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2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)最新文献

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Embedded systems for time–critical applications over Wi-Fi: design and experimental assessment 嵌入式系统的时间关键应用在Wi-Fi:设计和实验评估
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972168
Francesco Branz, R. Antonello, F. Tramarin, Tommaso Fedullo, S. Vitturi, L. Schenato
Networked embedded systems for industrial control based on wireless support provide several advantages over wired counterparts, but often reveal unsuitable for the most demanding industrial control applications, such as advanced manufacturing and cooperative robotics. Data exchange over IEEE 802.11 networks may theoretically represent an appropriate solution for time–critical applications, provided that unreliability and non– determinism issues are properly handled. In this respect, this paper hence proposes an original solution, based on a cross– layer approach, to allow the realization of high–speed industrial control–over–Wi-Fi networked embedded systems. The proposal implements a novel robust frame–delay state estimator, a time efficient communication policy, and a specific tuning of critical protocol parameters. Suitable hardware–in–the–loop experiments have been carried out implemented exploiting two different embedded systems. Preliminary results show that the proposed architecture enables industrial control applications requiring a sampling rate of up to 1 kHz, even in presence of non negligible communication errors.
基于无线支持的工业控制网络嵌入式系统提供了与有线系统相比的几个优势,但通常不适合最苛刻的工业控制应用,例如先进制造和协作机器人。在理论上,IEEE 802.11网络上的数据交换可能是时间关键型应用程序的适当解决方案,前提是不可靠性和非确定性问题得到妥善处理。在这方面,本文因此提出了一种基于跨层方法的原创解决方案,以允许实现高速工业控制- wi - fi网络嵌入式系统。该方案实现了一种新颖的鲁棒帧延迟状态估计器,一种时间高效的通信策略,以及对关键协议参数的特定调优。利用两种不同的嵌入式系统进行了相应的硬件在环实验。初步结果表明,即使在存在不可忽略的通信错误的情况下,所提出的架构也可以实现需要高达1khz采样率的工业控制应用。
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引用次数: 3
Towards automatic state machine reconstruction from legacy PLC using data collection 利用数据收集实现对传统PLC的自动状态机重建
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972143
D. Chivilikhin, Sandeep Patil, Anthony Cordonnier, V. Vyatkin
Today, more and more industries are considering moving towards being Industry 4.0 compliant. But this transition is not straightforward due to many reasons: in particular, transfer to new system can lead to significant production downtime and could result in delays and cost overruns. The best way is systematic seamless transition to newer and advanced technologies that Industry 4.0 offers. This paper proposes an automated synthesis framework that learns the behavior of existing legacy and often black-box programmable logic controllers and generates state machines that can be incorporated into IEC 61499 function blocks. The paper presents the toolchain architecture and exemplifies it on a laboratory scale Festo didactic mechatronic system.
如今,越来越多的行业正在考虑朝着符合工业4.0标准的方向发展。但是,由于许多原因,这种过渡并不简单:特别是,转移到新系统可能导致严重的生产停机时间,并可能导致延迟和成本超支。最好的方法是系统地无缝过渡到工业4.0提供的更新和先进技术。本文提出了一个自动合成框架,该框架可以学习现有遗留的和通常是黑盒可编程逻辑控制器的行为,并生成可以集成到IEC 61499功能块中的状态机。本文介绍了工具链体系结构,并在实验室规模的Festo教学机电系统中进行了实例验证。
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引用次数: 2
Machine Learning Applied to an Intelligent and Adaptive Robotic Inspection Station 机器学习在智能自适应机器人检测站中的应用
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972298
Luis Variz, Luis Piardi, P. J. Rodrigues, P. Leitão
Industry 4.0 promotes the use of emergent technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing, sustained by cyber-physical systems to reach smart factories. The idea is to decen-tralize the production systems and allow to reach monitoring, adaptation and optimization to be made in real time, based on the large amount of data available at shop floor that feed the use of machine learning techniques. This technological revolution will bring significant productivity gains, resources savings and reduced maintenance costs, as machines will have information to operate more efficiently, adaptable and following demand fluctuations. This paper discusses the application of supervised Machine Learning techniques allied with artificial vision, to implement an intelligent, collaborative and adaptive robotic inspection station, which carries out the quality control of Human Machine Interface (HMI) consoles, equipped with pressure buttons and LCD displays. Machine learning techniques were applied for the recognition of the operator’s face, to classify the type of HMI console to be inspected, to classify the state condition of the pressure buttons and detect anomalies in the LCD displays. The developed solution reaches promising results, with almost 100% accuracy in the correct classification of the consoles and anomalies in the pressure buttons, and also high values in the detection of defects in the LCD displays.
工业4.0促进了新兴技术的使用,如物联网(IoT)、大数据、人工智能(AI)和云计算,由网络物理系统支持,以达到智能工厂。其理念是分散生产系统,并基于车间可用的大量数据实时监控、调整和优化,这些数据可以为机器学习技术的使用提供支持。这一技术革命将带来显著的生产力提高、资源节约和维护成本降低,因为机器将拥有更有效运行的信息,适应能力更强,并能顺应需求波动。本文讨论了结合人工视觉的监督机器学习技术的应用,以实现一个智能、协作和自适应的机器人检测站,该检测站对配备压力按钮和LCD显示器的人机界面(HMI)控制台进行质量控制。机器学习技术用于识别操作员的面部,分类要检查的HMI控制台类型,分类压力按钮的状态状态,并检测LCD显示器中的异常。开发的解决方案取得了令人满意的结果,在控制台和压力按钮异常的正确分类方面几乎具有100%的准确性,并且在LCD显示器缺陷的检测方面也具有很高的价值。
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引用次数: 6
An Approach for adapting a Cobot Workstation to Human Operator within a Deep Learning Camera 深度学习相机中协作机器人工作站适应人类操作者的方法
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972238
Olatz De Miguel Lázaro, Wael M. Mohammed, Borja Ramis, Ronal Bejarano, J. Lastra
One of the major objectives of international projects in the field of Industrial Automation is to achieve a proper and safe human-robot collaboration. This will permit the coexistence of both humans and robots at factory shop floors, where each one has a clear role along the industrial processes. It’s a matter of fact that machines, including robots, have specific features that determine the kind of operation(s) that they can perform better. Similarly, human operators have a set of skills and knowledge that permits them to accomplish their tasks at work. This article proposes the adaptation of robots to the skills of human operators in order to implement an efficient, safe and comfortable synergy between robots and humans that are working at the same workspace. As a representative case of study, this research work describes an approach for adapting a cobot workstation to human operators within an installed deep learning camera on the cobot. First, the camera is used to recognize the human operator that collaborates with the robot. Then, the corresponding profile is processed and serves as an input to a module in charge of adapting specific features of the robot. In this manner, the robot can adapt e.g., to the speed of operation according to the skills of the worker or deliver parts to be manipulated according to the handedness of the human worker. In addition, the deep learning camera is used for stopping the process at any time that the worked leaves unexpectedly the workstation.
实现适当和安全的人机协作是工业自动化领域国际项目的主要目标之一。这将允许人类和机器人在工厂车间共存,每个人在工业过程中都有明确的角色。事实上,包括机器人在内的机器都有特定的特征,这些特征决定了它们能更好地完成哪种操作。同样,人类操作员也有一套技能和知识,使他们能够完成工作任务。本文提出了机器人适应人类操作员的技能,以实现在同一工作空间工作的机器人和人类之间高效、安全和舒适的协同作用。作为一个代表性的研究案例,本研究工作描述了一种在协作机器人上安装深度学习摄像头的情况下使协作机器人工作站适应人类操作员的方法。首先,摄像头被用来识别与机器人合作的人类操作员。然后,对相应的轮廓进行处理,并作为模块的输入,模块负责调整机器人的特定特征。通过这种方式,机器人可以根据工人的技能来适应操作速度,或者根据工人的惯用手来交付需要操作的部件。此外,深度学习摄像头用于在工作人员意外离开工作站时随时停止工作。
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引用次数: 14
Formalization of natural language requirements into temporal logics: a survey 将自然语言需求形式化为时间逻辑:综述
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972130
I. Buzhinsky
One of the challenges of requirements engineering is the fact that requirements are often formulated in natural language. This represents difficulty if requirements must be processed by formal approaches, especially if these approaches are intended to check the requirements. In model checking, a formal technique of verification by exhaustive state space exploration, requirements must be stated in formal languages (most commonly, temporal logics) which are essentially supersets of the Boolean propositional logic. Translation of natural language requirements to these languages is a process which requires much knowledge and expertise in model checking as well the ability to correctly understand these requirements, and hence automating this process is desirable. This paper reviews existing approaches of requirements formalization that are applicable for, or at least can be adapted to generation of discrete time temporal logic requirements. Based on the review, conclusions are made regarding the practical applicability of these approaches for the considered problem.
需求工程的挑战之一是需求通常是用自然语言表述的。如果需求必须通过正式的方法来处理,这就意味着困难,特别是如果这些方法是用来检查需求的。在模型检查(一种通过穷尽状态空间探索进行验证的形式化技术)中,需求必须用形式化语言(最常见的是时间逻辑)来陈述,这些语言本质上是布尔命题逻辑的超集。将自然语言需求翻译成这些语言是一个过程,它需要大量的模型检查知识和专业知识,以及正确理解这些需求的能力,因此自动化这个过程是可取的。本文回顾了现有的需求形式化方法,这些方法适用于,或者至少可以适应于离散时间时序逻辑需求的生成。在回顾的基础上,得出了关于这些方法对所考虑问题的实际适用性的结论。
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引用次数: 15
Applying semantics into Service-oriented IoT Framework 在面向服务的物联网框架中应用语义
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972295
An Ngoc Lam, Øystein Haugen
Introducing semantics into the Internet of Things (IoT) has been attracting increasing attention from researchers and industrial practitioners. Semantic technologies have been used to enable interoperability as well as deal with the heterogeneity, massive scale, and dynamic nature of IoT resources. With the emergence of Industry 4.0, semantic technologies arise as a potential approach toward information modeling and dynamic reconfiguration of highly complex automation systems with high diversity of domains, protocols, tools or hardware platforms. Applying semantics into existing IoT frameworks requires a thorough understanding of the framework architectures as well as careful considerations of different semantic technologies. To support this process, we survey the literature on the contributions and usage of semantics in IoT. We find that semantics are mainly used to handle interoperable systems and heterogeneous standards. In this paper, we also propose procedures for applying semantics into IoT frameworks. Further, we present our idea of using semantics to enable dynamical orchestration of services within the Arrowhead Framework - an IoT framework that supports the development of industrial automation systems.
将语义引入物联网(IoT)已经引起了研究人员和行业从业者越来越多的关注。语义技术已被用于实现互操作性,以及处理物联网资源的异构性、大规模和动态性。随着工业4.0的出现,语义技术作为一种潜在的方法出现,用于具有高度多样性的领域、协议、工具或硬件平台的高度复杂自动化系统的信息建模和动态重新配置。将语义应用到现有的物联网框架中,需要对框架架构有透彻的了解,并仔细考虑不同的语义技术。为了支持这一过程,我们调查了关于语义在物联网中的贡献和使用的文献。我们发现语义主要用于处理可互操作的系统和异构标准。在本文中,我们还提出了将语义应用于物联网框架的程序。此外,我们提出了使用语义在箭头框架(一个支持工业自动化系统开发的物联网框架)内实现服务动态编排的想法。
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引用次数: 13
Comparing Decoding Performance of LDPC Codes and Convolutional Codes for Short Packet Transmission LDPC码与卷积码在短分组传输中的解码性能比较
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972062
Yi Deng, Ming Zhan, Meng Wang, Chao Yang, Xiaohong Luo, Jie Zeng, Jing Guo
In the field of industrial automation research, wireless control in key application scenarios has become a research hotspot. Nevertheless, transmission over wireless channels in industrial environments is prone to interference, resulting in frequent erroneous packet deliveries. Forward Error Correction (FEC) code as an approach is able to effectively improve reliability and reduce the number of retransmissions. Therefore, channel coding needs further analysis to achieve better industrial wireless application. To this aim, this paper compares the decoding performance of convolutional codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes on the condition of short packet transmission. The metrics employed for evaluation are bit error rate (BER) and packet error rate (PER). The logarithmic belief propagation (Log-BP) algorithm and the Viterbi decoding algorithm are adopted to LDPC codes and convolutional codes respectively. The results show that the decoding algorithm of LDPC codes is prominent in short packet transmission.
在工业自动化研究领域,关键应用场景下的无线控制已成为研究热点。然而,在工业环境中,无线信道的传输容易受到干扰,导致频繁的错误数据包传输。前向纠错(FEC)码作为一种方法,能够有效地提高可靠性,减少重传次数。因此,信道编码需要进一步的分析,以实现更好的工业无线应用。为此,本文比较了卷积码和低密度奇偶校验码在短分组传输条件下的解码性能。用于评估的指标是误码率(BER)和包错误率(PER)。分别对LDPC码和卷积码采用对数信念传播(Log-BP)算法和Viterbi译码算法。结果表明,LDPC码的译码算法在短分组传输中具有突出的优越性。
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引用次数: 4
Production Planning with IEC 62264 and PDDL 符合IEC 62264和PDDL的生产计划
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972050
Bernhard Wally, J. Vyskočil, Petr Novák, C. Huemer, R. Šindelář, Petr Kadera, Alexandra Mazak, M. Wimmer
Smart production systems need to be able to adapt to changing environments and market needs. They have to reflect changes in (i) the reconfiguration of the production systems themselves, (ii) the processes they perform or (iii) the products they produce. Manual intervention for system adaptation is costly and potentially error-prone. In this article, we propose a model-driven approach for the automatic generation and regeneration of production plans that can be triggered anytime a change in any of the three aforementioned parameters occurs.
智能生产系统需要能够适应不断变化的环境和市场需求。它们必须反映以下方面的变化:(i)生产系统本身的重新配置,(ii)他们执行的过程或(iii)他们生产的产品。人工干预系统适应的成本很高,而且可能容易出错。在本文中,我们提出了一种模型驱动的方法,用于自动生成和再生生产计划,可以在上述三个参数中的任何一个发生更改时触发生产计划。
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引用次数: 11
A Method to Estimate Exogenous Disturbances in Nonlinear Systems Based on Equivalent-Input-Disturbance Approach 基于等效输入扰动法的非线性系统外源扰动估计方法
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972265
Xiang Yin, Jinhua She, Zhentao Liu, Min Wu, Daiki Sato, K. Hirota
A method to suppress exogenous disturbances in a nonlinear system is presented based on equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) approach. The nonlinear term is considered to be useful and should not be rejected in this paper. The method has two exceptional merits: it is a output-feedback control method, and the only restriction of the nonlinear term is used to ensure the stability of the NEID-based control system. Finally, the design procedure is illustrated by a numerical example.
提出了一种基于等效输入干扰(EID)方法抑制非线性系统外源干扰的方法。本文认为非线性项是有用的,不应被拒绝。该方法具有两个独特的优点:一是它是一种输出反馈控制方法,二是利用非线性项的唯一限制来保证基于neid的控制系统的稳定性。最后,通过数值算例说明了设计过程。
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引用次数: 0
IASelect: Finding Best-fit Agent Practices in Industrial CPS Using Graph Databases IASelect:使用图数据库在工业CPS中找到最适合的代理实践
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972272
Chandan Sharma, R. Sinha, P. Leitão
The ongoing fourth Industrial Revolution depends mainly on robust Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS). ICPS includes computing (software and hardware) abilities to control complex physical processes in distributed industrial environments. Industrial agents, originating from the well-established multi-agent systems field, provide complex and cooperative control mechanisms at the software level, allowing us to develop larger and more feature-rich ICPS. The IEEE P2660.1 standardisation project, "Recommended Practices on Industrial Agents: Integration of Software Agents and Low Level Automation Functions" focuses on identifying Industrial Agent practices that can benefit ICPS systems of the future. A key problem within this project is identifying the best-fit industrial agent practices for a given ICPS. This paper reports on the design and development of a tool to address this challenge. This tool, called IASelect, is built using graph databases and provides the ability to flexibly and visually query a growing repository of industrial agent practices relevant to ICPS. IASelect includes a front-end that allows industry practitioners to interactively identify best-fit practices without having to write manual queries.
正在进行的第四次工业革命主要依赖于强大的工业网络物理系统(ICPS)。ICPS包括在分布式工业环境中控制复杂物理过程的计算(软件和硬件)能力。工业代理起源于成熟的多代理系统领域,在软件层面提供复杂的协同控制机制,使我们能够开发更大、功能更丰富的ICPS。IEEE P2660.1标准化项目“工业代理的推荐实践:软件代理和低级自动化功能的集成”侧重于确定能够使未来的ICPS系统受益的工业代理实践。这个项目中的一个关键问题是为给定的ICPS确定最适合的工业代理实践。本文报告了解决这一挑战的工具的设计和开发。该工具名为IASelect,使用图形数据库构建,能够灵活、直观地查询与ICPS相关的不断增长的工业代理实践库。IASelect包括一个前端,它允许行业从业者交互式地识别最适合的实践,而无需编写手动查询。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)
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