Christoforos Frantzis, R. Vlastou, M. Kokkoris, M. Diakaki, V. Michalopoulou, S. Chasapoglou, Sotirios Alexandros Kopanos, S. Stoulos, P. Koseoglou
The NEAR station, a new experimental area of the n_TOF facility, was established after the second long shut down of CERN in 2020. This new area was created in order to exploit in situ the high instantaneous neutron flux (originating from proton spallation into a lead target in bunches with momenta reaching up to 20 GeV/c). The reason for the creation of the NEAR station is to utilize the neutrons for experiments related to radiation damage on materials and nuclear astrophysics and the corresponding neutron flux was characterized via extensive neutron multiple foil activation measurements. The irradiated foils were subsequently measured using high purity germanium detectors (HPGe) to determine their induced activities. Finally, the widely used SAND II unfolding code was implemented for the characterization of the neutron flux, using the evaluated cross sections from the IRDFF library, along with the experimentally derived activities. The preliminary results concerning the neutron flux determined in the present work are compared with the corresponding FLUKA simulated ones.
{"title":"Neutron Flux Determination for the NEAR Station at the CERN n_TOF Facility Using the SAND II Unfolding Code","authors":"Christoforos Frantzis, R. Vlastou, M. Kokkoris, M. Diakaki, V. Michalopoulou, S. Chasapoglou, Sotirios Alexandros Kopanos, S. Stoulos, P. Koseoglou","doi":"10.12681/hnpsanp.5185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.5185","url":null,"abstract":"The NEAR station, a new experimental area of the n_TOF facility, was established after the second long shut down of CERN in 2020. This new area was created in order to exploit in situ the high instantaneous neutron flux (originating from proton spallation into a lead target in bunches with momenta reaching up to 20 GeV/c). The reason for the creation of the NEAR station is to utilize the neutrons for experiments related to radiation damage on materials and nuclear astrophysics and the corresponding neutron flux was characterized via extensive neutron multiple foil activation measurements. The irradiated foils were subsequently measured using high purity germanium detectors (HPGe) to determine their induced activities. Finally, the widely used SAND II unfolding code was implemented for the characterization of the neutron flux, using the evaluated cross sections from the IRDFF library, along with the experimentally derived activities. The preliminary results concerning the neutron flux determined in the present work are compared with the corresponding FLUKA simulated ones.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133300698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The nature of Dark Matter remains elusive despite all of our efforts. This missing matter of the universe cannot be directly observed, but we can see its gravitational effects. Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies are most likely to contain Dark Matter that is trapped to their Gravitational Field. This leads us to the natural conclusion that Compact Objects might contain Dark Matter too. Neutron Stars are the natural laboratories that we can test our theories and receive crucial observational data. Thus, many models of Dark Matter have been produced to check the existence of Dark Matter in those stars. Since we know for sure the varying parameters of Neutron Stars (Radii, Mass, Λ etc.), by inserting Dark Matter to our equations we can see the differences we obtain in the aforementioned parameters. In this study, we chose to work with the Dark Matter Halo model, where a Neutron Star’s gravitational field is able to trap Dark Matter, but the latter expands way beyond the star’s radius, creating a Dark Halo around the Neutron Star. By studying the various parameters of the Star, we can obtain crucial information about the whole structure and the nature of Dark Matter.
{"title":"The Effects of Dark Matter upon Neutron Stars’ Properties","authors":"Michael Vikiaris","doi":"10.12681/hnpsanp.5081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.5081","url":null,"abstract":"The nature of Dark Matter remains elusive despite all of our efforts. This missing matter of the universe cannot be directly observed, but we can see its gravitational effects. Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies are most likely to contain Dark Matter that is trapped to their Gravitational Field. This leads us to the natural conclusion that Compact Objects might contain Dark Matter too. Neutron Stars are the natural laboratories that we can test our theories and receive crucial observational data. Thus, many models of Dark Matter have been produced to check the existence of Dark Matter in those stars. Since we know for sure the varying parameters of Neutron Stars (Radii, Mass, Λ etc.), by inserting Dark Matter to our equations we can see the differences we obtain in the aforementioned parameters. In this study, we chose to work with the Dark Matter Halo model, where a Neutron Star’s gravitational field is able to trap Dark Matter, but the latter expands way beyond the star’s radius, creating a Dark Halo around the Neutron Star. By studying the various parameters of the Star, we can obtain crucial information about the whole structure and the nature of Dark Matter. ","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"296 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122213501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Anagnostopoulou, Marilia I. Savva, T. Vasilopoulou, K. Mergia, M. Kokkoris, I. Stamatelatos
The VERDI detector was developed for accurate neutron measurements in the plasma-facing modules of a tokamak. It comprises a low activation capsule, capable to withstand the harsh conditions of the fusion environment, containing a defined mass of metallic foils. The neutron fluence and energy spectrum are derived by analysis of the gamma lines produced by neutron activation of the metallic elements. In this work, the use of a Compton Suppression System (CSS) is investigated aiming to enhance the sensitivity of VERDI detector analysis. The CSS consists of a 40% HPGe primary detector coupled to a set of NaI secondary detectors. The apparatus was set to discard signals simultaneously recorded on both primary and secondary detectors, thus lowering the Compton continuum. The VERDI detectors were irradiated at the Joint European Torus (JET) during the 2019 Deuterium-Deuterium (DD) campaign. The CSS performance was studied by calculating peak and continuum suppression factors. The advantage introduced by Compton suppressed gamma spectrometry for each nuclide of interest is explored and the suitability of this system for VERDI detector measurements is discussed.
{"title":"Compton Suppression System performance evaluation for measurement of VERDI activation detectors","authors":"V. Anagnostopoulou, Marilia I. Savva, T. Vasilopoulou, K. Mergia, M. Kokkoris, I. Stamatelatos","doi":"10.12681/hnpsanp.5095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.5095","url":null,"abstract":"The VERDI detector was developed for accurate neutron measurements in the plasma-facing modules of a tokamak. It comprises a low activation capsule, capable to withstand the harsh conditions of the fusion environment, containing a defined mass of metallic foils. The neutron fluence and energy spectrum are derived by analysis of the gamma lines produced by neutron activation of the metallic elements. In this work, the use of a Compton Suppression System (CSS) is investigated aiming to enhance the sensitivity of VERDI detector analysis. The CSS consists of a 40% HPGe primary detector coupled to a set of NaI secondary detectors. The apparatus was set to discard signals simultaneously recorded on both primary and secondary detectors, thus lowering the Compton continuum. The VERDI detectors were irradiated at the Joint European Torus (JET) during the 2019 Deuterium-Deuterium (DD) campaign. The CSS performance was studied by calculating peak and continuum suppression factors. The advantage introduced by Compton suppressed gamma spectrometry for each nuclide of interest is explored and the suitability of this system for VERDI detector measurements is discussed.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123633105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Eleftheriou, C. Tsabaris, K. Tsiaras, G. Triantafyllou
The consequences after an hypothetical nuclear accident at the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant in the region of Eastern Mediterranean Sea are presented. The dispersion of the radioactive plume in the sea is simulated applying a regional hydrodynamic/Lagrangian drift model and the radioecological impact is estimated after the release of 137Cs, 238Pu and 131I. The doses to marine biota and the human habitants of the affected regions are presented, while the sensitivity analysis of the results revile the most vulnerable features of this marine environment.
{"title":"Assessment of marine radiological impact after an hypothetical nuclear accident in Eastern Mediterranean Sea","authors":"G. Eleftheriou, C. Tsabaris, K. Tsiaras, G. Triantafyllou","doi":"10.12681/hnpsanp.5097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.5097","url":null,"abstract":"The consequences after an hypothetical nuclear accident at the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant in the region of Eastern Mediterranean Sea are presented. The dispersion of the radioactive plume in the sea is simulated applying a regional hydrodynamic/Lagrangian drift model and the radioecological impact is estimated after the release of 137Cs, 238Pu and 131I. The doses to marine biota and the human habitants of the affected regions are presented, while the sensitivity analysis of the results revile the most vulnerable features of this marine environment.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127531725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of inelastic scattering reactions is important both in basic research as it can provide an insight on nuclear structure and aid in the validation of theoretical models, as well as in the field of applications. The most frequently used method to determine the neutron induced inelastic scattering cross section is by recording the emitted gamma rays from the de-excitation of the target nucleus. In this direction, the high energy resolution of the HPGe detectors is instrumental. The experimental setup can be further improved by shielding the HPGe against the scattered neutrons. The purpose of this work is to investigate the contribution of such shieldings used in inelastic neutron scattering experiments at the n_TOF facility at CERN and to optimise the experimental set-up. In this study, GEANT4, a package for simulating the transport of radiation through matter, was used to study the effect of the various shielding materials and geometries for CANBERRA’s EGPC 25S/N 540 p-type coaxial prototype HPGe.
{"title":"Study of HPGe detector shielding for use in inelastic neutron scattering experiments at the n_TOF/CERN facility","authors":"D. Papanikolaou","doi":"10.12681/hnpsanp.5153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.5153","url":null,"abstract":"The study of inelastic scattering reactions is important both in basic research as it can provide an insight on nuclear structure and aid in the validation of theoretical models, as well as in the field of applications. The most frequently used method to determine the neutron induced inelastic scattering cross section is by recording the emitted gamma rays from the de-excitation of the target nucleus. In this direction, the high energy resolution of the HPGe detectors is instrumental. The experimental setup can be further improved by shielding the HPGe against the scattered neutrons. The purpose of this work is to investigate the contribution of such shieldings used in inelastic neutron scattering experiments at the n_TOF facility at CERN and to optimise the experimental set-up. In this study, GEANT4, a package for simulating the transport of radiation through matter, was used to study the effect of the various shielding materials and geometries for CANBERRA’s EGPC 25S/N 540 p-type coaxial prototype HPGe.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123965251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Efstathiou, Angelos Karadimas, A. Zyriliou, P. Vasileiou, T. Mertzimekis, A. Chalil, S. Pelonis
The even-even Ytterbium isotopes lack spectroscopic information with the increase of the neutron number and they are well deformed nuclei, presenting rotational properties. In this mass region of the nuclear chart predictions have shown rare phenomena related to nuclear structure, such as shape coexistence. In this work the population of excited states were investigated in the even-even Yb isotopes via the 2n-transfer reaction 168-174Yb (18O, 16O) 170-176Yb. The measurements were carried out at the 9 MV Tandem accelerator at the Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH) in Romania. The deduced gamma-ray angular distributions in the ground state bands are found to correspond with transitions, as expected
{"title":"Gamma spectroscopy of even-even Ytterbium isotopes","authors":"M. Efstathiou, Angelos Karadimas, A. Zyriliou, P. Vasileiou, T. Mertzimekis, A. Chalil, S. Pelonis","doi":"10.12681/hnpsanp.5082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.5082","url":null,"abstract":"The even-even Ytterbium isotopes lack spectroscopic information with the increase of the neutron number and they are well deformed nuclei, presenting rotational properties. In this mass region of the nuclear chart predictions have shown rare phenomena related to nuclear structure, such as shape coexistence. In this work the population of excited states were investigated in the even-even Yb isotopes via the 2n-transfer reaction 168-174Yb (18O, 16O) 170-176Yb. The measurements were carried out at the 9 MV Tandem accelerator at the Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH) in Romania. The deduced gamma-ray angular distributions in the ground state bands are found to correspond with transitions, as expected","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123676783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Tsabaris, D. Patiris, Christos Maramathas, Efrosyni Androulakaki, G. Eleftheriou, F. Pappa, S. Alexakis
In this work, the design and initial demonstration of the KATERINA II detection system for rapid mapping of radionuclides in areas near to seashore is presented. A new development has been realized by integrating a GPS module in KATERINA II detection system and synchronizing its data with the acquired spectra in real-time. The new system may be used in a backpack, for areas with low activity concentration, or can be installed in an unmanned vehicle, for observing and mapping the source(s) of radioactivity, e.g. at the seashore, in areas with high contamination. A quantitative solution is provided for natural and artificial radionuclides, taking into account the characteristics of the detector, the parameters of measurement geometry and a mean beach sand/sediment composition. This paper reports field results for site characterization issues through automated analysis of gamma-ray spectra including low-level and low-energy γ-emitters. Perspectives of the future application of the system in a worldwide basis are related to radionuclides mapping and the assessment of dose rates in seashore areas that may be contaminated due to the operation of nuclear power plants, desalination plants and NORM industries, and/or due to the decommissioning of nuclear installations.
{"title":"Surveillance of the seashore using the KATERINA II geo-referenced detection system","authors":"C. Tsabaris, D. Patiris, Christos Maramathas, Efrosyni Androulakaki, G. Eleftheriou, F. Pappa, S. Alexakis","doi":"10.12681/hnpsanp.2473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.2473","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the design and initial demonstration of the KATERINA II detection system for rapid mapping of radionuclides in areas near to seashore is presented. A new development has been realized by integrating a GPS module in KATERINA II detection system and synchronizing its data with the acquired spectra in real-time. The new system may be used in a backpack, for areas with low activity concentration, or can be installed in an unmanned vehicle, for observing and mapping the source(s) of radioactivity, e.g. at the seashore, in areas with high contamination. A quantitative solution is provided for natural and artificial radionuclides, taking into account the characteristics of the detector, the parameters of measurement geometry and a mean beach sand/sediment composition. This paper reports field results for site characterization issues through automated analysis of gamma-ray spectra including low-level and low-energy γ-emitters. Perspectives of the future application of the system in a worldwide basis are related to radionuclides mapping and the assessment of dose rates in seashore areas that may be contaminated due to the operation of nuclear power plants, desalination plants and NORM industries, and/or due to the decommissioning of nuclear installations.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121244065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We reconsider the discovery limit of multi-ton direct detection dark matter experiments in the light of recent measurements of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering process. Assuming the cross section to be a parameter entirely determined by data, rather than using its Standard Model prediction, we use the COHERENT CsI and LAr data sets to determine WIMP discovery limits. Being based on a data-driven approach, the results are thus free from theoretical assumptions and fall within the WIMP mass regions where XENONnT and DARWIN have best expected sensitivities. We further determine the impact of subleading nuclear form factor and weak mixing angle uncertainties effects on WIMP discovery limits. We point out that these effects, albeit small, should be taken into account. Moreover, to quantify the impact of new physics effects in the neutrino background, we revisit WIMP discovery limits assuming light vector and scalar mediators as well as neutrino magnetic moments/transitions. We stress that the presence of new interactions in the neutrino sector, in general, tend to worsen the WIMP discovery limit.
{"title":"The neutrino floor: a data-driven analysis","authors":"D. Papoulias","doi":"10.12681/hnpsanp.5093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.5093","url":null,"abstract":"We reconsider the discovery limit of multi-ton direct detection dark matter experiments in the light of recent measurements of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering process. Assuming the cross section to be a parameter entirely determined by data, rather than using its Standard Model prediction, we use the COHERENT CsI and LAr data sets to determine WIMP discovery limits. Being based on a data-driven approach, the results are thus free from theoretical assumptions and fall within the WIMP mass regions where XENONnT and DARWIN have best expected sensitivities. We further determine the impact of subleading nuclear form factor and weak mixing angle uncertainties effects on WIMP discovery limits. We point out that these effects, albeit small, should be taken into account. Moreover, to quantify the impact of new physics effects in the neutrino background, we revisit WIMP discovery limits assuming light vector and scalar mediators as well as neutrino magnetic moments/transitions. We stress that the presence of new interactions in the neutrino sector, in general, tend to worsen the WIMP discovery limit.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128152069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The NEAR station is the newest experimental area of the n_TOF facility at CERN, utilizing the spallation process to generate extremely high neutron flux within a broad energy spectrum. As part of the campaign for the determination of the neutron beam spectral features, numerous foils have been irradiated last year and the induced activities were measured implementing a HPGe detector. Experimental data analysis of the irradiated foil’s gamma-ray spectra, yielded the saturated activities for each material that can be used to unfold the characteristics of the neutron flux through data deconvolution using the SAND-II code. Since this process is mostly mathematical and does not account for geometry, shielding and scattering effects, correction factors need to be defined and applied to the measured activities in order to produce a more robust and accurate result. For this purpose Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNP code were performed to investigate the self-shielding of the foils and its effect on both the neutron flux and the gamma rays emitted. Also, a detailed simulation including the full geometry of the experimental setup was developed and used in order to investigate possible influence of the peripheral materials (cement, other foils, mylar as well as the aluminum sample holder and rails) to the total flux that reaches each individual foil through scattering of neutrons.
{"title":"MCNP simulations for the n_TOF NEAR station","authors":"Sotiris Alexandros Kopanos","doi":"10.12681/hnpsanp.5155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.5155","url":null,"abstract":"The NEAR station is the newest experimental area of the n_TOF facility at CERN, utilizing the spallation process to generate extremely high neutron flux within a broad energy spectrum. As part of the campaign for the determination of the neutron beam spectral features, numerous foils have been irradiated last year and the induced activities were measured implementing a HPGe detector. \u0000Experimental data analysis of the irradiated foil’s gamma-ray spectra, yielded the saturated activities for each material that can be used to unfold the characteristics of the neutron flux through data deconvolution using the SAND-II code. Since this process is mostly mathematical and does not account for geometry, shielding and scattering effects, correction factors need to be defined and applied to the measured activities in order to produce a more robust and accurate result. \u0000For this purpose Monte Carlo simulations using the MCNP code were performed to investigate the self-shielding of the foils and its effect on both the neutron flux and the gamma rays emitted. Also, a detailed simulation including the full geometry of the experimental setup was developed and used in order to investigate possible influence of the peripheral materials (cement, other foils, mylar as well as the aluminum sample holder and rails) to the total flux that reaches each individual foil through scattering of neutrons.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132901742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Monte-Carlo algorithm is developed and coded in FORTRAN to calculate the energy, mass and charge distribution of the pre-fragments produced in proton induced spallation. The algorithm is based on Glauber’s theory together with a reasonable assumption on the type of the promptly emitted nucleons. For the evaporation stage, correlated values of pre-fragment mass, charge and excitation energy were fed into a properly modified version of the code MCEF (Monte-Carlo Evaporation-Fission) written in Java. A good agreement is obtained with the experimental mass and charge distributions of residues observed in 56Fe+p spallation reactions at 300, 500 and 750 MeV/A
{"title":"Development of a simple algorithm for pre-fragment formation in proton-nucleus spallation reactions","authors":"N. Nicolis, Athanasios Chatzikotelis","doi":"10.12681/hnpsanp.5084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.5084","url":null,"abstract":"A Monte-Carlo algorithm is developed and coded in FORTRAN to calculate the energy, mass and charge distribution of the pre-fragments produced in proton induced spallation. The algorithm is based on Glauber’s theory together with a reasonable assumption on the type of the promptly emitted nucleons. For the evaporation stage, correlated values of pre-fragment mass, charge and excitation energy were fed into a properly modified version of the code MCEF (Monte-Carlo Evaporation-Fission) written in Java. A good agreement is obtained with the experimental mass and charge distributions of residues observed in 56Fe+p spallation reactions at 300, 500 and 750 MeV/A","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133060393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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