{"title":"Book Review “Brazilian Foreign Policy after the Cold War” University Press of Florida. Sean Burges\"","authors":"I. Gama","doi":"10.33674/2201912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/2201912","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132195031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, the world is back in competition for influence on the international arena. The unipolar arrangement with the leading role of the United States, which was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, has been destroyed. Today, one of the countries that returns to the position of a superpower not only regional but also world-wide is the Russian Federation. The factor that testifies to the power of the Russian state is its military potential. In this context, the issue of human resources is an important aspect that deserves special attention. Russia treats the human factor as one of the priority elements of state development. Today, inside the Russian state, a pragmatic cultural tendency based on the idea of military-patriotic education of youth has been formed. In 2016, the all-Russian military-patriotic Yunarmia movement was created. On the scale of the Russian state, this is a phenomenon of security culture based on the education of patriotic attitudes and defence capabilities among the young generation of Russians. Yunarmia, through its direct connection with the Ministry of National Defence of the Russian Federation, provides a platform for the development of Russian military and thus the potential that translates into Russia's international power position.
{"title":"State Security as an Element of National Culture – The Phenomenon of The All-Russian Military-Patriotic Movement of Yunarmia","authors":"Wiktor Mozgin","doi":"10.33674/220193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/220193","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the world is back in competition for influence on the international\u0000arena. The unipolar arrangement with the leading role of the United States,\u0000which was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, has been destroyed.\u0000Today, one of the countries that returns to the position of a superpower not\u0000only regional but also world-wide is the Russian Federation. The factor that\u0000testifies to the power of the Russian state is its military potential. In this\u0000context, the issue of human resources is an important aspect that deserves\u0000special attention. Russia treats the human factor as one of the priority elements\u0000of state development. Today, inside the Russian state, a pragmatic cultural\u0000tendency based on the idea of military-patriotic education of youth has been\u0000formed. In 2016, the all-Russian military-patriotic Yunarmia movement was\u0000created. On the scale of the Russian state, this is a phenomenon of security\u0000culture based on the education of patriotic attitudes and defence capabilities\u0000among the young generation of Russians. Yunarmia, through its direct\u0000connection with the Ministry of National Defence of the Russian Federation,\u0000provides a platform for the development of Russian military and thus the\u0000potential that translates into Russia's international power position.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134065842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After transformation of unipolarity and reformatting world order system, a question been forwarded on how new system is to be founded on. As it is known classical international relations system developed since Westphalia Agreement of 1648 has been composed mainly by the state as key actors of international politics. The system has been developed two type of regimes: soft bipolarity and balance of power interchanged in several period of time consequently. One of the characteristic features of globalization is a fundamental change of the international system and world order. It differs from the world of post-Cold War period with the stance of different actors of international relations on each other as well as with the forms of sharing power and that of interconnections. In that context there were four phases of the international relations systems: the system of Westphalia, the system of Vienna, the system of Versailles, the system of Yalta-Potsdam and later international relations were transformed into bipolarity one. Since demolishing classical Cold War order and entering into new epoch of anarchic scenario, the states as key actors of the system have been diminishing in favour of so-called “nonstate actors”. However, in the international system of the 21st century, the nationstate still has particular functions. It represents the dominant element of the world politics which can influence the behaviour of the population and non-state actors.
{"title":"The Beginning of the Post-modern Geopolitical Epoch and the Peculiarities of the System of Contemporary International Relations in the 21st Century","authors":"G. Zviadadze","doi":"10.33674/220192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/220192","url":null,"abstract":"After transformation of unipolarity and reformatting world order system,\u0000a question been forwarded on how new system is to be founded on. As it is known\u0000classical international relations system developed since Westphalia Agreement\u0000of 1648 has been composed mainly by the state as key actors of international politics.\u0000The system has been developed two type of regimes: soft bipolarity and balance\u0000of power interchanged in several period of time consequently. One of the\u0000characteristic features of globalization is a fundamental change of the international\u0000system and world order. It differs from the world of post-Cold War period with the\u0000stance of different actors of international relations on each other as well as with the\u0000forms of sharing power and that of interconnections. In that context there were four\u0000phases of the international relations systems: the system of Westphalia, the system\u0000of Vienna, the system of Versailles, the system of Yalta-Potsdam and later\u0000international relations were transformed into bipolarity one. Since demolishing\u0000classical Cold War order and entering into new epoch of anarchic scenario, the\u0000states as key actors of the system have been diminishing in favour of so-called “nonstate actors”. However, in the international system of the 21st century, the nationstate still has particular functions. It represents the dominant element of the world\u0000politics which can influence the behaviour of the population and non-state actors.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131297855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"WOJCIECH PAŁKA, KAPITALIZM, NOWE WOJNY I PRYWATNE FIRMY [Capitalism, New Wars and Private Companies]","authors":"Przemysław Furgacz","doi":"10.33674/3201912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/3201912","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129243879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Współczesne i przyszłe wojny, często mające charakter hybrydowy, wymuszają zmiany w działaniach służb wywiadowczych, które muszą przystosować się do rozpoznawania, niekiedy zupełnie nowych dla nich, rodzajów zagrożeń. W artykule podjęto próbę wskazania roli wywiadu zarówno w przygotowaniach do prowadzenia operacji hybrydowych, jak i w rozpoznawaniu najistotniejszych zagrożeń wynikających z realizacji działań hybrydowych w sferach ekonomiczno-finansowej, informacyjnej i militarnej. Uwzględniono również rolę wywiadu w rozpoznawaniu symptomów tzw. kolorowej rewolucji, wychodząc z założenia, że ten element wojen hybrydowych może być z powodzeniem wykorzystany również wobec stabilnych obecnie państw Zachodu. Na zakończenie przedstawiono kilka propozycji rozwiązań organizacyjnych, które w przypadku zastosowania pozwoliłyby, zdaniem autora, na skuteczniejsze działania służb wywiadowczych w obliczu zagrożeń hybrydowych. Abstract: Contemporary and future wars, which often adopt a hybrid nature, compel to implement shifts in the activities of the intelligence agencies, which must adapt to recognizing sometimes entirely new for them kinds of threats. An attempt to indicate the role of the intelligence both in preparations for the hybrid operations and in identifying the most salient threats resulting from the realization of hybrid operations in economical-financial, information and military spheres was taken in the article. The significance of the intelligence service in recognizing the symptoms of the so-called colour revolutions, assuming that this element of hybrid wars may also be successfully exploited toward presently stable Western states, was taken into account in the text. In conclusion, few propositions of organizational solutions were presented. Their implementation would, according to the author, revamp intelligence services’ activities in the face of hybrid threats.
{"title":"ROLA SŁUŻB WYWIADOWCZYCH W WOJNIE HYBRYDOWEJ","authors":"K. Surdyk","doi":"10.33674/220184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/220184","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:\u0000Współczesne i przyszłe wojny, często mające charakter hybrydowy, wymuszają zmiany w działaniach służb wywiadowczych, które muszą przystosować się do rozpoznawania, niekiedy zupełnie nowych dla nich, rodzajów zagrożeń. W artykule podjęto próbę wskazania roli wywiadu zarówno w przygotowaniach do prowadzenia operacji hybrydowych, jak i w rozpoznawaniu najistotniejszych zagrożeń wynikających z realizacji działań hybrydowych w sferach ekonomiczno-finansowej, informacyjnej i militarnej. Uwzględniono również rolę wywiadu w rozpoznawaniu symptomów tzw. kolorowej rewolucji, wychodząc z założenia, że ten element wojen hybrydowych może być z powodzeniem wykorzystany również wobec stabilnych obecnie państw Zachodu. Na zakończenie przedstawiono kilka propozycji rozwiązań organizacyjnych, które w przypadku zastosowania pozwoliłyby, zdaniem autora, na skuteczniejsze działania służb wywiadowczych w obliczu zagrożeń hybrydowych.\u0000\u0000Abstract:\u0000Contemporary and future wars, which often adopt a hybrid nature, compel to implement shifts in the activities of the intelligence agencies, which must adapt to recognizing sometimes entirely new for them kinds of threats. An attempt to indicate the role of the intelligence both in preparations for the hybrid operations and in identifying the most salient threats resulting from the realization of hybrid operations in economical-financial, information and military spheres was taken in the article. The significance of the intelligence service in recognizing the symptoms of the so-called colour revolutions, assuming that this element of hybrid wars may also be successfully exploited toward presently stable Western states, was taken into account in the text. In conclusion, few propositions of organizational solutions were presented. Their implementation would, according to the author, revamp intelligence services’ activities in the face of hybrid threats.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132448438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The international security environment, which needs to be upgraded to security mechanisms, does not have two views. The level of threats, risks and challenges of information warfare is quite high. Protecting yourself from the information war and its most powerful component - disinformation - is not easy, although every country tries to protect itself in a complex way, but at least every state must have its own effective defense mechanisms. Measures and measures taken by individual countries are often not sufficient. The efficiency of the information war was facilitated by scientific and technological advancements, which led to the manipulation and control of certain masses. In this respect, it is important to involve international organizations, develop strategic documents and defense mechanisms.We often emphasize that technology development has both pros and cons. Let's imagine two sides of the same coin. Nevertheless, we should not miss the third theoretical issue, namely, raising the awareness and educating the masses. The information warfare is always aimed at consciousness and the main target of propaganda is a person who is not versed in modern technology, has no idea of the Internet system and the production of ‘fake news’. Unfortunately, today's ”fake news”has become so widespread throughout the world that if you are not properly trained, you may find it very difficult to tell the lie and the truth. Education, special methodological programs, this is one of the important parts of the global problem.
{"title":"GEOPOLITICAL CONTOURS OF MODERN INFORMATION WARFARE RUSSIAN-US CONFRONTATION LINE FROM BALTIC SEA TO BLACK SEA","authors":"Thornike Zedelashvili","doi":"10.33674/20199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/20199","url":null,"abstract":"The international security environment, which needs to be upgraded to security mechanisms, does not have two views. The level of threats, risks and challenges of information warfare is quite high. Protecting yourself from the information war and its most powerful component - disinformation - is not easy, although every country tries to protect itself in a complex way, but at least every state must have its own effective defense mechanisms. Measures and measures taken by individual countries are often not sufficient. The efficiency of the information war was facilitated by scientific and technological advancements, which led to the manipulation and control of certain masses. In this respect, it is important to involve international organizations, develop strategic documents and defense mechanisms.We often emphasize that technology development has both pros and cons. Let's imagine two sides of the same coin. Nevertheless, we should not miss the third theoretical issue, namely, raising the awareness and educating the masses. The information warfare is always aimed at consciousness and the main target of propaganda is a person who is not versed in modern technology, has no idea of the Internet system and the production of ‘fake news’. Unfortunately, today's ”fake news”has become so widespread throughout the world that if you are not properly trained, you may find it very difficult to tell the lie and the truth. Education, special methodological programs, this is one of the important parts of the global problem.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124318677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Znane porzekadło mówi, że największym błędem generałów (chyba nie tylko) jest przygotowywanie się do minionej wojny. Rzeczywiście historia dostarcza na to wiele dowodów. Kierując się gorzkimi doświadczeniami przeszłości naturalna i oczywista staje się potrzeba dogłębnego studiowania nie tylko minionych, ale właśnie ewentualnych przyszłych konfliktów zbrojnych we wszystkich ich aspektach: przyczyn wybuchu, charakteru fazy początkowej, przebiegu, rodzaju użytych sił i środków, sposobu ich użycia i wielu innych aspektów charakterystycznych dla tak złożonego zjawiska jakim jest odwiecznie konflikt międzynarodowy o charakterze polityczno-militarnym. W ciągu ostatnich kilku lat na dobre zadomowiło się w terminologii politycznej i wojskowej pojęcie „wojna hybrydowa”. Ma to niewątpliwy związek z charakterem konfliktów zbrojnych, jakie miały lub mają miejsce w wielu rejonach świata od początku XXI wieku. Ich przyczyny, cele, sposób prowadzenia, czas trwania, używane siły i środki są niezwykle różnorodne. Należy jednak pamiętać, że wszystkie wcześniejsze konflikty zbrojne były niezwykle złożoną kombinacją wszystkich tych elementów, które decydują o takim a nie innym charakterze wojny i niezwykle trudno wskazać wojnę, którą można byłoby uznać za „klasyczną”. Jakie więc nowe czynniki decydują o tym, że współcześnie nie mówi się po prostu o wojnie a o wojnie hybrydowej? Czy sięganie po pojęcie „wojna hybrydowa” to próby poszukiwania nowej teorii walki i wojny, czy też pojęcie używane post fatum w celu wskazania całej złożoności konfliktu, który już zaistniał? Te i inne pytania wskazują kierunek rozważań podjętych w ramach podjętego tematu.
{"title":"WOJNA HYBRYDOWA - ZJAWISKO NOWE CZY EWOLUCJA STAREGO","authors":"J. Flis","doi":"10.33674/120191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/120191","url":null,"abstract":"Znane porzekadło mówi, że największym błędem generałów (chyba nie tylko)\u0000jest przygotowywanie się do minionej wojny. Rzeczywiście historia dostarcza\u0000na to wiele dowodów. Kierując się gorzkimi doświadczeniami przeszłości naturalna i oczywista staje się potrzeba dogłębnego studiowania nie tylko minionych, ale właśnie ewentualnych przyszłych konfliktów zbrojnych we wszystkich\u0000ich aspektach: przyczyn wybuchu, charakteru fazy początkowej, przebiegu,\u0000rodzaju użytych sił i środków, sposobu ich użycia i wielu innych aspektów charakterystycznych dla tak złożonego zjawiska jakim jest odwiecznie konflikt międzynarodowy o charakterze polityczno-militarnym. W ciągu ostatnich kilku lat\u0000na dobre zadomowiło się w terminologii politycznej i wojskowej pojęcie „wojna hybrydowa”. Ma to niewątpliwy związek z charakterem konfliktów zbrojnych, jakie miały lub mają miejsce w wielu rejonach świata od początku XXI\u0000wieku. Ich przyczyny, cele, sposób prowadzenia, czas trwania, używane siły i\u0000środki są niezwykle różnorodne. Należy jednak pamiętać, że wszystkie wcześniejsze konflikty zbrojne były niezwykle złożoną kombinacją wszystkich tych\u0000elementów, które decydują o takim a nie innym charakterze wojny i niezwykle\u0000trudno wskazać wojnę, którą można byłoby uznać za „klasyczną”. Jakie więc\u0000nowe czynniki decydują o tym, że współcześnie nie mówi się po prostu o wojnie\u0000a o wojnie hybrydowej? Czy sięganie po pojęcie „wojna hybrydowa” to próby\u0000poszukiwania nowej teorii walki i wojny, czy też pojęcie używane post fatum w celu wskazania całej złożoności konfliktu, który już zaistniał? Te i inne pytania\u0000wskazują kierunek rozważań podjętych w ramach podjętego tematu.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129448324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 1990 after bipolar system demolition and setting up new world order with liberal international order with American leadership endorsement lasted till 2014, the Eurasian space became one of the hottest spots in the world. Considering situational changes in the international security system with diminishing the global hegemony of the USA in case of confrontation with Russia and China, Eurasia has been increasing its geopolitical relevance to international politics. Several implications on endorsing new “Eurasian” alliances (Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Eurasian Union, etc.) with primarily involvement of the countries of Post-Soviet space and China, directed against to NATO policy of enlargement could have created a rim of instability with “flexing mussels” between three nuclear powers – the USA, Russian Federation and People's Republic of China (PRC). Tripolarity agenda confirmed by the international security high-level expert community, incoming world order is shaping up in the classical balance of power game of international relations. Hence, the China-Russia alliance and strategic cooperation wrenched in the area really play an important role in fostering process at any level of the political spectrum: local, regional and certainly global.
{"title":"Eurasian Geopolitics Importance to World Politics and China’s Geostrategy","authors":"V. Maisaia, K. Kobaladze","doi":"10.33674/220191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33674/220191","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1990 after bipolar system demolition and setting up new world order with\u0000liberal international order with American leadership endorsement lasted till\u00002014, the Eurasian space became one of the hottest spots in the world.\u0000Considering situational changes in the international security system with\u0000diminishing the global hegemony of the USA in case of confrontation with\u0000Russia and China, Eurasia has been increasing its geopolitical relevance to\u0000international politics. Several implications on endorsing new “Eurasian”\u0000alliances (Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Collective Security Treaty\u0000Organization, Eurasian Union, etc.) with primarily involvement of the\u0000countries of Post-Soviet space and China, directed against to NATO policy\u0000of enlargement could have created a rim of instability with “flexing mussels”\u0000between three nuclear powers – the USA, Russian Federation and People's\u0000Republic of China (PRC). Tripolarity agenda confirmed by the international\u0000security high-level expert community, incoming world order is shaping up\u0000in the classical balance of power game of international relations. Hence, the China-Russia alliance and strategic cooperation wrenched in the area really play an important role in fostering process at any level of the political\u0000spectrum: local, regional and certainly global.","PeriodicalId":256788,"journal":{"name":"Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121879229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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