This paper describes the work, presently in process, for using a monitoring machine to evaluate the Model 67 Time Sharing System.
本文描述了目前正在进行的利用监测仪对67型分时系统进行评价的工作。
{"title":"Hardware measurement device for IBM system/360 time sharing evaluation","authors":"F. D. Schulman","doi":"10.1145/800196.805980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800196.805980","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the work, presently in process, for using a monitoring machine to evaluate the Model 67 Time Sharing System.","PeriodicalId":257203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128901079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accelerated by the advent of time-sharing, on-line systems of all types have come into being during the past five years. All of these systems are designed to facilitate the interchange of information between the user and the machine. The applications to which such systems have been put are numerous and extremely varied, yet those systems which attempt to provide a general facility for mathematical computation form a relatively small class. This paper attempts to survey and analyze some members of this restricted class in order to illustrate their common features, strong points, and areas of weakness, as well as to indicate some of the features which are desirable in any system designed to provide on-line mathematical assistance. We believe that these systems, when implemented on third generation computers, will serve large numbers of users, including numerical analysts, scientists and engineers.
{"title":"The status of systems for on-line mathematical assistance","authors":"Adrian Ruyle, J. Brackett, R. Kaplow","doi":"10.1145/800196.805985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800196.805985","url":null,"abstract":"Accelerated by the advent of time-sharing, on-line systems of all types have come into being during the past five years. All of these systems are designed to facilitate the interchange of information between the user and the machine. The applications to which such systems have been put are numerous and extremely varied, yet those systems which attempt to provide a general facility for mathematical computation form a relatively small class. This paper attempts to survey and analyze some members of this restricted class in order to illustrate their common features, strong points, and areas of weakness, as well as to indicate some of the features which are desirable in any system designed to provide on-line mathematical assistance. We believe that these systems, when implemented on third generation computers, will serve large numbers of users, including numerical analysts, scientists and engineers.","PeriodicalId":257203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121333685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One method for discretizing the exponential distribution such that the discrefized values bear a resemblance to the continuous distribution is as follows. The density function will first be divided into N equiprobable intervals each of area 1/N. Some measure of central tendency of each interval will define the equiprobable values. In a previous study [1] the effects of using the mean and the median of the equiprobable intervals was noted. The measure of effectiveness used involved a comparison of the moments of the delay distribution for a simple queueing system based upon these measures of central tendency and known theoretical results. This paper will present the results of two extensions of the previously cited study [1]. It was shown that when using the mean of the equiprobable intervals one obtained “better” i.e., less biased, results for the moments of the delay distribution under question than when the medians of the intervals were used. Although these results were very good, on some subjective measure, a bias does exist for all higher moments of the delay distribution. One way to reduce this bias is to consider different measures of each equiprobable interval. This paper shows the results of using the rth root of the rth moment of each interval, corrected for the mean. A second concern arises when there is a limited amount of storage space in the digital computer for the discretized points.
{"title":"Some further methods of discretizing the exponential distribution","authors":"I. Kabak","doi":"10.1145/800196.806018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800196.806018","url":null,"abstract":"One method for discretizing the exponential distribution such that the discrefized values bear a resemblance to the continuous distribution is as follows. The density function will first be divided into N equiprobable intervals each of area 1/N. Some measure of central tendency of each interval will define the equiprobable values. In a previous study [1] the effects of using the mean and the median of the equiprobable intervals was noted. The measure of effectiveness used involved a comparison of the moments of the delay distribution for a simple queueing system based upon these measures of central tendency and known theoretical results. This paper will present the results of two extensions of the previously cited study [1]. It was shown that when using the mean of the equiprobable intervals one obtained “better” i.e., less biased, results for the moments of the delay distribution under question than when the medians of the intervals were used. Although these results were very good, on some subjective measure, a bias does exist for all higher moments of the delay distribution. One way to reduce this bias is to consider different measures of each equiprobable interval. This paper shows the results of using the rth root of the rth moment of each interval, corrected for the mean. A second concern arises when there is a limited amount of storage space in the digital computer for the discretized points.","PeriodicalId":257203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference","volume":"127 51","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131746613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As part of the Navy's intensive program to introduce new techniques in its ship design and manufacturing process, Arthur D. Little, Inc., is developing under the sponsorship of the Naval Ship Engineering Center, Naval Ship Systems Command, a computerized system for the design detailing of hull structures for naval ships. The system takes its input data from the ship's contract plans, standard design specifications, and parameters; it produces as output working drawings for use in the shipyard, APT part programs for numerically controlled flame cutting machines, and auxiliary information such as center of gravity statements and bills of material and weight. This paper will describe the principal functional capabilities of the system, emphasizing those dealing with program organization and data management.
作为海军在舰船设计和制造过程中引入新技术的密集计划的一部分，Arthur D. Little公司正在海军舰船工程中心、海军舰船系统司令部的赞助下开发一种用于海军舰船船体结构设计细节的计算机化系统。该系统从船舶的合同计划、标准设计规范和参数中获取输入数据;它输出造船厂使用的工作图纸，数控火焰切割机的APT零件程序，以及辅助信息，如重心声明和材料清单和重量。本文将描述系统的主要功能，重点介绍程序组织和数据管理功能。
{"title":"Design automation in ship detailing","authors":"J. Cohen, G. O. Gardner, B. Romberg","doi":"10.1145/800196.806004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800196.806004","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the Navy's intensive program to introduce new techniques in its ship design and manufacturing process, Arthur D. Little, Inc., is developing under the sponsorship of the Naval Ship Engineering Center, Naval Ship Systems Command, a computerized system for the design detailing of hull structures for naval ships. The system takes its input data from the ship's contract plans, standard design specifications, and parameters; it produces as output working drawings for use in the shipyard, APT part programs for numerically controlled flame cutting machines, and auxiliary information such as center of gravity statements and bills of material and weight. This paper will describe the principal functional capabilities of the system, emphasizing those dealing with program organization and data management.","PeriodicalId":257203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference","volume":"4 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117342329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report presents the performance of the Supervisor System used on the Atlas Computer at Manchester University, and describes some of the changes made as a result of our experience with the system. Although the machine is used jointly by I.C.T. Computing Service Division and the University Computing Service (U.C.S.), the figures presented are derived mainly from the U.C.S. use of the machine. We begin with an outline of the system and then describe its main sections in some detail. The ideas have been previously presented 1,2,3,4 but the system which has evolved is not described elsewhere. Logically the system is made up of several distinct parts which communicate through small well defined interfaces (the actual implementation is somewhat more complicated). It can be seen from Figure 1 that the path for a normal job is through the input supervisor and into the input well (which is at present magnetic tape). When the complete job has been input the input supervisor makes an entry in the job list, containing the information which the schedler uses to decide when to start the job. When the scheduler selects a job its job entry is passed on to the job assembler which organizes the loading of any magnetic tapes required by the job, and transfers the relevant compiler and input files into the main store.
{"title":"An appraisal of the Atlas supervisor","authors":"D. Morris, F. Sumner, M. T. Wyld","doi":"10.1145/800196.805976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800196.805976","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents the performance of the Supervisor System used on the Atlas Computer at Manchester University, and describes some of the changes made as a result of our experience with the system. Although the machine is used jointly by I.C.T. Computing Service Division and the University Computing Service (U.C.S.), the figures presented are derived mainly from the U.C.S. use of the machine. We begin with an outline of the system and then describe its main sections in some detail. The ideas have been previously presented 1,2,3,4 but the system which has evolved is not described elsewhere. Logically the system is made up of several distinct parts which communicate through small well defined interfaces (the actual implementation is somewhat more complicated). It can be seen from Figure 1 that the path for a normal job is through the input supervisor and into the input well (which is at present magnetic tape). When the complete job has been input the input supervisor makes an entry in the job list, containing the information which the schedler uses to decide when to start the job. When the scheduler selects a job its job entry is passed on to the job assembler which organizes the loading of any magnetic tapes required by the job, and transfers the relevant compiler and input files into the main store.","PeriodicalId":257203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114984990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since its introduction in the early part of the nineteenth century, the theory of complex variables has played a steadily increasing role in mathematics, and in scientific research. In some fields complex algebra is used to simplify the description of a physical system. The use of a complex impedance Z in network theory is an example of this. In other fields complex algebra seems to be a basic ingredient of the physical laws. In Wave Mechanics for example a probability density P(x,t) is related to the square modulus of a wave function &psgr;(x,t) which is itself complex, being obtained from a wave equation whose coefficients may be complex. In mathematical research itself, it is rare to find a topic which is naturally restricted to real variables, and in many topics the extension to complex variables results in a simpler theory. For example a polynomial of degree n has exactly n zeros in the field of complex numbers.
{"title":"Numerical algorithms based on the theory of complex variable","authors":"J. N. Lyness","doi":"10.1145/800196.805983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800196.805983","url":null,"abstract":"Since its introduction in the early part of the nineteenth century, the theory of complex variables has played a steadily increasing role in mathematics, and in scientific research. In some fields complex algebra is used to simplify the description of a physical system. The use of a complex impedance Z in network theory is an example of this. In other fields complex algebra seems to be a basic ingredient of the physical laws. In Wave Mechanics for example a probability density P(x,t) is related to the square modulus of a wave function &psgr;(x,t) which is itself complex, being obtained from a wave equation whose coefficients may be complex. In mathematical research itself, it is rare to find a topic which is naturally restricted to real variables, and in many topics the extension to complex variables results in a simpler theory. For example a polynomial of degree n has exactly n zeros in the field of complex numbers.","PeriodicalId":257203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115030210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of Numerical Machine Tool Control has extensive applications to many metalworking-manufacturing processes. An entirely new industrial demand for computer processing services is emerging because of Numerical Control (N/C), primarily at this time by industries with a large engineering and metalworking base. The emergence, at the same time, of the Computer Utility poses some interesting questions concerning the use of publicly available computer power to support planning, programming and control of N/C operations. This paper was written with several objectives in mind, namely to 1) discuss the concepts of numerical machine tool control in order to define the environment of computer application, 2) review organization and operation of computer-communications systems currently being used for N/C data processing, 3) discuss overall functions and characteristics of a Numerical Control Information Utility, and to identify the nature of services needed by the N/C user community, 4) analyze the requirements of computer assisted N/C programming in terms of on-line type software facilities and utility-user operations and 5) briefly discuss the types of data-base services for numerical control, their nature and impact on the manufacturing process.
{"title":"The Numerical Control Information utility: Concepts and considerations","authors":"Gastone Chingari","doi":"10.1145/800196.806023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800196.806023","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of Numerical Machine Tool Control has extensive applications to many metalworking-manufacturing processes. An entirely new industrial demand for computer processing services is emerging because of Numerical Control (N/C), primarily at this time by industries with a large engineering and metalworking base. The emergence, at the same time, of the Computer Utility poses some interesting questions concerning the use of publicly available computer power to support planning, programming and control of N/C operations. This paper was written with several objectives in mind, namely to 1) discuss the concepts of numerical machine tool control in order to define the environment of computer application, 2) review organization and operation of computer-communications systems currently being used for N/C data processing, 3) discuss overall functions and characteristics of a Numerical Control Information Utility, and to identify the nature of services needed by the N/C user community, 4) analyze the requirements of computer assisted N/C programming in terms of on-line type software facilities and utility-user operations and 5) briefly discuss the types of data-base services for numerical control, their nature and impact on the manufacturing process.","PeriodicalId":257203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116218310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this project is to improve the power and scope of computer routines that search for structure in a data base. IDEA (Inductive Data Exploration and Analysis) is a computer program that detects and represents inherent structure in multi-variage data. The IDEA program is designed either to run in an automatic mode or to allow the investigator to intercede at each major decision in the analysis. At each such juncture he is presented with information that permits him to concur or override a computer decision before the program continues to the next major decision. In addition, IDEA has two other distinguishing features: (1) Heuristic computational procedures are used for those cases where the combinational aspects of the analysis would require extensive computations, and (2) heuristics are selectively used for different types of data, enabling IDEA to operate on a mixture of nominal (categorical), ordinal (ranked), and interval- or ratio-scaled measurements.
{"title":"IDEA—a conversational, heuristic program for Inductive Data Exploration and Analysis","authors":"L. Press, M. S. Rogers","doi":"10.1145/800196.805972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800196.805972","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this project is to improve the power and scope of computer routines that search for structure in a data base. IDEA (Inductive Data Exploration and Analysis) is a computer program that detects and represents inherent structure in multi-variage data. The IDEA program is designed either to run in an automatic mode or to allow the investigator to intercede at each major decision in the analysis. At each such juncture he is presented with information that permits him to concur or override a computer decision before the program continues to the next major decision. In addition, IDEA has two other distinguishing features: (1) Heuristic computational procedures are used for those cases where the combinational aspects of the analysis would require extensive computations, and (2) heuristics are selectively used for different types of data, enabling IDEA to operate on a mixture of nominal (categorical), ordinal (ranked), and interval- or ratio-scaled measurements.","PeriodicalId":257203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128107003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the work reported here was to develop problem-solving programs which would solve non-trivial problems and make use of their experience. In all of the work published previously there is a clearly discernible trade-off between problem-solving power and generality. This deadlock could be broken by the development of (a) programs which can make use of their experience and generalize it, and (b) powerful symbol manipulation languages which can express and execute highly complex processes without detailed programming.
{"title":"The use of imbedded patterns and canonical forms in a self-improving problem solver","authors":"A. Holden, David L. Johnson","doi":"10.1145/800196.805991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800196.805991","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work reported here was to develop problem-solving programs which would solve non-trivial problems and make use of their experience. In all of the work published previously there is a clearly discernible trade-off between problem-solving power and generality. This deadlock could be broken by the development of (a) programs which can make use of their experience and generalize it, and (b) powerful symbol manipulation languages which can express and execute highly complex processes without detailed programming.","PeriodicalId":257203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132910650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the study described in this paper was to develop a computer program that enables users arbitrarily to define symbols and to instruct the computer to manipulate and to operate with them on-line according to the rules of their definition. An additional goal was the use of this symbol manipulation capability for constructing on-line programs that perform analytic operations upon algebraic expressions; the results of this work will be briefly mentioned in this paper.
{"title":"An on-line symbol manipulation system","authors":"F. Blackwell","doi":"10.1145/800196.805990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800196.805990","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study described in this paper was to develop a computer program that enables users arbitrarily to define symbols and to instruct the computer to manipulate and to operate with them on-line according to the rules of their definition. An additional goal was the use of this symbol manipulation capability for constructing on-line programs that perform analytic operations upon algebraic expressions; the results of this work will be briefly mentioned in this paper.","PeriodicalId":257203,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1967 22nd national conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125604256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：