相关性。预算的形成在国家财政支持社会经济发展的体系中发挥着重要作用。预算政策的有效性取决于以经济增长为目标的财政和预算机构的发展水平。必须确定预算政策作为经济增长工具的经济本质和方向,在经济转型条件下引入有效的预算机制。问题的提出。经济转型条件下的预算政策应成为解决国家社会经济发展主要任务的有效工具。对近期研究和出版物的分析。预算政策的形成和实施问题在科学研究中非常普遍。这些都是国内外著名科学家的科研成果:Sh. Blancart、P. Samuelson、I. Chugunov、T. Kaneva、L. Lysiak、I. Lukyanenko、A. Mazaraki、V. Makogon、V. Oparin、M. Pasichnyi、O. Samoshkina、V. Fedosov 等。突出一般问题中尚未探索的部分。在经济转型条件下,重要的是制定和执行预算政策,将其作为国家社会经济发展的有效工具。在预算资源有限的条件下,进一步发展预算规划和执行系统、改进预算机制是当务之急。确定研究的任务和目标。研究的主要任务是揭示经济转型条件下预算政策形成和实施的本质,国家社会经济发展预算机制改进的主要方向,在有限预算资源条件下预算规划和执行系统的进一步发展。研究的目的在于揭示经济转型条件下预算政策形成和执行的理论基础和完善机制。研究方法或方法论。文章采用了一整套科学研究的方法和手段:系统研究法、事实研究法、比较研究法、综合研究法、概括研究法、科学抽象法等。介绍主要材料(工作成果)。揭示了在经济转型条件下预算政策形成和执行的本质;进一步发展了在预算资源有限条件下的预算规划和执行系统的规定。建立了国家社会经济发展预算政策形成和实施的理论基础和机制,确定了预算政策的架构应为预算机制的运行创造制度条件,以有效影响经济增长、社会全面发展和提高人民福祉。研究结果可用于预算政策的形成和实施过程。文章结论在预算资源有限的条件下,有效使用预算资金是预算规划和执行的重要问题之一,而解决这 一问题的重要步骤是完善预算支出管理制度,提高资金使用效率。戒严条件下国家社会经济发展的预算机制应切实有效地实现国家发展的经济、社会和国防优先事项,这涉及预算支出的规划和预算资金的使用结果。
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引用次数: 0
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University Economic Bulletin
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