Since the end of the Cold War Russia has been treated as a defeated state. Western countries usually perceive Russia not only as a defeated state but also relating it to Soviet Union. Beyond that the West has Orientalized Russia, segregating it from the “western club” of developed states. But Russia’s recovery from the collapse of the 90’s made it more assertive towards the West. It’s proposed here that this assertiveness is due to it’s orientalization, it’s inferior status perceived by the West. The inferior perception by the West has triggered a process of identity’s reconstruction which will be analyzed through a perspective of ontological security. The more Russia has it’s great power status denied, the more aggressive it becomes regarding it’s foreign policy. As the international hierarchy continues to treat Russia as that of “behind” the modern states, and the more it feels marginalized, it will double down on efforts to regain its great power status it will have to dispose power. Russia’s ontological insecurity might lead it to a path of aggressiveness.
{"title":"Russia living from its past","authors":"I. Gama","doi":"10.33674/2201911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/2201911","url":null,"abstract":"Since the end of the Cold War Russia has been treated as a defeated state.\u0000Western countries usually perceive Russia not only as a defeated state but also\u0000relating it to Soviet Union. Beyond that the West has Orientalized Russia,\u0000segregating it from the “western club” of developed states. But Russia’s\u0000recovery from the collapse of the 90’s made it more assertive towards the\u0000West. It’s proposed here that this assertiveness is due to it’s orientalization,\u0000it’s inferior status perceived by the West. The inferior perception by the West\u0000has triggered a process of identity’s reconstruction which will be analyzed\u0000through a perspective of ontological security. The more Russia has it’s great\u0000power status denied, the more aggressive it becomes regarding it’s foreign\u0000policy. As the international hierarchy continues to treat Russia as that of\u0000“behind” the modern states, and the more it feels marginalized, it will double\u0000down on efforts to regain its great power status it will have to dispose power.\u0000Russia’s ontological insecurity might lead it to a path of aggressiveness.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130731340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Krzysztof Surdyk, Konflikt ukraiński w rozgrywkach geopolitycznych, Difin, Warszawa 2018,","authors":"Leszek Sykulski","doi":"10.33674/2201825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/2201825","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129750889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstrakt: Współczesne zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa, a w szczególności konflikty asymetryczne (włączając działania terrorystyczne) i prowadzenie wojen hybrydowych, dotyczą również służb ratownictwa medycznego oraz systemu służby zdrowia. Autor w swojej pracy skupia się na potrzebie wykonania studium możliwości obecnie dostępnych rozwiązań w realiach ratownictwa medycznego w Polsce, jak i wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej. Przeprowadza ogólną analizę zagrożeń oraz opisuje w jaki sposób ratownictwo medyczne przeniknęło do służb odpowiedzialnych za utrzymanie porządku publicznego i wojska (w tym jednostek specjalnych i wojsk obrony terytorialnej) oraz zespołów ratownictwa medycznego. Abstract: Modern safety threats - in particular with regard to asymmetric warfare (including terrorism activities) and hybrid wars - are related also to emergency medical services and health service system with all their facilities. Author at this study, focused on a need to implement a dissertation of available capabilities for emergency medical services accessible in Poland and selected European Union countries. Implement general threat’s analysis and describe how „tactical medicine” penetrated Law Enforcement, Military (including Special Forces and Territorial Army) and Emergency Medical Services.
{"title":"WSPÓŁCZESNE ZAGROŻENIA DLA SŁUŻB RATOWNICTWA MEDYCZNEGO W KONTEKŚCIE KONFLIKTÓW ASYMETRYCZNYCH","authors":"M. Czerwiński","doi":"10.33674/220189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/220189","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrakt:\u0000Współczesne zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa, a w szczególności konflikty asymetryczne (włączając działania terrorystyczne) i prowadzenie wojen hybrydowych, dotyczą również służb ratownictwa medycznego oraz systemu służby zdrowia. Autor w swojej pracy skupia się na potrzebie wykonania studium możliwości obecnie dostępnych rozwiązań w realiach ratownictwa medycznego w Polsce, jak i wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej. Przeprowadza ogólną analizę zagrożeń oraz opisuje w jaki sposób ratownictwo medyczne przeniknęło do służb odpowiedzialnych za utrzymanie porządku publicznego i wojska (w tym jednostek specjalnych i wojsk obrony terytorialnej) oraz zespołów ratownictwa medycznego.\u0000\u0000Abstract:\u0000Modern safety threats - in particular with regard to asymmetric warfare (including terrorism activities) and hybrid wars - are related also to emergency medical services and health service system with all their facilities. Author at this study, focused on a need to implement a dissertation of available capabilities for emergency medical services accessible in Poland and selected European Union countries. Implement general threat’s analysis and describe how „tactical medicine” penetrated Law Enforcement, Military (including Special Forces and Territorial Army) and Emergency Medical Services.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127021417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Looking beyond the results of 9/11 wars in Afghanistan and in Iraq it is obvious that the attention of the American nation as well as of world society is focused on the future. The international political arena is concentrated on new asymmetric challenges and conventional warfare. What is now described as asymmetrical warfare is by no means a new phenomenon in military history or in the American experience. There are some situations, when opposing military forces choose completely different positions and approaches to warfare and it dates back to the first military encounters between armed forces (particularly since the end of the Cold War). What is Asymmetric warfare and why its emergence is so important in the contemporary world? The answers to these question will be answered in this paper.
{"title":"ASYMMETRIC CHALLENGES AND THEIR IMPACT ON CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS","authors":"Eka Beraia","doi":"10.33674/2201814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/2201814","url":null,"abstract":"Looking beyond the results of 9/11 wars in Afghanistan and in Iraq it is obvious that the attention of the American nation as well as of world society is focused on the future. The international political arena is concentrated on new asymmetric challenges and conventional warfare. What is now described as asymmetrical warfare is by no means a new phenomenon in military history or in the American experience. There are some situations, when opposing military forces choose completely different positions and approaches to warfare and it dates back to the first military encounters between armed forces (particularly since the end of the Cold War). What is Asymmetric warfare and why its emergence is so important in the contemporary world? The answers to these question will be answered in this paper.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123073978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present article, we aim to present a critical analysis of China’s rise to the position of global power in the international scenario focused on some related political inflexions in Latin America. Holding on a qualitative methodology, based on the analysis of primary and secondary sources, we argue that China’s rise and its growing presence in Latin America, mostly regarding commercial and financial flows and also infrastructural project, is reinforcing a neo-extractivist paradigm the new hegemonic model of development for the region. This process has been generating a series of social and environmental conflicts, providing us a space to discuss the ambivalence and the contradictions presented in Chinese discourse, which alludes to the establishment of a pacific world order that is committed to ecologic sustainability, win-win relations, and the harmonious development of the actors in the international scenario. This work will be critically oriented by some concepts presented in contemporary Latin American developmental thought. Some examples are neoextractivism, com-modity consensus and reprimarization. For us to better situate the discussion, some illustrative cases will be brought to the fore
{"title":"The Dragon and the Condor: China’s rise and Latin America’s developmental anxieties","authors":"H. Gasperin, L. Guerra","doi":"10.33674/220198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/220198","url":null,"abstract":"In the present article, we aim to present a critical analysis of China’s rise\u0000to the position of global power in the international scenario focused on\u0000some related political inflexions in Latin America. Holding on a qualitative\u0000methodology, based on the analysis of primary and secondary sources, we\u0000argue that China’s rise and its growing presence in Latin America, mostly\u0000regarding commercial and financial flows and also infrastructural project,\u0000is reinforcing a neo-extractivist paradigm the new hegemonic model\u0000of development for the region. This process has been generating a series\u0000of social and environmental conflicts, providing us a space to discuss the\u0000ambivalence and the contradictions presented in Chinese discourse, which\u0000alludes to the establishment of a pacific world order that is committed\u0000to ecologic sustainability, win-win relations, and the harmonious development\u0000of the actors in the international scenario. This work will be critically\u0000oriented by some concepts presented in contemporary Latin American\u0000developmental thought. Some examples are neoextractivism, com-modity\u0000consensus and reprimarization. For us to better situate the discussion, some\u0000illustrative cases will be brought to the fore","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"20 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120985834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstrakt: Napięte stosunki między Federacją Rosyjską a Zachodem, konflikty, wyraźnie interpretowane jako wojna hybrydowa prowadzona przez Rosjan w krajach, w których interesy Rosji i Zachodu zderzają się (głównie na Ukrainie), kwestionują skalę i rodzaj rosyjskiego zaangażowania na Bałkanach - obszarze tradycyjnego wielowymiarowego konfliktu między Wschodem i Zachodem, w którym destabilizacja stanowi klucz do odbudowy równowagi sił w całej Europie Środkowej. Artykuł analizuje formy rosyjskiej obecności w krajach bałkańskich - zwłaszcza na obszarze post-jugosłowiańskim - działalność gospodarczą rosyjskich służb specjalnych, wywiadowcze operacje ofensywne w Serbii, Czarnogórze, Macedonii, powiązania Moskwy z procesami politycznymi i wojną medialną sprzyjającą radykalizacji społecznej i wzrostowi nastrojów prorosyjskich. Abstract: Currently strained relations between the Russian Federation and the West, conflicts clearly interpreted as hybrid warfare led by the Russians in countries in which the interests of Russia and the West (mainly Ukraine) are overwhelming, question the scale and type of Russian involvement in the Balkans - the area of traditional multidimensional conflict between East and West, in whose destabilization lies the key to the reconstruction of the balance of power throughout Central Europe. The article examines the forms of Russian presence in the Balkan states - especially post-Yugoslavian - Russia's economic activity of its special services, intelligence offensive operations in Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia in the last few years, Moscow's links with political processes and the targeting of media messages favouring social radicalization and increase in pro-Russian moods.
{"title":"CZY ROSJA PROWADZI NA BAŁKANACH WOJNĘ HYBRYDOWĄ?","authors":"W. Szczepański","doi":"10.33674/220182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/220182","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrakt:\u0000Napięte stosunki między Federacją Rosyjską a Zachodem, konflikty, wyraźnie interpretowane jako wojna hybrydowa prowadzona przez Rosjan w krajach, w których interesy Rosji i Zachodu zderzają się (głównie na Ukrainie), kwestionują skalę i rodzaj rosyjskiego zaangażowania na Bałkanach - obszarze tradycyjnego wielowymiarowego konfliktu między Wschodem i Zachodem, w którym destabilizacja stanowi klucz do odbudowy równowagi sił w całej Europie Środkowej. Artykuł analizuje formy rosyjskiej obecności w krajach bałkańskich - zwłaszcza na obszarze post-jugosłowiańskim - działalność gospodarczą rosyjskich służb specjalnych, wywiadowcze operacje ofensywne w Serbii, Czarnogórze, Macedonii, powiązania Moskwy z procesami politycznymi i wojną medialną sprzyjającą radykalizacji społecznej i wzrostowi nastrojów prorosyjskich.\u0000\u0000Abstract:\u0000Currently strained relations between the Russian Federation and the West, conflicts clearly interpreted as hybrid warfare led by the Russians in countries in which the interests of Russia and the West (mainly Ukraine) are overwhelming, question the scale and type of Russian involvement in the Balkans - the area of traditional multidimensional conflict between East and West, in whose destabilization lies the key to the reconstruction of the balance of power throughout Central Europe. The article examines the forms of Russian presence in the Balkan states - especially post-Yugoslavian - Russia's economic activity of its special services, intelligence offensive operations in Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia in the last few years, Moscow's links with political processes and the targeting of media messages favouring social radicalization and increase in pro-Russian moods.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129776682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the paper, we discuss a very complex and contestable idea, proposed and developed by us already for several years, about strengthening the uneasy political, economic, social, cultural and most significantly – security relationships between the three South Caucasian countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, towards forming new geopolitical centre in the south-eastern shore of the Black Sea, or more precisely, just in the middle of the Black and Caspian Seas; in one of the most important and complicated regions in the world. The South Caucasian Union (SCU) concept has quite reasonable historical roots and although not successful enough until now, however certain examples, which could serve as preconditions, whether predispositions more: the existence of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR) (22 April-28 May 1918) and even the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Transcaucasian SFSR or TSFSR) (1922-1936). Along with the corresponding consideration of the region’s hardest internal conflicts, at the same time globally so meaningful, and especially almost the dilemmatic dispute of Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh (NK), but not limited to, we have drawn some feasible conflict-resolution scenarios under the effective SCU model, which ensuring first of all security or in particular, protection of independence and sovereignty of the South Caucasian states as their basic interests, is to logically counterweight any threats coming from bigger, more powerful and ambitious regional competitors, whether dominants and due to evident aggression, from – Russia, in specific.
{"title":"THE SOUTH CAUCASIAN UNION – CHALLENGING GEOPOLITICAL CONCEPT REVISITED","authors":"Khatuna Chapichadze","doi":"10.33674/201912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/201912","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, we discuss a very complex and contestable idea, proposed and developed by us already for several years, about strengthening the uneasy political, economic, social, cultural and most significantly – security relationships between the three South Caucasian countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, towards forming new geopolitical centre in the south-eastern shore of the Black Sea, or more precisely, just in the middle of the Black and Caspian Seas; in one of the most important and complicated regions in the world. The South Caucasian Union (SCU) concept has quite reasonable historical roots and although not successful enough until now, however certain examples, which could serve as preconditions, whether predispositions more: the existence of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR) (22 April-28 May 1918) and even the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Transcaucasian SFSR or TSFSR) (1922-1936). Along with the corresponding consideration of the region’s hardest internal conflicts, at the same time globally so meaningful, and especially almost the dilemmatic dispute of Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh (NK), but not limited to, we have drawn some feasible conflict-resolution scenarios under the effective SCU model, which ensuring first of all security or in particular, protection of independence and sovereignty of the South Caucasian states as their basic interests, is to logically counterweight any threats coming from bigger, more powerful and ambitious regional competitors, whether dominants and due to evident aggression, from – Russia, in specific.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"21 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127121980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the Caucasus and Central Asia states there is a serious threat of extremism and terrorism. The geopolitical situation in these countries is caused by the influence of zones of political instability and conflicts. These zones are Afghanistan, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, Near and Middle East, including Syria and Iraq. For these countries, the terrorist threat is very high. Counteraction to the terrorist threats due to the cross-border nature, in particular, their focus on other regions of the modern world and intersection with non-traditional security challenges (including poorly controlled migration processes, organized crime and the drug mafia) require strengthening of the interaction of post-Soviet states in the sphere of security. The article tells about the actions against terrorist groups in several countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus, such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan and Georgia.
{"title":"TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS, ASYMMETRIC CONFLICTS AND THE FIGHT AGAINST THEM IN THE POST-SOVIET STATES","authors":"L. Gusev","doi":"10.33674/2201822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/2201822","url":null,"abstract":"For the Caucasus and Central Asia states there is a serious threat of extremism and terrorism. The geopolitical situation in these countries is caused by the influence of zones of political instability and conflicts. These zones are Afghanistan, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, Near and Middle East, including Syria and Iraq. For these countries, the terrorist threat is very high. Counteraction to the terrorist threats due to the cross-border nature, in particular, their focus on other regions of the modern world and intersection with non-traditional security challenges (including poorly controlled migration processes, organized crime and the drug mafia) require strengthening of the interaction of post-Soviet states in the sphere of security. The article tells about the actions against terrorist groups in several countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus, such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan and Georgia.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129494528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The article deals with new type of asymmetric warfare and hybrid war. The potential threats in international politics and global security issues, Euro-Atlantic Alliance policy of fighting against terrorism. A serious challenge to modern security creates many problems around the world. The beginning of the twenty-first century was marked by proliferation of hybrid wars, held between flexible and sophisticated adversaries engaged in asymmetric conflicts using various forms. The hybrid war is caused by a hybrid threat, a blend of military and non-military assets and operations, terrorism, guerrilla tactics, criminality and cyber attacks. The use of hybrid type tactics can ensure the achievement of the main objectives of an international actor, with a minimum of effort, usually without using the force, and can deny to the target/victim the possibility to take any defensive actions. The complexity, diversity, the nature and dynamics of contemporary conflicts represent challenges that should be widely studied. The war, be it ancient or modern, hybrid or not, is always complex and cannot be described by a single adjective. The work focuses on the role of NATO in ensuring peace worldwide in the context of new asymmetric threats. The aim of the research topic: analyzing global challenges, which pose a serious threat to international security.
{"title":"ASYMMETRICAL THREATS AND THE IMPACT OF HYBRID WAR ON GLOBAL SECURITY AND ROLE OF NATO IN ENSURING PEACE","authors":"Alika Guchua","doi":"10.33674/2201811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/2201811","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000The article deals with new type of asymmetric warfare and hybrid war. The potential threats in international politics and global security issues, Euro-Atlantic Alliance policy of fighting against terrorism. A serious challenge to modern security creates many problems around the world. The beginning of the twenty-first century was marked by proliferation of hybrid wars, held between flexible and sophisticated adversaries engaged in asymmetric conflicts using various forms. The hybrid war is caused by a hybrid threat, a blend of military and non-military assets and operations, terrorism, guerrilla tactics, criminality and cyber attacks. The use of hybrid type tactics can ensure the achievement of the main objectives of an international actor, with a minimum of effort, usually without using the force, and can deny to the target/victim the possibility to take any defensive actions. The complexity, diversity, the nature and dynamics of contemporary conflicts represent challenges that should be widely studied. The war, be it ancient or modern, hybrid or not, is always complex and cannot be described by a single adjective. The work focuses on the role of NATO in ensuring peace worldwide in the context of new asymmetric threats. The aim of the research topic: analyzing global challenges, which pose a serious threat to international security.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123026890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HANNO BRANKAMP, HEGEMONIC MASCULINITY, VICTIMHOOD AND MALE BODIES AS ‘BATTLEFIELDS’ IN EASTERN DR CONGO, “IREFLECT – STUDENT JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS”","authors":"Isabela de Andrade Gama","doi":"10.33674/3201913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/3201913","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125417951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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