Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972028
Filipe M. de Brito, Gélson da Cruz Júnior, E. Frazzon, João P. Basto, S. G. S. Alcalá
The continuous adoption of Additive Manufacturing (AM) can enhance Supply Chain’s (SC) effectiveness, adaptability and competitiveness. AM allows for a decentralized SC, bringing production centres nearer to customers, increasing products availability and decreasing inventory level and lead time. However, the integration of SC and AM brings difficulties, leading to the need of a completely new SC design. This paper proposes an optimization model supporting the design of spare parts SCs operating under a Make-To-Order (MTO) strategy. The proposed approach considers the decision of deploying productive resources (3D printers) in locations of a spare parts SC. The problem is represented as a combination of the p-median and location-allocation optimization models, which are solved using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). The approach is tested in two scenarios from a real-world use case of an elevator maintenance service provider. Obtained results demonstrated the promising capabilities of the proposed approach for handling the new design challenges arising from the forthcoming widespread use of 3D printers in manufacturing SCs.
{"title":"An Optimization Model for the Design of Additive Manufacturing Supply Chains","authors":"Filipe M. de Brito, Gélson da Cruz Júnior, E. Frazzon, João P. Basto, S. G. S. Alcalá","doi":"10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972028","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous adoption of Additive Manufacturing (AM) can enhance Supply Chain’s (SC) effectiveness, adaptability and competitiveness. AM allows for a decentralized SC, bringing production centres nearer to customers, increasing products availability and decreasing inventory level and lead time. However, the integration of SC and AM brings difficulties, leading to the need of a completely new SC design. This paper proposes an optimization model supporting the design of spare parts SCs operating under a Make-To-Order (MTO) strategy. The proposed approach considers the decision of deploying productive resources (3D printers) in locations of a spare parts SC. The problem is represented as a combination of the p-median and location-allocation optimization models, which are solved using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). The approach is tested in two scenarios from a real-world use case of an elevator maintenance service provider. Obtained results demonstrated the promising capabilities of the proposed approach for handling the new design challenges arising from the forthcoming widespread use of 3D printers in manufacturing SCs.","PeriodicalId":260220,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130260579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972107
G. Soós, P. Varga
The number of network-connected devices increased exponentially at least during the last two decades. Although the robustness and long-term stability of these devices are relatively high, many of them outlast the purpose of their installation, sometimes even the life-cycle of its serving connection technology.The number of long-living, radio-transmitting, abandoned devices keeps increasing, especially with new deployments of Internet of Things (IoT) endpoints. Such equipment occupy radio resources in both licensed and public radio bands; moreover, they seize processing resources in networking equipment. This worrying situation should be taken care of. In the short term we can identify and ban such devices, but in the long term, proper, standardized life-cycle management should be put in place.This paper demonstrates the manifestation of this problem on 3GPP-based cellular networks (3G, 4G, and 5G), although similar issues are threatening for WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee and LoRaWAN technologies, as well. Furthermore, the paper presents methods to identify abandoned, non-operated or zombie devices, and proposes methods on refusing their access to the network, or – in the cellular case – forcing them into radio silence.
{"title":"On the Security Threat of Abandoned and Zombie Cellular IoT Devices","authors":"G. Soós, P. Varga","doi":"10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972107","url":null,"abstract":"The number of network-connected devices increased exponentially at least during the last two decades. Although the robustness and long-term stability of these devices are relatively high, many of them outlast the purpose of their installation, sometimes even the life-cycle of its serving connection technology.The number of long-living, radio-transmitting, abandoned devices keeps increasing, especially with new deployments of Internet of Things (IoT) endpoints. Such equipment occupy radio resources in both licensed and public radio bands; moreover, they seize processing resources in networking equipment. This worrying situation should be taken care of. In the short term we can identify and ban such devices, but in the long term, proper, standardized life-cycle management should be put in place.This paper demonstrates the manifestation of this problem on 3GPP-based cellular networks (3G, 4G, and 5G), although similar issues are threatening for WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee and LoRaWAN technologies, as well. Furthermore, the paper presents methods to identify abandoned, non-operated or zombie devices, and proposes methods on refusing their access to the network, or – in the cellular case – forcing them into radio silence.","PeriodicalId":260220,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127583967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972207
{"title":"INDIN 2019 Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems and Industrial Agents","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260220,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"20 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130945317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972076
Torben Deppe, Haitham Elfaham, U. Epple
The German initiative "Industrie 4.0" has introduced various new concepts, e.g., Asset Administration Shell (AAS), in the industrial automation which led to the increase of the available information in the network. Retrieving the endpoints where the data is located in the network became an essential task in order to establish an automated information exchange system. Various working groups have been formed to standardize the AAS structure. In this work, we propose a discovery server concept for asset properties using the standardized AAS. We reinforce the presented concept with a prototype implementation that uses queries to retrieve information based on the property value statement model specified in DIN SPEC 92000.
{"title":"Discovery Service for Industry 4.0 based on Property Value Statements","authors":"Torben Deppe, Haitham Elfaham, U. Epple","doi":"10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972076","url":null,"abstract":"The German initiative \"Industrie 4.0\" has introduced various new concepts, e.g., Asset Administration Shell (AAS), in the industrial automation which led to the increase of the available information in the network. Retrieving the endpoints where the data is located in the network became an essential task in order to establish an automated information exchange system. Various working groups have been formed to standardize the AAS structure. In this work, we propose a discovery server concept for asset properties using the standardized AAS. We reinforce the presented concept with a prototype implementation that uses queries to retrieve information based on the property value statement model specified in DIN SPEC 92000.","PeriodicalId":260220,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"14 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132870284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972248
{"title":"INDIN 2019 Safety and Security in Industrial Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260220,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132288305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972167
P. Nikander, Juuso Autiosalo, Santeri Paavolainen
The upsurge of Industrial Internet of Things is forcing industrial information systems to enable less hierarchical information flow. The connections between humans, devices, and their digital twins are growing in numbers, creating a need for new kind of security and trust solutions. To address these needs, industries are applying distributed ledger technologies, aka blockchains. A significant number of use cases have been studied in the sectors of logistics, energy markets, smart grid security, and food safety, with frequently reported benefits in transparency, reduced costs, and disintermediation. However, distributed ledger technologies have challenges with transaction throughput, latency, and resource requirements, which render the technology unusable in many cases, particularly with constrained Internet of Things devices.To overcome these challenges within the Industrial Internet of Things, we suggest a set of interledger approaches that enable trusted information exchange across different ledgers and constrained devices. With these approaches, the technically most suitable ledger technology can be selected for each use case while simultaneously enjoying the benefits of the most widespread ledger implementations. We present state of the art for distributed ledger technologies to support the use of interledger approaches in industrial settings.
{"title":"Interledger for the Industrial Internet of Things","authors":"P. Nikander, Juuso Autiosalo, Santeri Paavolainen","doi":"10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972167","url":null,"abstract":"The upsurge of Industrial Internet of Things is forcing industrial information systems to enable less hierarchical information flow. The connections between humans, devices, and their digital twins are growing in numbers, creating a need for new kind of security and trust solutions. To address these needs, industries are applying distributed ledger technologies, aka blockchains. A significant number of use cases have been studied in the sectors of logistics, energy markets, smart grid security, and food safety, with frequently reported benefits in transparency, reduced costs, and disintermediation. However, distributed ledger technologies have challenges with transaction throughput, latency, and resource requirements, which render the technology unusable in many cases, particularly with constrained Internet of Things devices.To overcome these challenges within the Industrial Internet of Things, we suggest a set of interledger approaches that enable trusted information exchange across different ledgers and constrained devices. With these approaches, the technically most suitable ledger technology can be selected for each use case while simultaneously enjoying the benefits of the most widespread ledger implementations. We present state of the art for distributed ledger technologies to support the use of interledger approaches in industrial settings.","PeriodicalId":260220,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123900429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972216
Dániel Kozma, P. Varga, G. Soós
While Industry 4.0 targets are theoretically set from various aspects, the approaches for covering some of its key areas are heterogeneous. The main pillars for Productive4.0 – a European research initiative with the industrial drive – are Digital Production, Product Lifecycle Management and Supply Chain Management. These are also key areas for Industry 4.0, and so far handled with heterogeneous approaches, toolsets – and success, indeed.This paper has two aims. First, to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art concepts regarding these three areas, filtered through the actual industrial requirements. Second, to survey the Arrowhead Framework concerning these areas, and suggest a homogeneous approach that can support not only the main vision of these three domains but the actual design-time and operational-time tasks needed to make the vision of Industry 4.0 reality.
{"title":"Supporting Digital Production, Product Lifecycle and Supply Chain Management in Industry 4.0 by the Arrowhead Framework – a Survey","authors":"Dániel Kozma, P. Varga, G. Soós","doi":"10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972216","url":null,"abstract":"While Industry 4.0 targets are theoretically set from various aspects, the approaches for covering some of its key areas are heterogeneous. The main pillars for Productive4.0 – a European research initiative with the industrial drive – are Digital Production, Product Lifecycle Management and Supply Chain Management. These are also key areas for Industry 4.0, and so far handled with heterogeneous approaches, toolsets – and success, indeed.This paper has two aims. First, to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art concepts regarding these three areas, filtered through the actual industrial requirements. Second, to survey the Arrowhead Framework concerning these areas, and suggest a homogeneous approach that can support not only the main vision of these three domains but the actual design-time and operational-time tasks needed to make the vision of Industry 4.0 reality.","PeriodicalId":260220,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124196288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972192
L. Ribeiro, Martin Hochwallner
The concept of Cyber-physical Production System has recently emerged. It emphasizes the expected and very close connection between industrial software systems and production assets on the next generation of intelligent industrial systems. The cyber-physical conceptualization hints at assets making their functions available through the so called administration shells. These are software structural design tenets that from, a functional perspective, will not only incorporate software interfacing aspects but also autonomous behaviour. There is an important body of practice in what is now perceived as cyber-physical integration. However, such work has taken a somehow informal approach to formalizing system engineering aspects and in particular to the impact of time-related constraints affecting, the design locally and, the CPPS as a whole. This paper provides a model that relates physical, logical and computational aspects of cyber-physical design from structural and behavioural perspectives. Its goal is to provide a starting point for designing cyber-physical components while supporting informed decision making in respect to software design, integration and deployment practices that enable these components to operate in cyber-physical synchronization.
{"title":"Time-related Constraints in Administration Shell Design within Cyber-physical Production Systems","authors":"L. Ribeiro, Martin Hochwallner","doi":"10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972192","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of Cyber-physical Production System has recently emerged. It emphasizes the expected and very close connection between industrial software systems and production assets on the next generation of intelligent industrial systems. The cyber-physical conceptualization hints at assets making their functions available through the so called administration shells. These are software structural design tenets that from, a functional perspective, will not only incorporate software interfacing aspects but also autonomous behaviour. There is an important body of practice in what is now perceived as cyber-physical integration. However, such work has taken a somehow informal approach to formalizing system engineering aspects and in particular to the impact of time-related constraints affecting, the design locally and, the CPPS as a whole. This paper provides a model that relates physical, logical and computational aspects of cyber-physical design from structural and behavioural perspectives. Its goal is to provide a starting point for designing cyber-physical components while supporting informed decision making in respect to software design, integration and deployment practices that enable these components to operate in cyber-physical synchronization.","PeriodicalId":260220,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124262643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972121
{"title":"Intelligent Application of Consumer Wireless Technologies for Industry","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260220,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114328249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972066
Massimo Ballerini, T. Polonelli, D. Brunelli, M. Magno, L. Benini
Low power and long-range communications are essential features of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm that is becoming widespread across a spectrum of industrial applications. In this paper, we present performance evaluation of the most promising long-range communication technologies, namely LoRaWAN and NB-IoT. We present accurate in-field measurements using a monitoring application as a testbench for a fair comparison in terms of energy efficiency and lifetime. Experimental results highlight that NB-IoT payload length does not impact on transmission energy. Thus, applications that implement buffering and caching techniques are favored. On the other hand, LoRaWAN consumes 10× less energy to transmit a payload equivalent to that of NB-IoT, thereby allowing longer end-device lifetime.
{"title":"Experimental Evaluation on NB-IoT and LoRaWAN for Industrial and IoT Applications","authors":"Massimo Ballerini, T. Polonelli, D. Brunelli, M. Magno, L. Benini","doi":"10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972066","url":null,"abstract":"Low power and long-range communications are essential features of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm that is becoming widespread across a spectrum of industrial applications. In this paper, we present performance evaluation of the most promising long-range communication technologies, namely LoRaWAN and NB-IoT. We present accurate in-field measurements using a monitoring application as a testbench for a fair comparison in terms of energy efficiency and lifetime. Experimental results highlight that NB-IoT payload length does not impact on transmission energy. Thus, applications that implement buffering and caching techniques are favored. On the other hand, LoRaWAN consumes 10× less energy to transmit a payload equivalent to that of NB-IoT, thereby allowing longer end-device lifetime.","PeriodicalId":260220,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114918380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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