Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00072
{"title":"Introduction: Effects","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781839109119.00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109119.00072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259224,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Social Protection Systems","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127981804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00083
J. Betz
{"title":"Globalization","authors":"J. Betz","doi":"10.4337/9781839109119.00083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109119.00083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259224,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Social Protection Systems","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116987242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00066
Katja Bender
{"title":"Public preferences","authors":"Katja Bender","doi":"10.4337/9781839109119.00066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109119.00066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259224,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Social Protection Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116233461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4135/9781412952583.n149
A. Wyatt
The article examines the principles and problems of the development of territorial communities in conditions of decentralization. The foreign experience of the development of territorial communities is considered. The status of the territorial community as a subject of local self-government is determined. The historical component of the origin of local self-government is highlighted. The article indicates that in the process of development of Ukrainian statehood there were many forms of local self-government, among which scientists distinguish: pre-colonial, colonial, reactionary-national,
{"title":"Decentralization","authors":"A. Wyatt","doi":"10.4135/9781412952583.n149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412952583.n149","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the principles and problems of the development of territorial communities in conditions of decentralization. The foreign experience of the development of territorial communities is considered. The status of the territorial community as a subject of local self-government is determined. The historical component of the origin of local self-government is highlighted. The article indicates that in the process of development of Ukrainian statehood there were many forms of local self-government, among which scientists distinguish: pre-colonial, colonial, reactionary-national,","PeriodicalId":259224,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Social Protection Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114893106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7131-2_100007
E. Schüring, Nicola Wiebe
{"title":"Actors","authors":"E. Schüring, Nicola Wiebe","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4939-7131-2_100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7131-2_100007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259224,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Social Protection Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127208250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00058
Dominique La Salle
{"title":"Delivering social insurance","authors":"Dominique La Salle","doi":"10.4337/9781839109119.00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109119.00058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259224,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Social Protection Systems","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116823124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00085
D. Malerba
{"title":"Climate change","authors":"D. Malerba","doi":"10.4337/9781839109119.00085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109119.00085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259224,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Social Protection Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124191410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00014
E. Schüring
{"title":"Social transfers","authors":"E. Schüring","doi":"10.4337/9781839109119.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109119.00014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259224,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Social Protection Systems","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131122212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00081
{"title":"Introduction: Major challenges and reform options","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781839109119.00081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109119.00081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259224,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Social Protection Systems","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121383958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781839109119.00044
Krzysztof Hagemejer, W. Scholz
At the beginning of 2020 with the globally spreading pandemic of COVID-19 and all its social and economic consequences, the importance of having comprehensive, universal and effective social protection systems became once again – like during all the major economic and social crises before – very clear (Gentilini et al. 2020; Chapter 43 of this volume). Countries with strong social protection systems, although needing to enhance many benefit provisions and extend coverage to reach those in non-standard forms of employment, still were coping better with the pandemic and had better chances of cushioning the resulting economic downturn. However, we know from past experience that after the crisis is over, austerity measures may focus again on limiting social expenditure under all kinds of excuses. The level of public social expenditure1 relative to gross domestic product varies widely across countries (ILO 2010b, 2014a, 2017; World Bank 2018). However, it often consumes (and one can say – should consume) more than half of available public financial resources. Therefore, all social policy decisions have – apart from other important social and economic consequences – significant impacts on overall public finances. That is one of the reasons why social policy requires careful and comprehensive financial planning. Such planning has to be supported by quality statistics, reliable accounting and financial projections for different time horizons: short-term, covering the next budget year, but also mediumand long-term projections. Many social policy decisions have an impact on public finances over many years in the future, often affecting more than one generation (Cichon et al. 1999a). Social protection (including health care) is one of the key areas of social policies, and also the one which consumes (also: should consume) the most significant resources. That is why the social budgeting approach described in this chapter has been developed to address challenges of coordinated social protection planning. However, the approach can be easily broadened to include other social policy areas like education, housing, water and sanitation and other social services. There are also close relationships between different social protection programmes. For example, establishing an unemployment benefit programme involves, in addition to funding the cost of unemployment benefits, planning and funding effective employment services. It also requires implementing a whole range of other labour market programmes aimed at providing training, retraining and other services enhancing the employability of job seekers as well as stimulating the willingness of employers to provide decent jobs. Higher expenditure on education and vocational training today may in the long run increase employability and
2020年初，随着2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行的全球蔓延及其所有社会和经济后果，建立全面、普遍和有效的社会保护体系的重要性再次变得非常明显——就像之前所有重大经济和社会危机期间一样(Gentilini et al. 2020;本卷第43章)。拥有强大社会保护制度的国家，虽然需要加强许多福利规定，并扩大覆盖范围，以覆盖那些从事非标准形式就业的人，但仍能更好地应对疫情，并更有可能缓解由此造成的经济衰退。然而，我们从过去的经验中知道，在危机结束后，紧缩措施可能会以各种借口再次集中在限制社会支出上。各国公共社会支出1相对于国内生产总值(gdp)的水平差异很大(ILO 2010b, 2014a, 2017;世界银行2018年)。然而，它经常消耗(或者说应该消耗)一半以上的可用公共财政资源。因此，除了其他重要的社会和经济后果外，所有社会政策决定都对整体公共财政产生重大影响。这就是为什么社会政策需要仔细和全面的财政规划的原因之一。这种规划必须得到高质量的统计、可靠的会计和不同时间范围的财务预测的支持:包括下一个预算年度的短期预测，以及中期和长期预测。许多社会政策决定对未来许多年的公共财政产生影响，通常影响不止一代人(Cichon et al. 1999a)。社会保护(包括保健)是社会政策的关键领域之一，也是消耗(也应消耗)最重要资源的领域。这就是为什么本章中描述的社会预算方法是为了应对协调社会保护规划的挑战而发展起来的。但是，这种办法可以很容易地扩大到包括教育、住房、水和卫生以及其他社会服务等其他社会政策领域。不同的社会保护方案之间也有密切的关系。例如，设立失业福利方案除了为失业福利的费用提供资金外，还涉及规划和资助有效的就业服务。它还需要执行一整套其他劳动力市场方案，旨在提供培训、再培训和其他服务，提高求职者的就业能力，并激发雇主提供体面工作的意愿。从长远来看，今天在教育和职业培训方面的更高支出可能会提高就业能力
{"title":"Social budgeting","authors":"Krzysztof Hagemejer, W. Scholz","doi":"10.4337/9781839109119.00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839109119.00044","url":null,"abstract":"At the beginning of 2020 with the globally spreading pandemic of COVID-19 and all its social and economic consequences, the importance of having comprehensive, universal and effective social protection systems became once again – like during all the major economic and social crises before – very clear (Gentilini et al. 2020; Chapter 43 of this volume). Countries with strong social protection systems, although needing to enhance many benefit provisions and extend coverage to reach those in non-standard forms of employment, still were coping better with the pandemic and had better chances of cushioning the resulting economic downturn. However, we know from past experience that after the crisis is over, austerity measures may focus again on limiting social expenditure under all kinds of excuses. The level of public social expenditure1 relative to gross domestic product varies widely across countries (ILO 2010b, 2014a, 2017; World Bank 2018). However, it often consumes (and one can say – should consume) more than half of available public financial resources. Therefore, all social policy decisions have – apart from other important social and economic consequences – significant impacts on overall public finances. That is one of the reasons why social policy requires careful and comprehensive financial planning. Such planning has to be supported by quality statistics, reliable accounting and financial projections for different time horizons: short-term, covering the next budget year, but also mediumand long-term projections. Many social policy decisions have an impact on public finances over many years in the future, often affecting more than one generation (Cichon et al. 1999a). Social protection (including health care) is one of the key areas of social policies, and also the one which consumes (also: should consume) the most significant resources. That is why the social budgeting approach described in this chapter has been developed to address challenges of coordinated social protection planning. However, the approach can be easily broadened to include other social policy areas like education, housing, water and sanitation and other social services. There are also close relationships between different social protection programmes. For example, establishing an unemployment benefit programme involves, in addition to funding the cost of unemployment benefits, planning and funding effective employment services. It also requires implementing a whole range of other labour market programmes aimed at providing training, retraining and other services enhancing the employability of job seekers as well as stimulating the willingness of employers to provide decent jobs. Higher expenditure on education and vocational training today may in the long run increase employability and","PeriodicalId":259224,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Social Protection Systems","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123369181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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