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Transforming peri-urban territories through payment for ecosystem services networks in Southern Brazil 巴西南部通过生态系统服务网络付费改造城郊地区
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210030r1vu2022l4oa
N. Weins, Christian Luiz da Silva, T. Gadda, L. Ferreira
Abstract The importance of institutional arrangements for nature conservation, like Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) is recognized in the literature but needs more empirical exploration in peri-urban contexts where power imbalances play out more strongly due to urbanization drivers. We documented the actor configurations in the peri-urban environment of a watershed PES in Curitiba and conducted a Social Network Analysis (SNA) to enhance our analysis with a power layer. The analysis points to access advantages of powerful urban stakeholders to promote the commoditization of nature through PES, lacking stakeholder engagement which amplifies inequalities in peri-urban territories. In Brazil’s current political scenario the neglect of environmental institutions shows increasing effects on conservation. We point out potential for participation of more diverse actors and the integration of institutions to benefit the PES arrangement in terms of ecosystem flows and social equity.
生态系统服务支付(PES)等制度安排对自然保护的重要性已得到文献的认可,但需要在城市化驱动下权力失衡更为严重的城市周边环境中进行更多的实证探索。我们记录了库里蒂巴流域PES城郊环境中的行动者配置,并进行了社会网络分析(SNA),以增强我们的权力层分析。分析指出,利用强大的城市利益相关者的优势,通过PES促进自然商品化,缺乏利益相关者参与,放大了城郊地区的不平等。在巴西目前的政治情况下,忽视环境制度对保护的影响越来越大。我们指出,在生态系统流动和社会公平方面,更多不同行为者的参与和机构整合的潜力有利于PES安排。
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引用次数: 0
Oceano como tema interdisciplinar na educação básica brasileira 海洋作为巴西基础教育的跨学科主题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210134vu2023l2ao
N. P. Ghilardi-Lopes, M. Motokane, J. Barradas, L. Y. Xavier, Elisa van Sluys Menck, Ana Clara Sampaio Franco, Alexander Turra
Resumo Há grande desconhecimento da ciência sobre o Oceano e uma desconexão entre conhecimento científico e entendimento público sobre este ambiente. Considerando a importância da Cultura Oceânica na sociedade, ilustramos nesse estudo como a complexidade e a transversalidade do Oceano possibilita diálogos e reflexões disciplinares e interdisciplinares nas escolas. Baseado em uma análise documental, o presente trabalho identificou a presença e frequência de relações entre as Competências Específicas (CE) da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC - Ensino Médio) e os Princípios da Cultura Oceânica, com base em conteúdos das Ciências da Natureza. Foram identificadas relações entre todos os Princípios e todas as CE, favorecidas por aspectos como interdisciplinaridade, fazer científico, dimensão social e complexidade. Considerando o caráter ilustrativo do presente trabalho, enfatizamos a potencialidade do uso do Oceano como tema integrador e a necessidade de processos formativos de educadores e de planejamento de propostas pedagógicas escolares abrangendo o tema.
摘要海洋科学知识不足,科学知识与公众对海洋环境的理解脱节。考虑到海洋文化在社会中的重要性,本研究说明了海洋的复杂性和横向性如何使学校的对话和学科和跨学科反思成为可能。摘要本研究以文献分析为基础,以自然科学内容为基础,确定了国家共同课程基础(BNCC - Ensino medio)的具体能力与海洋文化原则之间关系的存在和频率。所有原则和所有ec之间的关系被确定,受到跨学科、科学实践、社会维度和复杂性等方面的青睐。考虑到这项工作的说明性,我们强调利用海洋作为一个综合主题的潜力,以及教育工作者的形成过程和学校教育建议的规划的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Universidade, conhecimentos tradicionais e possibilidades de produção científica decolonial 大学、传统知识和非殖民化科学生产的可能性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200063r3vu2022l4ao
Charleston Silva de Souza, F. Romagnoli
Resumo O desequilíbrio ambiental global evidenciou uma crise civilizatória. Embora tenha produzido grandes contribuições à vida em sociedade, a ciência moderna se constituiu de forma eurocêntrica e excludente. Com isso, pessoas de saberes diversos, como indígenas, quilombolas e ribeirinhos, foram afastadas do ambiente acadêmico-científico. A partir de autores como Enrique Dussel, Boaventura Sousa Santos e Enrique Leff, este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir sobre como vivências de estudantes universitários de diferentes origens podem contribuir para o enriquecimento científico e para uma ciência decolonial. Informações foram levantadas a partir de observações e entrevistas com universitários amazônidas. Os resultados mostraram que o arcabouço de conhecimentos desses estudantes tem sido subutilizado, o que se reflete em sua desvalorização no ambiente acadêmico. Maior integração universidade-sociedade, o diálogo e a ecologia de saberes constituem propostas para permitir maior integração desses estudantes e a construção de uma produção científica decolonial.
全球环境失衡凸显了文明危机。尽管现代科学对社会生活做出了巨大贡献,但它是以欧洲为中心和排他的方式构成的。因此,不同知识的人,如土著、歌伦波拉人和河边居民,被排除在学术和科学环境之外。本文以恩里克·杜塞尔、博文图拉·苏萨·桑托斯和恩里克·莱夫等作者为基础,探讨不同背景的大学生的经历如何有助于科学的丰富和非殖民化科学。这些信息是通过对亚马逊大学生的观察和采访收集的。结果表明,这些学生的知识框架没有得到充分利用,这反映在他们在学术环境中的贬值。更大的大学-社会融合、对话和知识生态是允许这些学生更大程度融合和非殖民化科学生产建设的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Discharge of in-disuse medications by Itapetininga population, São Paulo State, Brazil 巴西圣保罗州,Itapetininga人群停用药物的排放情况
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210042r2vu2022l4oa
Jacqueline Pereira da Silva, Flávio Morgado
Abstract The aim of the current article is to evaluate the ways of disposing medications in disuse adopted by the population in Itapetininga City, São Paulo State, Brazil. Cross-sectional study carried out with 182 subjects who attended health facilities. It was performed through a questionnaire about the disposal of medication kept in “home pharmacies”. In total, 2.7% of the 182 respondents properly disposed medication (delivery to health facilities) - 5.5% accounted for the correct discard of it, but, yet, it was associated with some inappropriate behavior. There was no leftover medication in 14.8% of “home pharmacies” likely because of delivery at correct medication amount and of adherence to treatment - 77% of the ducts could cause environmental damage. In total, 65% of the 182 respondents kept medication in disuse for further use and 10% of them used to donate medication to neighbors, friends and relatives - these behaviors are considered inappropriate due to likely self-medication and storage issues. In conclusion, there is the need of environmental and health education for both the population and health professionals.
摘要:本研究的目的是评价巴西圣保罗州伊塔佩廷加市人群处理废弃药物的方式。横断面研究对182名到卫生机构就诊的受试者进行。调查通过一份关于“家庭药房”药品处置情况的调查问卷进行。总的来说,182个答复者中有2.7%妥善处置了药物(交付给卫生机构)——5.5%的人正确丢弃了药物,但是,这与一些不适当的行为有关。14.8%的“家庭药房”没有剩余药物,这可能是因为给药量正确和坚持治疗——77%的管道可能会造成环境破坏。182名受访者中,65%的人将不再使用的药物保留以供进一步使用,10%的人曾将药物捐赠给邻居、朋友和亲戚——由于可能存在自我用药和储存问题,这些行为被认为是不合适的。最后,需要对人口和保健专业人员进行环境和保健教育。
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引用次数: 0
Percepción del deshielo glaciar y el cambio climático en pobladores andinos de Perú: abordaje interdisciplinario 秘鲁安第斯居民对冰川融化和气候变化的感知:跨学科方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200227r2vu2022l3ao
Fredy S. Monge-Rodríguez, Christian Huggel, Luis Vicuña
Resumen Analizar de manera interdisciplinaria la percepción del deshielo glaciar y el cambio climático en comunidades andinas de Perú, nos permite tener una mejor comprensión del problema. El objetivo del estudio es proponer el abordaje interdisciplinario y presentar los resultados de los constructos psicológicos evaluados. Los resultados evidencian relación entre la percepción del deshielo glaciar y el riesgo del cambio climático. La mayoría de habitantes de la comunidad, perciben que los glaciares en el futuro disminuirán. Presentan alta preocupación por los riesgos del cambio climático a nivel personal y social. La conciencia sobre el retiro de los glaciares y los efectos del cambio climático generan mayor disposición para asumir conductas de adaptación y mitigación. Finalmente, se discuten las implicancias de los hallazgos en la comunicación de riesgos y se siguieren futuras líneas de investigación.
本文的目的是分析在墨西哥和拉丁美洲的不同地区,在不同的国家,在不同的国家,在不同的国家,在不同的国家,在不同的国家,在不同的国家,在不同的国家,在不同的国家,在不同的国家,在不同的国家,在不同的国家,在不同的国家,在不同的国家本研究的目的是提出跨学科的方法,并提出心理建构评估的结果。本研究的目的是评估冰川融化的感知与气候变化风险之间的关系。社区的大多数人认为冰川在未来会减少。他们高度关注气候变化的个人和社会风险。对冰川退缩和气候变化影响的认识使人们更愿意采取适应和缓解行动。最后,讨论了这些发现对风险沟通的影响,并遵循了未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Ruptures from the cattle policy: An analysis according to the Sustainable Development Goals 畜牧业政策的断裂:基于可持续发展目标的分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20220021l5oa
Lígia Amoroso Galbiati, Axel Bastián Poque González, Nathalia Moreira dos Santos, R. Palmieri, Evelin Ribeiro Rodrigues
Abstract Brazil has experienced a notable weakening of its institutional framework related to the implementation of an agenda for sustainability since the Jair Bolsonaro Administration. Aiming to identify trends and ruptures, this paper explores four axes of current Brazilian environmental governance, taking four Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an analysis tool: Gender (SDG 5), Energy (SDG 7), Solid Waste (SDG 12), and Life on Land (SDG 15). The study is structured as a critical essay, supported by the historical evolution of the indicators associated with the analyzed SDGs. It is concluded that there has been a weakening of environmental governance, within an understanding of the importance of a multi-stakeholder articulation and participatory governance. It is verified that there cracks have developed since 2019 at the federal level, with a discontinuity in a number of key policies, while at the territorial levels, there are historical trends that already showed injustices in the social and environmental scope, which have been aggravated in the face of the COVID-19 crisis.
自雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗(Jair Bolsonaro)政府执政以来,巴西在实施可持续发展议程方面的制度框架明显减弱。为了确定趋势和断裂,本文探讨了当前巴西环境治理的四个轴,以四个可持续发展目标(SDG)作为分析工具:性别(SDG 5),能源(SDG 7),固体废物(SDG 12)和陆地生命(SDG 15)。该研究的结构是一篇批判性文章,并以与所分析的可持续发展目标相关的指标的历史演变为支撑。本文的结论是,在对多方利益相关者的联系和参与式治理的重要性的理解范围内,环境治理的力度有所减弱。经核实,自2019年以来,在联邦一级出现了裂缝,一些关键政策出现了不连续性,而在地区一级,已经出现了社会和环境方面的不公正的历史趋势,面对2019冠状病毒病危机,这种趋势进一步加剧。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainability as a perspective for the repowering of small hydroelectric plants in Brazil: estimation method 可持续性作为巴西小型水力发电厂重新供电的视角:估算方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20200069r1vu2022l3oa
Marcos André de Oliveira, Márcio Santos Sepúlvia de Oliveira, Anna Karolyne Souza Miranda
Abstract Repowering is a sustainable option for relatively old hydroelectric plants. However, it is still in the process of developing its technical, socio-environmental and regulatory aspects in Brazil. Moreover, there are few papers available in the literature on the subject. A gap in the area is the lack of methodologies that direct the measurement of benefits in suitable enterprises, to prioritize the most opportune ones, reduce risks, and encourage this practice nationally, regionally, and among agents. This paper presents a theoretical discussion of the practices currently employed and proposes an accessible method (simple, fast and low cost) to support decision-making regarding the applicability of repowering in small hydroelectric plants. The results show the environmental sustainability of the practice given the limitations and challenges that currently involve the construction of large hydroelectric plants.
对于相对老旧的水力发电厂来说,重新供电是一种可持续的选择。然而,它在巴西仍处于发展其技术、社会环境和管理方面的过程中。此外,在文献中很少有关于这个主题的论文。该领域的一个差距是缺乏指导适当企业利益衡量的方法,以优先考虑最合适的企业,减少风险,并鼓励在国家、区域和代理人之间进行这种做法。本文对目前采用的方法进行了理论讨论,并提出了一种简便、快速、低成本的方法来支持小水电厂再发电的适用性决策。结果表明,考虑到目前涉及大型水力发电厂建设的限制和挑战,这种做法的环境可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Inclusão social e governança no Conselho gestor da Área de Proteção Ambiental Costa dos Corais Costa dos Corais环境保护区管理委员会的社会包容和治理
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210074r1vu2022l3ao
Caroline Kempim Neves de Souza, E. D. Barros, Inaê Farias V. Dantas, Chiara Bragagnolo, A. C. M. Malhado, V. Selva
Resumo A participação da sociedade nas arenas de tomada das decisões é fundamental para alcançar uma gestão ambiental efetiva. Este trabalho buscou avaliar a efetividade da inclusão, enquanto princípio de boa governança, no Conselho gestor da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Costa dos Corais. Para isso, foram analisados documentos institucionais, realizadas entrevistas com os gestores e conselheiros e aplicados 375 questionários com moradores de Porto de Pedras e São Miguel dos Milagres - Alagoas. Os resultados mostram desequilíbrio na representatividade e na influência dos setores dentro do Conselho. As Organizações não-governamentais ambientais/pesquisa, turismo, ensino/pesquisa científica e poderes executivos federal e estadual influenciaram fortemente a tomada de decisões, enquanto o setor da pesca e os moradores tiveram participação moderada e fraca. A inclusão social é essencial para a boa governança de áreas protegidas, entretanto outros princípios como a transparência e a justiça necessitam estar integrados para que ela de fato aconteça.
社会参与决策是实现有效环境管理的基础。本研究旨在评估环境保护区管理委员会(APA) Costa dos Corais将纳入作为良好治理原则的有效性。为此,我们分析了机构文件,对管理人员和顾问进行了访谈,并对波尔图德佩德拉斯和sao Miguel dos Milagres - Alagoas的居民进行了375份问卷调查。结果显示,理事会内各部门的代表性和影响力不平衡。环境/研究非政府组织、旅游、教育/科学研究以及联邦和州行政权力对决策产生了强烈的影响,而渔业部门和居民的参与程度中等或较低。社会包容对保护区的良好治理至关重要,但需要将透明度和正义等其他原则纳入其中,才能真正实现这一目标。
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引用次数: 1
Book review: Transforming universities in the midst of global crisis: A university for the common good 书评:在全球危机中改变大学:一所为共同利益服务的大学
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc2022154vu2023l2rev
S. Ratuva
Abstract This article provides a review of Transforming Universities in the Midst of Global Crisis: A University for the Common Good, authored by Richard Hil, Kristen Lyons and Fern Thompsett.
本文回顾了理查德·希尔、克里斯汀·莱昂斯和弗恩·汤普森合著的《全球危机中的大学转型:一所面向共同利益的大学》一书。
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引用次数: 0
Development of questionnaire to indicate positions in relation to Sustainable Societies based on correlated concepts 根据相关概念编制问卷,表明对可持续社会的立场
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1809-4422asoc20220009r1vu2023l2oa
Leandro F. A. Santos, Luís Gustavo Arruda, Marilua Damasceno, Beatriz Sinelli Laham, A. Costa-Pinto
Abstract Presents the process of preparing the Composite Index of Social and Environmental Concepts (ICCSA): a multi-response model questionnaire that addresses the themes of Environmental Education, Sustainability and Environment from the perspective of the transition to Sustainable Societies. During the elaboration process, two internal consistency and validity analysis phases were conducted with participation of experts. The final version of the ICCSA presents 43 statements, arranged in six dimensions, suggesting sufficiency in terms of internal reliability and content and discriminant validity. The results show that the instrument can be used to indicate stances in relation to the transition to Sustainable Societies. It is recommended that future studies be carried out, with larger populations, to complement the reliability and validity analyzes with non-specialist participants. ICCSA is available for any researchers who might wish to use it.
摘要:介绍了社会和环境概念综合指数(ICCSA)的编制过程:一个多回答模型问卷,从向可持续社会过渡的角度解决环境教育、可持续性和环境主题。在制定过程中,在专家的参与下进行了两个内部一致性和效度分析阶段。公务员制度标准的最后版本有43项陈述,按六个方面排列,表明在内部信度和内容以及区别效度方面是充分的。结果表明,该工具可用于表明与向可持续社会过渡有关的立场。建议将来进行更大规模的研究,以补充非专业参与者的信度和效度分析。ICCSA可供任何希望使用它的研究人员使用。
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引用次数: 0
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Ambiente & Sociedade
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