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Strife and Strides: A Nagging Leitmotif in the African Story 冲突与进步:非洲故事中挥之不去的主旋律
Siphamandla Zondi
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引用次数: 0
Classifying Soils: Points of Convergence in Indigenous Knowledge Engagement with Scientific Epistemologies 土壤分类:本土知识与科学认识论的融合点
Oluwatoyin Dare Kolawole, Garrick Cooper
Abstract While cultures are diverse in nature, there are many similarities between them. This is the case with African and Maōri cultures. Local people largely view their realities in a similar way. The question as to whether there are similarities in the indigenous epistemologies related to farming activities in different regions (such as West Africa, southern Africa, and Oceania) therefore arises. Given that no form of knowledge is mutually exclusive, we attempt to seek the points of convergence between local or indigenous knowledge and scientific modes of enquiry in relation to soil fertility management. In addition to secondary information, qualitative data were purposively obtained from key informants in selected farming communities in northwestern Botswana, the Canterbury province in New Zealand (Aotearoa), and southwestern Nigeria. We hypothesise that local farmers’ ways of knowing related to soil fertility and management have commonalities with mainstream science, particularly in terms of soil classification. Our findings show that both scientific and indigenous epistemologies as regards soil fertility are based on certain indicators, including soil morphology, the presence of fauna, plant growth, and so forth. While African farmers used the “principle of mental economy” to determine soil suitability, Māori farmers systematically group various soils, which is an indication of their sophisticated environmental knowledge.
虽然文化在本质上是多样的,但它们之间也有许多相似之处。这就是非洲和Maōri文化的情况。当地人基本上以类似的方式看待他们的现实。因此,不同地区(如西非、南部非洲和大洋洲)与农业活动有关的土著认识论是否存在相似性的问题就产生了。鉴于没有任何形式的知识是相互排斥的,我们试图在与土壤肥力管理有关的当地或土著知识和科学调查模式之间寻求交汇点。除了次要信息外,还从博茨瓦纳西北部、新西兰坎特伯雷省(Aotearoa)和尼日利亚西南部选定的农业社区的关键举报人那里有目的地获得了定性数据。我们假设当地农民对土壤肥力和管理的了解方式与主流科学具有共性,特别是在土壤分类方面。我们的研究结果表明,关于土壤肥力的科学认识论和土著认识论都是基于某些指标,包括土壤形态、动物的存在、植物生长等。虽然非洲农民使用“精神经济原则”来确定土壤的适宜性,但Māori农民系统地将各种土壤分组,这表明他们具有复杂的环境知识。
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引用次数: 1
Achievements of Women during the Battle of Adwa and Its Aftermath: A Case Study of Empress Taytu Betul (1880s–1910s) 女性在阿德瓦战役及其余波中的成就——以泰图·贝图尔皇后(1880 - 1910)为例
W. Zeleke
Abstract This study is about the achievements of women during the Battle of Adwa and its aftermath, with a focus on Empress Taytu Betul (1880s–1910s). The study was conducted based on primary and secondary sources. In most cases the researcher has relied on data from secondary sources, as no elderly people could be found who could offer information about the role of Empress Taytu and her followers during and after the battle of Adwa. In the study of Ethiopian history, there are still misperceptions related to the division of power based on gender. It is thought that wars were fought mainly by men. However, the empress was one of the women who played a significant role in mobilising troops, organising and transporting supplies and provisions, raising the morale of fighters, gathering intelligence, nursing the wounded, and participating in actual fighting, during the Battle of Meqelle in particular and during the Battle of Adwa. Moreover, women who did not go to the battlefield had the responsibility of carrying the burden of men's work at home.
摘要本研究主要探讨女性在阿德瓦战役及其余波中的成就,并以泰图·贝图尔皇后(1880 - 1910)为研究对象。这项研究是根据一手资料和第二手资料进行的。在大多数情况下,研究人员依赖于二手资料,因为找不到老年人可以提供关于泰图皇后及其追随者在阿杜瓦战役期间和之后的角色的信息。在对埃塞俄比亚历史的研究中,仍然存在着与基于性别的权力分配有关的误解。人们认为战争主要是由男人进行的。然而,皇后是在动员军队、组织和运输物资、提高战士士气、收集情报、护理伤员和参与实际战斗中发挥重要作用的女性之一,特别是在梅克尔战役和阿德瓦战役期间。此外,没有上战场的妇女有责任在家里承担男人的工作。
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引用次数: 0
African Agency for Development: Progress, Contradictions, and Complexities in the Era of Globalisation 非洲开发署:全球化时代的进步、矛盾和复杂性
T. Moyo, A. Chikwanha
Abstract Although Africa has made some progress in the last two decades, the continent still faces development challenges: the persistence of poverty, unemployment, and inequality. The continent still depends to a large extent on commodities in terms of production and exports, and it imports the bulk of its manufactured goods. Thus, there has been little progress on structural transformation. Dependence on donor financing remains high. Relative to other regions, Africa ranks lowest on many development indicators. This article has two objectives: to assess the nature and practice of African agency and to analyse its effectiveness in shaping, nurturing, and promoting the kind of development that is defined in the African Union's Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want. Agenda 2063 presents a vision of development that is people-driven, people-owned, participatory, and self-reliant. Although the AU has made progress in creating institutional governance architecture and a continental development framework to guide its member states, its “Africanness” and effectiveness as an agency for development seems limited. We attribute this to the limited nature of participation and engagement of broader African society in the decision-making processes and in the programme initiatives that are aimed to achieve the goals of Agenda 2063.
尽管非洲在过去二十年中取得了一些进步,但非洲大陆仍然面临着发展挑战:持续存在的贫困、失业和不平等。非洲大陆在生产和出口方面仍然在很大程度上依赖于商品,它的大部分制成品都是进口的。因此,在结构转型方面几乎没有进展。对捐助资金的依赖程度仍然很高。与其他区域相比,非洲在许多发展指标上排名最低。本文有两个目的:评估非洲机构的性质和实践,并分析其在塑造、培育和促进非盟《2063年议程:我们想要的非洲》中所定义的那种发展方面的有效性。《2063年议程》提出了人民驱动、人民拥有、人民参与、人民自力更生的发展理念。尽管非盟在创建机构治理架构和大陆发展框架以指导其成员国方面取得了进展,但其“非洲性”和作为发展机构的有效性似乎有限。我们将其归因于更广泛的非洲社会在决策进程和旨在实现《2063年议程》目标的方案倡议中的参与和参与有限。
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引用次数: 0
Breakthrough: The Struggle and Secret Talks That Brought Apartheid South Africa to the Negotiating Table, by Mac Maharaj and Z. Pallo Jordan 《突破:把种族隔离南非带到谈判桌上的斗争和秘密谈判》,作者:麦克·马哈拉杰和z·帕洛·乔丹
Sbonelo Radebe
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引用次数: 0
Bureaucratic Corruption and Maladministration in Kenya: A Bureaucratic Analysis 肯尼亚的官僚腐败与行政失当:一个官僚分析
Gedion Onyango
Abstract Understanding bureaucratic corruption and maladministration in Africa has often hinged on political dimensions of the state and governance foci. This study crafts and applies the administrative rituals approach or a bureaucratic analysis to explore practical institutional and normative synergies of corruption and maladministration in Kenya. The discussion attempts to draw theoretical generalisations to address broader interests in bureaucratic theory and public accountability, drawing on empirical illustrations of how corruption and maladministration in Kenyan public administration fit within these explanations. The paper shows that despite their knowledge of anti-corruption laws, Kenyan public servants’ actions and behaviours are ritualistically ordained to follow particular patterns over others, some of which reduce public accountability strategies to mere administrative symbols/rituals in public administration.
理解非洲的官僚腐败和管理不善往往取决于国家和治理焦点的政治层面。本研究制作并应用行政仪式方法或官僚分析来探索肯尼亚腐败和行政不善的实际制度和规范协同作用。讨论试图从理论上概括,以解决官僚理论和公共问责制中更广泛的利益,并利用肯尼亚公共行政中的腐败和管理不善如何适用于这些解释的实证例证。这篇论文表明,尽管肯尼亚公务员了解反腐败法律,但他们的行动和行为在仪式上被规定要遵循特定的模式,其中一些模式将公共问责战略降低为公共行政中的行政符号/仪式。
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引用次数: 0
Consolationism and Comparative African Philosophy: Beyond Universalism and Particularism, by Ada Agada 安慰主义与比较非洲哲学:超越普遍主义与特殊主义,作者:Ada Agada
P. Ben
Ada Agada is one of the most vocal voices of the Conversational School of Philosophy (CSP). In Consolationism and Comparative African Philosophy: Beyond Universalism and Particularism, Agada aims to provide clarity on the philosophical tenets of Consolationism, his project on system building that is central to the future direction and development of African philosophy. The book is divided into three parts: The first part focuses on the universalism-particularism conundrum in African philosophy, the second part is concerned with explicating the basic preoccupations of Consolation philosophy, and the third part focuses on cross-cultural and comparative philosophy which is one of the central themes of conversational philosophy.
阿达·阿加达是对话哲学学派(CSP)中最具影响力的人物之一。在《安慰主义和比较非洲哲学:超越普遍主义和特殊主义》一书中,Agada旨在阐明安慰主义的哲学原则,他的系统建设项目对非洲哲学的未来方向和发展至关重要。本书分为三个部分:第一部分关注非洲哲学中的普遍主义-特殊主义难题,第二部分关注阐释安慰哲学的基本关注点,第三部分关注跨文化和比较哲学,这是对话哲学的中心主题之一。
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引用次数: 0
Terrorism, Insurgency, and Regional Stability: The Case of Mozambique 恐怖主义、叛乱和地区稳定:以莫桑比克为例
Rich Mashimbye
Abstract Since the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s, the southern Africa region has been characterised by the near absence of terrorism. In central, eastern, northern, and western Africa, internal armed conflicts have emerged at one point or another in the postcolonial period, while southern Africa is the only region that has been, until recently, free of serious internal conflicts characterised by the use of conventional weapons. However, the recent emergence of terrorism in Mozambique poses a threat to the stability of not only that country but the entire region. The military intervention of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and Rwanda presents an opportunity for Mozambique and the SADC to thwart the increasingly violent terrorist attacks in Mozambique. This article explores the organised terrorist attacks that have emerged since 2017 in the Mozambican province of Cabo Delgado, the implications for the stability of southern Africa, and the posture of the SADC and states in the region regarding the security situation. A qualitative approach is adopted to ensure a comprehensive interpretation of the data. Both primary and secondary data sources were used, the former being mainly official SADC communiques on the situation, and the latter peer-reviewed articles and books and news articles and reports by humanitarian organisations on the situation. A conceptual distinction is made between the concepts of “insurgency” and “terrorism”, and this distinction is subsequently used to analyse the nature and scope of the instability in Mozambique and, fundamentally, whether the crisis constitutes an insurgency or terrorism.
自20世纪80年代末冷战结束以来,南部非洲地区的特点是几乎没有恐怖主义。在非洲中部、东部、北部和西部,后殖民时期曾出现过国内武装冲突,而南部非洲是直到最近为止唯一没有以使用常规武器为特征的严重国内冲突的区域。然而,最近在莫桑比克出现的恐怖主义不仅对该国的稳定而且对整个区域的稳定构成威胁。南部非洲发展共同体(南部非洲发展共同体)和卢旺达的军事干预为莫桑比克和南部非洲发展共同体提供了一个机会,以挫败莫桑比克境内日益严重的暴力恐怖主义袭击。本文探讨了自2017年以来在莫桑比克德尔加多角省出现的有组织恐怖袭击,对南部非洲稳定的影响,以及南部非洲发展共同体和该地区各国对安全局势的态度。采用定性方法以确保对数据的全面解释。我们使用了第一手和二手数据来源,前者主要是南共体关于局势的官方公报,后者是同行评议的文章、书籍、新闻文章和人道主义组织关于局势的报告。在“叛乱”和“恐怖主义”概念之间作出了概念上的区别,这种区别随后被用来分析莫桑比克不稳定的性质和范围,并从根本上分析危机是构成叛乱还是恐怖主义。
{"title":"Terrorism, Insurgency, and Regional Stability: The Case of Mozambique","authors":"Rich Mashimbye","doi":"10.1080/18186874.2022.2034483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18186874.2022.2034483","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s, the southern Africa region has been characterised by the near absence of terrorism. In central, eastern, northern, and western Africa, internal armed conflicts have emerged at one point or another in the postcolonial period, while southern Africa is the only region that has been, until recently, free of serious internal conflicts characterised by the use of conventional weapons. However, the recent emergence of terrorism in Mozambique poses a threat to the stability of not only that country but the entire region. The military intervention of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and Rwanda presents an opportunity for Mozambique and the SADC to thwart the increasingly violent terrorist attacks in Mozambique. This article explores the organised terrorist attacks that have emerged since 2017 in the Mozambican province of Cabo Delgado, the implications for the stability of southern Africa, and the posture of the SADC and states in the region regarding the security situation. A qualitative approach is adopted to ensure a comprehensive interpretation of the data. Both primary and secondary data sources were used, the former being mainly official SADC communiques on the situation, and the latter peer-reviewed articles and books and news articles and reports by humanitarian organisations on the situation. A conceptual distinction is made between the concepts of “insurgency” and “terrorism”, and this distinction is subsequently used to analyse the nature and scope of the instability in Mozambique and, fundamentally, whether the crisis constitutes an insurgency or terrorism.","PeriodicalId":256939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127391819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Towards a United South African Agriculture: A Review of Social Networking Between Black Smallholder and White Commercial Farming Communities Through Farmer Organisations 走向一个统一的南非农业:通过农民组织黑人小农和白人商业农业社区之间的社会网络的回顾
S. Zantsi, Lunathi Hlakanyane, Tabile Nkunjana
Abstract This review study takes a first step towards understanding the extent of social cohesion in South Africa’s farming landscape to contribute to the scant literature in this area. A socially cohesive society is a society in which all forms of inequality, exclusion, and disparity based on ethnicity, race, gender, class, religion or any other divisive distinction that causes distrust and conflict are sustainably reduced with a view to eventual eradication. This ideal is examined through social networking among the different farming communities within South African agriculture. Farmer organisations are identified and reviewed through their websites and discussed together with other relevant literature, searched through traditional and snowball literature reviews. We found very little evidence to suggest that the social cohesion ideal has been achieved in South African agriculture. The implications of this are discussed in light of the transformation agenda of the agricultural sector through land reform.
摘要:本综述研究迈出了了解南非农业景观中社会凝聚力程度的第一步,为这一领域的文献做出了贡献。一个具有社会凝聚力的社会是这样一个社会,在这个社会中,基于民族、种族、性别、阶级、宗教或任何其他引起不信任和冲突的分裂区别的一切形式的不平等、排斥和差距都将持续减少,并最终消除。这一理想通过南非农业内不同农业社区之间的社交网络进行了检验。农民组织通过其网站进行识别和审查,并与其他相关文献一起进行讨论,通过传统和滚雪球文献综述进行搜索。我们发现很少有证据表明南非农业实现了理想的社会凝聚力。根据农业部门通过土地改革的转型议程,讨论了这一问题的影响。
{"title":"Towards a United South African Agriculture: A Review of Social Networking Between Black Smallholder and White Commercial Farming Communities Through Farmer Organisations","authors":"S. Zantsi, Lunathi Hlakanyane, Tabile Nkunjana","doi":"10.1080/18186874.2022.2073244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18186874.2022.2073244","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review study takes a first step towards understanding the extent of social cohesion in South Africa’s farming landscape to contribute to the scant literature in this area. A socially cohesive society is a society in which all forms of inequality, exclusion, and disparity based on ethnicity, race, gender, class, religion or any other divisive distinction that causes distrust and conflict are sustainably reduced with a view to eventual eradication. This ideal is examined through social networking among the different farming communities within South African agriculture. Farmer organisations are identified and reviewed through their websites and discussed together with other relevant literature, searched through traditional and snowball literature reviews. We found very little evidence to suggest that the social cohesion ideal has been achieved in South African agriculture. The implications of this are discussed in light of the transformation agenda of the agricultural sector through land reform.","PeriodicalId":256939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128602023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Contemporary South African Artist as Global Citizen 作为世界公民的当代南非艺术家
B. Van Haute
Abstract In this article I investigate the ways in which a new humanism can assist contemporary artists in South Africa in making their work relevant to a global audience. Following the ideas of Chielozona Eze (Race, Decolonization, and Global Citizenship in South Africa. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2018), I argue that decolonisation in art is possible through a cosmopolitan mindset built on inclusion and openness to otherness. Eze's ideas on empathetic cosmopolitanism and global citizenship respond to the need for a new society marked by solidarity with all people, regardless of race, class, gender, or other markers of difference. However, this call for global citizenship does not come at the cost of cultural specificity, which acknowledges (South) Africa as a site of knowledge creation. My argument is supported by an examination of the 2017 Fondation Louis Vuitton show in Paris and the work of Lawrence Lemaoana exhibited there. His embroidered works serve as an example of the ways in which young black artists can access the global art world through being open to reality and to global concerns, leaving behind tradition which is incompatible with modernity. I state that Lemaoana has managed to decolonise his art to become a global citizen with a cosmopolitan mindset, and whose art exemplifies sameness in our humanity.
在这篇文章中,我研究了一种新的人文主义可以帮助南非当代艺术家使他们的作品与全球观众相关的方式。遵循Chielozona Eze(南非种族、非殖民化和全球公民)的思想。罗切斯特:罗切斯特大学出版社,2018),我认为通过建立在包容和开放的基础上的世界主义心态,艺术的非殖民化是可能的。埃兹关于同理心的世界主义和全球公民的思想回应了对新社会的需求,新社会的特征是所有人团结一致,不分种族、阶级、性别或其他差异。然而,这种对全球公民身份的呼吁并不是以牺牲文化特殊性为代价的,这种特殊性承认(南非)是一个知识创造的场所。2017年路易威登基金会(foundation Louis Vuitton)在巴黎举办的时装秀,以及劳伦斯·莱莫阿纳(Lawrence Lemaoana)在那里展出的作品,支持了我的观点。他的刺绣作品是一个例子,说明年轻的黑人艺术家可以通过对现实和全球关注开放的方式进入全球艺术世界,抛弃与现代不相容的传统。我认为Lemaoana已经成功地将他的艺术去殖民化,成为一个拥有世界主义思维的世界公民,他的艺术体现了我们人类的同一性。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity
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