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Semiotic Analysis of the Meaning of Social Support in the Lyrics of the Song Pelukku Untuk Pelikmu by Fiersa Besari 菲尔萨·贝萨里《Pelukku Untuk Pelikmu》歌词中社会支持意义的符号学分析
Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.55849/jiltech.v2i2.459
Rachmat Hidayat, Nurliah Nurliah
"Pelukku Untuk Pelikmu" is a musical work from a musician and book writer, Fiersa Besari. It was released as the soundtrack of the movie "Imperfect: Career, Love, & Scales" in 2019. Carrying the theme of self-confidence from one's insecure nature, this song is also intended for those who experience downturns and experience mental decline due to various problems in life so that they need positive encouragement to rise from these conditions. Therefore, indicators of social support are closely related and can be measured using sign analysis proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure. In his theory, Saussure describes five language concepts in the linguistic system that can be a knife to dissect the meaning of a text or sentence. Meanwhile, social support is divided into four types, namely emotional support, information support, instrumental/real support, and friendship support. The results of the meaning in the song lyrics will then classify each sentence in it into one of these types of support. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative by analyzing the relationship between Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic theory and the concept of social support and then drawing conclusions based on the results of the analysis.
“Pelukku Untuk Pelikmu”是音乐家兼作家Fiersa Besari的音乐作品。这首歌在2019年作为电影《不完美:事业、爱情和尺度》的原声音乐发行。这首歌的主题是从一个人的不安全感中获得自信,这首歌也适合那些因生活中的各种问题而经历低谷和精神衰退的人,他们需要积极的鼓励来从这些情况中站起来。因此,社会支持的指标是密切相关的,可以使用费迪南德·德·索绪尔提出的符号分析法来测量。在他的理论中,索绪尔描述了语言系统中的五个语言概念,它们可以成为剖析文本或句子意义的一把刀。同时,社会支持分为四种类型,即情感支持、信息支持、工具/现实支持和友谊支持。然后根据歌词的含义将歌词中的每个句子分类为这些支持类型之一。本研究采用描述性定性的方法,通过分析索绪尔的符号学理论与社会支持概念之间的关系,然后根据分析结果得出结论。
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引用次数: 0
A Corpus-based Analysis of Modal Auxiliaries of William Golding’s Novel “The Lord of Flies” 基于语料库的威廉·戈尔丁小说《蝇王》情态助词分析
Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.55849/jiltech.v2i2.461
Anwar Nada, Alkadr Ajwan
This study aimed to identify the types of modal auxiliaries and the meanings of modal auxiliaries in the novel The Lord of Flies by William Golding. This study uses mixed methods. First, this study used corpus-based quantitative data to obtain modal auxiliary in The Lord of Flies novel examined by looking at the concordance and frequency of the Ant Conc software tools. Second, the data analysis process used qualitative methods to show the function or meaning of the modal auxiliary verbs in The Lord of Flies novel. Based on data analysis, it shows that there are 549 modal auxiliary verbs in The Lord of Flies novel divided into 9 types of modals, namely the modal could with an occurrence frequency of 161 times (24.49%), the modal can with an occurrence frequency of 136 times (24.91%), the modal would appear with a frequency of 111 times (20.33%), the modal might appear with a frequency of 41 times (7.69%), the modal must appear with a frequency of 37 times (6.78%), the modal should appear with a frequency of 22 times (4.03%), the modal will appear with a frequency of 15 times (2.75%), the modal may appear with a frequency of 14 times (2.56%), and the modal shall appear with a frequency of 8 times (1.47%). And the meanings of modal auxiliary verbs in The Lord of Flies novel are intentional, epistemic, deontic, and dynamic meanings.
本研究旨在识别威廉·戈尔丁小说《蝇王》中情态助动词的类型和意义。本研究采用混合方法。首先,本研究利用基于语料库的定量数据获取小说《蝇王》中的情态助动词,通过观察Ant Conc软件工具的一致性和频率进行检验。其次,采用定性的方法对《蝇王》小说中情态助动词的功能或意义进行分析。根据数据分析,结果表明,有549个情态助动词在主里的苍蝇小说分为9种情态动词,即模态可以发生频率的161次(24.49%)、发生频率的模态可以136次(24.91%),会出现模态频率的111次(20.33%),41次的模态可能出现的频率(7.69%),37倍的模态必须出现的频率(6.78%),情态出现频率为22次(4.03%),情态出现频率为15次(2.75%),情态出现频率为14次(2.56%),情态出现频率为8次(1.47%)。《蝇王》情态助动词的意义有意向性意义、认识性意义、道义性意义和动态性意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Utilization of the Design Application for Arabic Learning 设计应用在阿拉伯语学习中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.55849/jiltech.v2i1.220
Angga Frananda, Tehn Werry, Anne Wais
The purpose of this study was to describe the use of the Canva application as an effort to increase students' interest in learning Arabic. This research uses a library research method. The sources of this literature are journals and books similar to this research. One of the learning developments can be in the form of e-modules. And this can be done using the Canva app. The Canva application is one of the online applications that can be free or paid. This application can also be used to design learning media with several interesting templates, the presentation of shapes, images, colors, and letters also has many variations. How to use this application is to create a Canva account, design, choose a background, edit the background, add text, and lastly, download or share text. By using this Canva application, students can create more interesting Arabic teaching materials. Therefore, through e-modules, Arabic subjects are interesting so that they can strengthen students' learning interest in distance learning and also not boring
本研究的目的是描述Canva应用程序的使用,以提高学生学习阿拉伯语的兴趣。本研究采用图书馆研究法。这些文献的来源是与本研究相似的期刊和书籍。其中一种学习发展可以采用电子模块的形式。这可以使用Canva应用程序来完成。Canva应用程序是在线应用程序之一,可以免费或付费。这个应用程序也可以用来设计学习媒体与几个有趣的模板,形状,图像,颜色和字母的表示也有许多变化。如何使用这个应用程序是创建一个Canva帐户,设计,选择背景,编辑背景,添加文本,最后,下载或共享文本。通过使用这个Canva应用程序,学生可以创建更多有趣的阿拉伯语教材。因此,通过e-module,让阿拉伯语科目变得有趣,既可以增强学生远程学习的兴趣,又不会枯燥
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引用次数: 0
Development of Arabic E-Book Media Based on Flip PDF Professional Application for Students 基于Flip PDF专业学生应用的阿拉伯语电子媒体开发
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.55849/jiltech.v2i1.243
Utzinger Morales, Schittny Joanan, Hirsiger Julia
The learning process in which the atmosphere brings boredom and laziness and the lack of use of learning media is one of the factors in the lack of effective learning and the lack of enthusiasm of students in learning. For example, when learning takes place in schools, educators still use package books as materials in the learning process, so that educators cannot create a learning atmosphere. Therefore, educators need to increase their creativity by developing skills in making teaching materials in the form of utilizing technology-based learning media such as developing Arabic e-books using the Flip PDF Professional application. The purpose of this study was to develop Arabic e-books with the professional flip pdf application for junior high school students. In developing this e-book, researchers used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Borg & Gall technique, the subjects in this study were 125 junior high school students. Based on large-scale testing, the results of the questionnaire of students' learning independence in the e-book developed reached an average percentage of 82%, namely the "Good" assessment and also included the "High" category. The results of small-scale testing in the questionnaire assessment of students' interest in learning in the e-book developed reached an average percentage of 85%, namely the "Good" assessment and included the "High" category. Based on small-scale testing, the results of the questionnaire of students' interest in learning in the e-book developed reached an average percentage of 85%, namely the assessment of "Good" and included the "High" category. From the results of this study, the researcher concluded that the Flip PDF Proffessional-based E-book for students developed was able to increase students' interest in learning and learning independence.
在学习过程中,氛围带来的无聊和懒惰以及学习媒介的缺乏使用是导致学生学习效果不佳、学习积极性不高的因素之一。例如,在学校进行学习时,教育工作者在学习过程中仍然使用包装书籍作为材料,使教育工作者无法创造学习氛围。因此,教育工作者需要提高他们的创造力,以利用基于技术的学习媒体的形式来开发制作教材的技能,例如使用Flip PDF专业应用程序开发阿拉伯语电子书。本研究的目的是为初中生开发具有专业翻转pdf应用程序的阿拉伯语电子书。在电子书的开发过程中,研究人员采用了Borg & Gall技术的研究与开发(R&D)方法,本研究的对象为125名初中生。基于大规模测试,开发的电子书学生学习独立性问卷结果平均达到82%,即“好”评价,也包括“高”类别。在开发的电子书学生学习兴趣问卷评估中,小规模测试结果平均达到85%,即“好”评估,并包含“高”类别。经小规模测试,所开发的学生对电子书的学习兴趣调查问卷结果平均达到85%,即“好”的评估,并包含“高”类别。从研究结果来看,研究人员认为开发的Flip PDF专业版学生电子书能够提高学生的学习兴趣和学习独立性。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in the Use of Google Meet Apps for Arabic Language Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,使用谷歌会面应用程序学习阿拉伯语的趋势
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.55849/jiltech.v2i1.247
Million Tomas, Villeda Thomas, Chasson Luciani
In the past few years, Asia has been shocked by a covid-19 outbreak with the existence of this outbreak hampering the existing work system in Asia. Thus the teaching and learning process at school is replaced by learning at home or other languages called distance learning, one way to keep the teaching and learning process going is to use Google Meet media, here the researcher has the aim of how the responses of the community and students with learning at home or distance learning using Google Meet media, and how influential it is to use Google Meet media during the pandemic. researchers conducted observations with the subject Junior High School to find out how activities in conducting the learning process online and student responses to the use of Google Meet in learning Arabic. this type of research is using quantitative research, as the object in students and teachers at Junior High School. This type of research is using quantitative research, as objects in students and teachers at Junior High School. The data collection techniques used are observation and interview techniques. The results of this study aim to help students and teachers to be able to apply the Google Meet application to the Arabic language learning process at school and can motivate students in using the application. Based on the results of observations made at Junior High School, researchers can find out the use of google meet applications and applications in Arabic language learning that can be used by educators and students.  And it is hoped that further researchers can use this application in other lessons that can be applied by educators and students so that the teaching and learning process can be carried out effectively and efficiently
过去几年,亚洲一直受到新冠肺炎疫情的冲击,疫情的存在阻碍了亚洲现有的工作体系。因此,学校的教学过程被在家学习或其他称为远程学习的语言所取代,保持教学过程的一种方法是使用Google Meet媒体,在这里,研究人员的目标是社区和学生使用Google Meet媒体在家学习或远程学习的反应,以及在大流行期间使用Google Meet媒体的影响力。研究人员以初中为研究对象进行了观察,以了解在线学习过程中的活动以及学生对使用Google Meet学习阿拉伯语的反应。这类研究采用定量研究的方法,以初中学生和教师为研究对象。这种类型的研究是采用定量研究,以初中学生和教师为对象。使用的数据收集技术是观察和访谈技术。本研究的结果旨在帮助学生和教师能够将Google Meet应用程序应用到学校的阿拉伯语学习过程中,并可以激励学生使用该应用程序。根据在初中的观察结果,研究人员可以发现在阿拉伯语学习中使用google meet应用程序和应用程序,这些应用程序可以被教育工作者和学生使用。希望今后的研究人员可以将该应用程序应用到其他课程中,供教育工作者和学生使用,使教与学的过程更加有效和高效地进行
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引用次数: 1
Difficulties of Non-Arabic Study Program Students in Arabic Teaching and Learning Process at ITB AAS Indonesia 非阿拉伯语学习项目学生在印尼理工学院阿拉伯语教学过程中的困难
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.55849/jiltech.v2i1.383
Tira Nur Fitria, Wang Lita, Sun Limei, Bevoor Bevoor
This study investigates the difficulties of Non-Arabic study program students in Arabic learning at ITB AAS Indonesia. This research uses descriptive qualitative. This study involves 60 students of the Economy Sharia study program. The analysis shows internal and external factors of students’ difficulties in Arabic learning. The internal factors are 1) difficulty in writing Hijaiyah letters at the beginning of, in the middle, and at the end of the sentence. 2) difficulty in writing Hijaiyah letters in computer typing because it must have an Arabic Typesetting font. 3) belief that writing Arabic letters is more difficult than writing Latin letters, 4) difficulty in reading recitation (Tajwid). 5) belief that learning Arabic is more difficult than Indonesian and English. 6) belief that many Mufrodat includes Isim, Fi'il, and Harf. 7) many rules for changing words and writing an Arabic sentence. Besides, external factors are 1) many foreign expressions or Arabic terms that are different from Indonesia. 2) lack of learning media of Arabic textbooks. 3) lack of facilities in the language laboratory. 4) lack of environment, association, social, and culture in learning Arabic. 5) lack of self-support and motivation in learning Arabic. 6) influence of the first language (regional) and the second language (Indonesian). 7) Arabic learning time is short to 1 week. 8) a lot of Arabic material in one semester. 9) too many students in a class. 10) situation in the Arabic class is not conducive.
本研究调查了印尼印尼理工学院非阿拉伯语学习项目学生在阿拉伯语学习中的困难。本研究采用描述性定性方法。这项研究涉及60名经济伊斯兰教法研究项目的学生。分析了学生阿拉伯语学习困难的内因和外因。内部因素是1)在句子的开头、中间和结尾写Hijaiyah字母有困难。2)在电脑打字中书写Hijaiyah字母有困难,因为它必须使用阿拉伯排版字体。3)认为写阿拉伯字母比写拉丁字母更难;4)难以阅读背诵(Tajwid)。5)相信学习阿拉伯语比学习印尼语和英语更难;6)相信许多穆斯林教包括伊斯兰教、伊斯兰教和伊斯兰教;7)相信改变单词和写阿拉伯语句子有许多规则。此外,外部因素是:1)有许多与印尼不同的外来语表达或阿拉伯语术语。2)缺乏阿拉伯语教科书的学习媒介。语言实验室缺乏设备。4)学习阿拉伯语缺乏环境、协会、社会和文化。5)学习阿拉伯语缺乏自我支持和动力。6)第一语言(地区)和第二语言(印尼语)的影响。7)阿拉伯语学习时间短至1周。一个学期要学很多阿拉伯语的材料。9)一个班学生太多。在阿拉伯语课上的情况是不利的。
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引用次数: 0
Students' Perception of Kahoot Media Utilization in Arabic Language Learning 学生对阿拉伯语学习中Kahoot媒介使用的认知
Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.55849/jiltech.v1i3.182
Sahirin Agil, Amina Intes, Guilin Xie
Learning media is one of the most important parts that affects the success of the student learning process. The selection and utilization of appropriate and interesting media will have a positive impact on the success of student learning. However, the utilization of learning media, especially those based on information and communication technology for learning Arabic, is still not widely found and is rarely done. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine the effect of using kahoot media at State Senior High School 4 Jakarta. The method used in this research is quantitative method with survey technique using questionnaire instrument, 10th grade students of State Senior High School 4 Jakarta totaling 50 people as subjects in this study. This research technique aims to determine whether kahoot media has an effect on Arabic language skills by using kahoot media through cellphones. This learning is done using a cellphone because material from printed books has been used as a source by educators. Teachers are expected to be able to utilizing learning media as a means of supporting teaching and learning activities to create interactive learning for students so as to improve students' ability to understand lessons delivered by an educator which will affect learning outcomes. Based on the results of this study, it can be seen that the use of learning media games for students can be applied in the learning process and for further researchers can use this learning media in Arabic subjects.  
学习媒体是影响学生学习过程成功与否的重要因素之一。选择和使用合适的、有趣的媒体对学生学习的成功会产生积极的影响。然而,利用学习媒介,特别是以信息和通信技术为基础的学习媒介来学习阿拉伯语的情况仍然不多,而且很少。本研究的目的是为了确定在雅加达国立高中4使用kahoot媒体的效果。本研究采用定量方法,采用问卷调查法,以雅加达国立高中4年级10年级学生为研究对象,共50人。这项研究技术旨在通过手机使用kahoot媒体来确定kahoot媒体是否对阿拉伯语技能有影响。这种学习是通过手机完成的,因为教育工作者使用了印刷书籍的材料作为来源。教师应该能够利用学习媒体作为支持教与学活动的手段,为学生创造互动式学习,从而提高学生对教育者所讲授的课程的理解能力,从而影响学习成果。从本研究的结果可以看出,学生可以在学习过程中使用学习媒体游戏,进一步的研究人员可以在阿拉伯语科目中使用这种学习媒体。
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引用次数: 0
Strategies for Learning Arabic from Home at Islamic Boarding Schools During the Covid-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎疫情期间伊斯兰寄宿学校在家学习阿拉伯语的策略
Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.55849/jiltech.v1i3.177
Luqman Hafis, Abraham Rix, Booysen Arkaan
The current pandemic situation, which requires the learning process to be carried out from home online, makes it a challenge to learn Arabic. Initially, this policy was very much accepted by learners and educators with excitement. However, the reality is that this policy makes the learning process difficult to implement optimally. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method by collecting all data sources. Data source collection is carried out by interviewing teachers and students and documentation. Qualitative studies are carried out to analyze the problems faced by students and offer several possible recommendations to improve the quality of teaching Arabic as a foreign language based on student perceptions, taking into account the social context experienced during the learning process of the 2020-2021 academic year. The purpose of this research is to find problems that are being faced by students and educators in Islamic boarding schools during the pandemic and find the right solution to solve the problem so that the right strategy can be found for learning Arabic during this pandemic for a number of Islamic boarding schools.  
目前的大流行病局势要求在家里通过网络进行学习,这使学习阿拉伯语成为一项挑战。最初,这一政策被学习者和教育者兴奋地接受了。然而,现实情况是,该策略使学习过程难以实现最优。本研究通过收集所有数据来源,采用定性描述方法。通过对教师和学生的访谈和文献资料进行数据源收集。定性研究是为了分析学生面临的问题,并根据学生的看法,考虑到2020-2021学年学习过程中经历的社会背景,提出一些可能的建议,以提高阿拉伯语作为外语的教学质量。本研究的目的是发现疫情期间伊斯兰寄宿学校的学生和教育工作者面临的问题,并找到解决问题的正确解决方案,以便为一些伊斯兰寄宿学校在疫情期间学习阿拉伯语找到正确的策略。
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引用次数: 0
GPT Chat: Opportunities and Challenges in the Learning Process of Arabic Language in Higher Education GPT聊天:高等教育中阿拉伯语学习过程中的机遇与挑战
Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.55849/jiltech.v2i1.439
Heppy Leunard, R. Rachmawati, Benny Novico Zani, Kailie Maharjan
Today there are no more people who do not know about technological developments. Everything is very sophisticated and modern. In fact, it is very easy for someone to know something through technology-based media and fast in disseminating various information. All of this is of course thanks to increasingly advanced technology. As recently appeared an application called Chat GPT. GPT Chat is an application that can respond to every question asked by respondents. Chat GPT stands for "Chat-based Generative Pre-trained Transformer". GPT chat is also a language model developed by Open AI that uses the powerful transformers architecture to generate responsive and context-appropriate text conversations. GPT Chat has been widely used by all groups, especially in the world of education. GPT Chat can be used by students in learning Arabic in tertiary institutions such as to improve their skills in kalam and qiraah. The purpose of this study is to find out that the use of gamification in learning Arabic has an influence on students' qiraah skills and also makes it easier to complete assignments. The data collection technique is through the distribution of a questionnaire. In the questionnaire there are statements that will be answered by students in tertiary institutions. The results of this study explain that the use of Char GPT in learning Arabic in tertiary institutions gets a positive response from students such as increasing students' reading skills, increasing motivation in learning, increasing enthusiasm for learning, and making it easier to complete assignments. The conclusion of this research explains that the existence of GPT Chat provides enormous opportunities, especially in the process of learning Arabic because there are many benefits obtained from using GPT Chat. The limitation of this research is that researchers only conduct this research at the tertiary level which incidentally has the ability to think critically. 
今天,没有更多的人不知道技术的发展。一切都非常精致和现代。事实上,通过以科技为基础的媒体,人们很容易了解一些事情,各种信息的传播速度也很快。当然,这一切都要归功于日益先进的技术。最近出现了一个名为Chat GPT的应用程序。GPT Chat是一个可以回答受访者提出的每个问题的应用程序。GPT代表“基于聊天的生成预训练变压器”。GPT聊天也是由Open AI开发的一种语言模型,它使用强大的transformer架构来生成响应性和上下文适当的文本对话。GPT Chat已被所有群体广泛使用,特别是在教育领域。GPT Chat可用于学生在高等教育机构学习阿拉伯语,如提高他们的卡拉姆语和基亚拉语技能。本研究的目的是发现在阿拉伯语学习中使用游戏化对学生的qiraah技能有影响,也使他们更容易完成作业。数据收集技术是通过分发调查问卷。在调查问卷中,有一些陈述将由大专院校的学生回答。本研究的结果说明,在大专院校的阿拉伯语学习中使用Char GPT得到了学生的积极反应,如提高了学生的阅读技能,增加了学习动机,提高了学习热情,并使其更容易完成作业。本研究的结论解释了GPT Chat的存在提供了巨大的机会,特别是在学习阿拉伯语的过程中,因为使用GPT Chat可以获得很多好处。本研究的局限性在于,研究人员只在高等教育阶段进行研究,而高等教育恰巧具有批判性思维的能力。
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引用次数: 2
The Role of Student Organizations in Improving Arabic Language Achievement and Skills 学生组织在提高阿拉伯语成绩和技能中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.55849/jiltech.v1i3.224
Amelia Amelia, Guijiao Zou, Lie Jie
The problem that researchers get in organizations to improve Arabic skills is the lack of students who speak Arabic actively in the Institut Agama Islam Negeri Batusangkar campus environment. Where students still do not understand the rules in Arabic, especially in terms of mufradat, therefore researchers deliberately raise this as a problem in the current Institut Agama Islam Negeri Batusangkar student organization to improve student achievement and skills in Arabic. In this organization, researchers made the environment on campus into an Arabic-language environment which the organization calls Khimah Araby. Then every week, precisely on Friday morning, the student organization carries out a work program called Ihya’ul Araby. This article aims to develop b?’ahlughawiyyah conducted by the student association of the Arab Education Department of the Batusankar Islamic Institute. This research focussed on the bi’ah lughawiyyah model in terms of the purpose of bi’ah lughawiyyah, the form of activity, and the learning model of bi’ah lughawiyyah. This survey’s method is qualitative and uses the Google Forms method (questionnaire). Data analysis is carried out by questionnaire analysis. The result of this study shows that the b?’ah lughawiyyah development model is based on language learning objectives and curriculum objectives. The forms of activity are making learning modules, Nahwu Sharaf learning, Bia’ah Lughawiyyah, Ilq?’Mufrad?t, Muhadatsah, Monthly Insha’, Language Learning, Rihlah Lughawiyyah, Arts and Competitions (PARBARA). There are three learning models, namely the student learning model by the teacher, the student learning model by the tutor, and the student learning model by the student
研究人员在提高阿拉伯语技能的组织中遇到的问题是,在Agama Islam Negeri Batusangkar学院的校园环境中,缺乏积极讲阿拉伯语的学生。学生仍然不理解阿拉伯语的规则,特别是在mufradat方面,因此研究人员故意在目前的Institut Agama Islam Negeri Batusangkar学生组织中提出这个问题,以提高学生在阿拉伯语方面的成绩和技能。在这个组织中,研究人员将校园环境变成了一个阿拉伯语环境,该组织称之为Khimah Araby。然后,每周的周五早上,学生组织都会开展一个名为Ihya 'ul Araby的工作项目。本文旨在发展b?' ahlughawiyyah是由巴图桑卡伊斯兰学院阿拉伯教育部门的学生协会发起的。本研究主要从教法目的、教法活动形式、教法学习模式三个方面对教法模式进行研究。本调查的方法是定性的,并使用谷歌表格法(问卷调查)。数据分析采用问卷调查法进行。本研究结果表明,b?lughawiyyah的发展模式是基于语言学习目标和课程目标。活动形式是制作学习模块,Nahwu Sharaf学习,Bia ' ah Lughawiyyah, Ilq ' Mufrad?t, Muhadatsah, Monthly Insha ', Language Learning, Rihlah Lughawiyyah, Arts and Competitions (PARBARA)。学习模式有三种,即教师的学生学习模式、导师的学生学习模式和学生的学生学习模式
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal International of Lingua and Technology
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