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Handbook on Social Protection Systems最新文献

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Acceptability of social protection reforms 社会保障改革的可接受性
Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00070
Eszter Timar
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引用次数: 0
Harmonization of similar instruments 相似乐器的协调
Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00035
Rachel Slater
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引用次数: 0
Coordination of different instruments 不同仪器的协调
Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00036
M. Bierbaum, Veronika Wodsak
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引用次数: 0
Case study A: Non-contributory social cash transfers in Zambia 案例研究A:赞比亚的非缴费性社会现金转移支付
Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00015
B. Chisanga
Zambia is a southern African country with an estimated population of 16.5 million people, and copper mining is the mainstay of the economy. In 2011, Zambia was reclassified as a lower middle-income country against the backdrop of positive economic growth (World Bank 2019). However, persistent high poverty levels indicate that the benefits of economic growth have not been evenly distributed, as the country is consistently ranked among those with the highest levels of inequalities. In 2014, the Government of Zambia, through the Ministry of Community Development and Social Welfare, formulated a National Social Protection Policy to reduce poverty, inequality, and vulnerability; and to ensure quality and efficiency in social protection service delivery (MCDSW 2014a). The policy comprises of seven social protection pillars categorized as contributory and non-contributory. The contributory social protection pillars include varied public and private pension schemes, social health insurance schemes, workers’ injury compensation schemes, and labour-based benefits such as paid maternity leave. The non-contributory social protection pillars include social assistance, livelihoods and empowerment, and protection. The latter includes prevention of and rehabilitation of victims of gender-based violence, human trafficking, and child labour, among other vulnerabilities. The non-contributory social cash transfer programmes are provided under the social assistance pillar. The overall objective of the non-contributory social cash transfer programmes in Zambia is to reduce extreme poverty and prevent intergenerational transmission of poverty among beneficiary households (MCDSW 2014b). Specifically, the programmes aim to assist the destitute and incapacitated households to meet their basic needs, particularly health, education, food, and shelter. The first non-contributory social cash transfer programme was introduced in 2003 as a pilot project with the support of the Germany Agency for Technical Cooperation. The scheme provided cash transfer benefits to selected households in rural communities experiencing extreme poverty partly engendered by the devastating impact of HIV and AIDS and prolonged drought conditions. Since then, the Government of Zambia, with support of cooperating partners, has rolled out a variety of social cash transfer programmes for eligible beneficiaries across the country estimated at 538,000 households (MCDSW 2018). This case study gives a general overview of the non-contributory social cash transfer programmes in Zambia reflecting on the design, challenges, and prospects.
赞比亚是一个南部非洲国家,人口约为1650万,铜矿开采是其经济支柱。2011年,在经济正增长的背景下,赞比亚被重新归类为中低收入国家(世界银行,2019年)。然而,持续的高贫困水平表明,经济增长的好处并没有得到平均分配,因为该国一直被列为最不平等的国家之一。2014年,赞比亚政府通过社区发展和社会福利部制定了一项国家社会保护政策,以减少贫困、不平等和脆弱性;确保提供社会保护服务的质量和效率(MCDSW 2014a)。该政策包括七个社会保护支柱,分为缴费和非缴费。缴费型社会保护支柱包括各种公共和私人养恤金计划、社会健康保险计划、工伤赔偿计划以及以劳动为基础的福利,如带薪产假。非缴费型社会保护支柱包括社会援助、生计和赋权以及保护。后者包括预防和帮助性别暴力、人口贩运和童工受害者康复,以及其他脆弱性。非缴费社会现金转移方案是在社会援助支柱下提供的。赞比亚非缴费型社会现金转移支付方案的总体目标是减少极端贫困,防止贫困在受益家庭之间代际传递(MCDSW 2014b)。具体而言,这些方案旨在帮助赤贫和无行为能力家庭满足其基本需要,特别是保健、教育、粮食和住房。在德国技术合作署的支持下,2003年推出了第一个非缴费型社会现金转移支付方案,作为一个试点项目。该计划向部分由于艾滋病毒和艾滋病的破坏性影响以及长期干旱条件而遭受极端贫困的农村社区的选定家庭提供现金转移补助。从那时起,赞比亚政府在合作伙伴的支持下,为全国约53.8万户符合条件的受益人推出了各种社会现金转移支付方案(MCDSW 2018)。本案例研究概述了赞比亚非缴费型社会现金转移支付方案的设计、挑战和前景。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to the Handbook on Social Protection Systems 《社会保障制度手册》简介
Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00011
M. Loewe, E. Schüring
While social protection has become an important policy field in many low- and middle-income countries (LICs and MICs), 55 per cent of the world’s population are still not even covered by one social protection benefit, with 87 per cent of people uncovered in Sub-Saharan Africa and 61 per cent in Asia and the Pacific (ILO 2017). Next to undercoverage, there are other factors that lower the efficiency, effectiveness and social justice of social protection in many countries, such as the lack of a joint vision and policy strategy, fragmented social protection programmes, duplication of administrative systems and efforts and irrational prioritisation in spending. These all call for a stronger systems approach to social protection. This handbook is therefore dedicated to social protection systems, highlighting the relevance but also the challenges that are related to a harmonised and coordinated approach across different social protection instruments, institutions, actors and delivery mechanisms. It takes the reader through all possible aspects of social protection systems.
虽然社会保护已成为许多低收入和中等收入国家的一个重要政策领域,但世界上55%的人口甚至没有享受到一项社会保护福利,其中撒哈拉以南非洲地区有87%的人没有享受到社会保护福利,亚洲及太平洋地区有61%(国际劳工组织2017年)。在许多国家,除了覆盖率不足之外,还有其他因素降低了社会保护的效率、效力和社会公正,例如缺乏共同愿景和政策战略、社会保护方案支离破碎、行政系统和工作重复以及支出优先次序不合理。所有这些都要求对社会保护采取更强有力的系统办法。因此,本手册专门介绍社会保护制度,强调在不同的社会保护工具、机构、行为者和交付机制之间采取统一和协调的方法的相关性,但也强调与之相关的挑战。它带领读者了解社会保护制度的所有可能方面。
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引用次数: 2
Demographic change 人口结构变化
Pub Date : 2020-02-29 DOI: 10.4135/9781446247501.n1004
J. Woodall
This Chapter considers why and how social protection systems must take into account processes and trends of demographic change. The main statistical drivers are observed rates of fertility, mortality and net international migration, although for social protection planning trends in labour force participation rates, especially those for women, should be included. Dependency ratios provide tried and tested means for social protection planning, complemented by additional socio-economic indicators. Wide variations are seen between different countries relating to the speed of their demographic transitions, and perhaps their potential to realise a “demographic dividend” favourable for social protection planning. The impact of demographic change on social protection is bi-directional, with feedback effects. Social protection systems both provide and seek resilience in the face of vulnerability, and require cushioning mechanisms to assure their sustainability. Negative impacts may arise from disruptive events - issues focused topically by the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020. © Esther Schüring and Markus Loewe 2021.
本章探讨社会保护制度为什么以及如何必须考虑到人口变化的过程和趋势。主要的统计驱动因素是观察到的生育率、死亡率和国际净移徙率,但在社会保护规划方面,应包括劳动力参与率的趋势,特别是妇女参与率的趋势。抚养比率为社会保护规划提供了久经考验的手段,并辅以其他社会经济指标。不同国家之间在人口转型速度方面存在很大差异,也许它们实现有利于社会保护规划的“人口红利”的潜力也存在很大差异。人口变化对社会保护的影响是双向的,具有反馈效应。面对脆弱性,社会保护制度既提供并寻求复原力,又需要缓冲机制来确保其可持续性。破坏性事件可能会产生负面影响——2020年2019冠状病毒病大流行爆发的焦点问题。©Esther sch ring and Markus Loewe 2021。
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引用次数: 12
Introduction: Administration 作品简介:政府
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00056
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引用次数: 5
Graduation 毕业
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00038
R. Sabates‐Wheeler
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Policy coordination 导论:政策协调
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00034
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引用次数: 0
Micro-insurance 微型保险
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00023
M. Loewe
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引用次数: 2
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Handbook on Social Protection Systems
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