The phenomena of shape-phase transitions and shape coexistence in neutron deficient even-even Pt and Hg isotopes are investigated, using a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian (5DCH) based on covariant density-functional theory. The triaxial deformation energy surfaces in Pt isotopes display a transition from prolate (188Pt) to triaxial or oblate (190-198Pt), and to near spherical (198Pt) shapes. The calculations suggest coexisting configurations in 190Hg, γ-soft potential energy surfaces in 192-198Hg and a more spherical structure in 200Hg. The corresponding 5DCH model calculations confirm the structural evolution in this region and suggest more increased collectivity than what can be deduced from the data.
{"title":"Microscopic analysis of structural evolution in the Pt-Hg region","authors":"V. Prassa, K. Karakatsanis","doi":"10.12681/hnps.3601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3601","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomena of shape-phase transitions and shape coexistence in neutron deficient even-even Pt and Hg isotopes are investigated, using a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian (5DCH) based on covariant density-functional theory. The triaxial deformation energy surfaces in Pt isotopes display a transition from prolate (188Pt) to triaxial or oblate (190-198Pt), and to near spherical (198Pt) shapes. The calculations suggest coexisting configurations in 190Hg, γ-soft potential energy surfaces in 192-198Hg and a more spherical structure in 200Hg. The corresponding 5DCH model calculations confirm the structural evolution in this region and suggest more increased collectivity than what can be deduced from the data.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131046569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Bonatsos, A. Martinou, I. E. Assimakis, Spyridon K. Peroulis, S. Sarantopoulou, N. Minkov
Abstract Proxy-SU(3) symmetry is an approximation scheme extending the Elliott SU(3) algebra of the sd shell to heavier shells, in order to make possible the application of the symmetry properties in cutting down the size of the required calculations. When introduced in 2017, the approximation had been justified by calculations carried out within the Nilsson model, an elementary shell model based on a 3-dimensional harmonic oscillator with cylindrical symmetry, applicable to deformed nuclei. Recently our group managed to map the cartesian basis of the Elliott SU(3) model onto the spherical shell model basis, fully clarifying the approximations used within the proxy-SU(3) scheme and paving the way for using the proxy-SU(3) approximation in shell model calculations for heavy nuclei. As a by-product, the relation of the 0[110] Nilsson pairs used in proxy-SU(3) to the earlier used de Shalit-Goldhaber pairs and Federman-Pittel pairs has been clarified. The connection between the proxy-SU(3) scheme and the spherical shell model has also been worked out in the original framework of the Nilsson model, with identical results.
{"title":"Shell model foundations of the proxy-SU(3) symmetry: Nucleon pairs creating nuclear deformation","authors":"D. Bonatsos, A. Martinou, I. E. Assimakis, Spyridon K. Peroulis, S. Sarantopoulou, N. Minkov","doi":"10.12681/hnps.3538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3538","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Proxy-SU(3) symmetry is an approximation scheme extending the Elliott SU(3) algebra of the sd shell to heavier shells, in order to make possible the application of the symmetry properties in cutting down the size of the required calculations. When introduced in 2017, the approximation had been justified by calculations carried out within the Nilsson model, an elementary shell model based on a 3-dimensional harmonic oscillator with cylindrical symmetry, applicable to deformed nuclei. Recently our group managed to map the cartesian basis of the Elliott SU(3) model onto the spherical shell model basis, fully clarifying the approximations used within the proxy-SU(3) scheme and paving the way for using the proxy-SU(3) approximation in shell model calculations for heavy nuclei. As a by-product, the relation of the 0[110] Nilsson pairs used in proxy-SU(3) to the earlier used de Shalit-Goldhaber pairs and Federman-Pittel pairs has been clarified. The connection between the proxy-SU(3) scheme and the spherical shell model has also been worked out in the original framework of the Nilsson model, with identical results. ","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123306605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Koseoglou, M. L. Cortés, J. Isaak, V. Werner, O. Papst, J. Kleemann, M. Beuschlein, N. Pietralla, U. Ahmed, K. Ide, I. Jurosevic, C. Nickel, M. Spall, T. Stetz, R. Zidarova
Nuclear resonance fluorescence measurements provide direct sensitivity to ground-state transition widths by probing the photoexcitation process of nuclear resonances. A technique in Relative Self-Absorption (RSA) measurements, in which measurements are done at multiple absorber temperatures, was developed and tested with 27Al at the Darmstadt High Intensity Photon Setup of the Superconducting Darmstadt Linear Accelerator. The advantage of this technique, over the regular RSA, is the possibility to overcome the need for theory input on the effective temperatures and the uncertainties that they introduce in the measured level widths. The technique and the preliminary results of the first test-measurements are presented in this proceedings.
{"title":"Temperature-dependent relative self-absorption measurements in 27Al","authors":"P. Koseoglou, M. L. Cortés, J. Isaak, V. Werner, O. Papst, J. Kleemann, M. Beuschlein, N. Pietralla, U. Ahmed, K. Ide, I. Jurosevic, C. Nickel, M. Spall, T. Stetz, R. Zidarova","doi":"10.12681/hnps.3717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3717","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear resonance fluorescence measurements provide direct sensitivity to ground-state transition widths by probing the photoexcitation process of nuclear resonances. A technique in Relative Self-Absorption (RSA) measurements, in which measurements are done at multiple absorber temperatures, was developed and tested with 27Al at the Darmstadt High Intensity Photon Setup of the Superconducting Darmstadt Linear Accelerator. The advantage of this technique, over the regular RSA, is the possibility to overcome the need for theory input on the effective temperatures and the uncertainties that they introduce in the measured level widths. The technique and the preliminary results of the first test-measurements are presented in this proceedings.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"365 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126703971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgios Gkatis, V. Michalopoulou, S. Chasapoglou, R. Vlastou, M. Kokkoris, M. Axiotis, A. Lagoyannis
In the present work, the neutron beams produced via the 3H(p,n)3He reaction, were studied at N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”. For detecting and monitoring the neutrons, the following reference reactions 238U(n,f), 235U(n,f) and 237Np(n,f) were used. Furthermore, a systematic study of the parasitic neutrons, produced via reactions on the target constituents, was performed. At the same time, the cross sections of the 232Th(n,f) reaction were deduced, in the energy range from 2 to 5.5 MeV. Seven actinide targets were used, coupled with seven Micromegas detectors, one for each target, for the detection of the fission fragments. The target-detector assembly was placed in an aluminum chamber filled with Ar:CO2 (90:10) in atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Monte Carlo simulations with the MCNP6 code, coupled with the NeuSDesc and SRIM-2013 codes, were used for the estimation of the neutron beam incident at each target. Additional Monte Carlo simulations were carried out using the codes FLUKA and GEF, in order to determine the exact masses of the 232Th targets and the energy deposition of the fission fragments in the detector gas.
{"title":"Study of the 3H(p,n)3He neutron producing reaction at N.C.S.R. “Demokritos” – Application on the 232Th(n,f) reaction","authors":"Georgios Gkatis, V. Michalopoulou, S. Chasapoglou, R. Vlastou, M. Kokkoris, M. Axiotis, A. Lagoyannis","doi":"10.12681/hnps.3708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3708","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the neutron beams produced via the 3H(p,n)3He reaction, were studied at N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”. For detecting and monitoring the neutrons, the following reference reactions 238U(n,f), 235U(n,f) and 237Np(n,f) were used. Furthermore, a systematic study of the parasitic neutrons, produced via reactions on the target constituents, was performed. At the same time, the cross sections of the 232Th(n,f) reaction were deduced, in the energy range from 2 to 5.5 MeV. Seven actinide targets were used, coupled with seven Micromegas detectors, one for each target, for the detection of the fission fragments. The target-detector assembly was placed in an aluminum chamber filled with Ar:CO2 (90:10) in atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Monte Carlo simulations with the MCNP6 code, coupled with the NeuSDesc and SRIM-2013 codes, were used for the estimation of the neutron beam incident at each target. Additional Monte Carlo simulations were carried out using the codes FLUKA and GEF, in order to determine the exact masses of the 232Th targets and the energy deposition of the fission fragments in the detector gas.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132105164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The in-medium properties of hyperons and antihyperons are studied with the Non-Linear Derivative (NLD) model and focus is made on the momentum dependence of strangeness optical potentials[1]. The NLD model is based on the Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) approximation to Relativistic Hadrodynamics (RHD) approach of nuclear systems, but it incorporates an explicit momentum dependence of mean-fields. The extension of the NLD model to the baryon and antibaryon octet is based on SU(6) and G-parity arguments. It is demonstrated that with a proper choice of momentum cut-offs, the Λ and Σ optical potentials are consistent with recent studies of the chiral effective field theory and Ξ optical potentials are consistent with Lattice-QCD calculations, over a wide momentum region. We also present NLD predictions for the in-medium momentum dependence of antiΛ, antiΣ and antiΞ hyperons. This work is important for future experimental studies, like CBM, PANDA at FAIR and is relevant to nuclear astrophysics as well.
{"title":"The Non-Linear Derivative (NLD) model for the in-medium hyperons & antihyperons dynamics","authors":"Arsenia Chorozidou, T. Gaitanos","doi":"10.12681/hnps.3574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3574","url":null,"abstract":"The in-medium properties of hyperons and antihyperons are studied with the Non-Linear Derivative (NLD) model and focus is made on the momentum dependence of strangeness optical potentials[1]. The NLD model is based on the Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) approximation to Relativistic Hadrodynamics (RHD) approach of nuclear systems, but it incorporates an explicit momentum dependence of mean-fields. The extension of the NLD model to the baryon and antibaryon octet is based on SU(6) and G-parity arguments. It is demonstrated that with a proper choice of momentum cut-offs, the Λ and Σ optical potentials are consistent with recent studies of the chiral effective field theory and Ξ optical potentials are consistent with Lattice-QCD calculations, over a wide momentum region. We also present NLD predictions for the in-medium momentum dependence of antiΛ, antiΣ and antiΞ hyperons. This work is important for future experimental studies, like CBM, PANDA at FAIR and is relevant to nuclear astrophysics as well.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133750504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear level densities (NLDs) are key ingredients in calculations of neutron capture rates for neutron rich isotopes in nuclear astrophysics applications. Available experimental NLDs are limited mainly to nuclei near stability. Therefore, theoretical models are employed to predict the NLDs of neutron rich nuclei. Here we present a methodology for calculating spin- and parity- dependent NLDs using methods of statistical spectroscopy, based on the Shell Model. The spin distribution of the NLDs is predicted for nuclei in the sd and pf shells.
{"title":"Spin distribution of the nuclear level density in a shell model approach","authors":"Luke Newman, S. Karampagia","doi":"10.12681/hnps.3614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3614","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear level densities (NLDs) are key ingredients in calculations of neutron capture rates for neutron rich isotopes in nuclear astrophysics applications. Available experimental NLDs are limited mainly to nuclei near stability. Therefore, theoretical models are employed to predict the NLDs of neutron rich nuclei. Here we present a methodology for calculating spin- and parity- dependent NLDs using methods of statistical spectroscopy, based on the Shell Model. The spin distribution of the NLDs is predicted for nuclei in the sd and pf shells.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125600303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kalamara, I. Stamatelatos, K. Stefanopoulos, M. Grigalavicious, T. Theodossiou, A. Lagoyannis
The absorbed dose in vials containing photo-sensitizer solutions irradiated under neutron beams produced by the p-Li, D-D and D-T reactions was calculated. Monte Carlo simulations were performed by coupling the NeuSDesc and MCNP codes in order to derive the neutron energy spectrum, fluence and absorbed dose with depth in the samples. The absorbed dose was estimated taking into account the contributions of all particles (photons, electrons, protons and alpha particles). This study provides important information for the interpretation of in vitro irradiation experiments to be performed under the research program FRINGE aiming to investigate neutron generated electronic excitation as a foundation for a radically new cancer therapy.
{"title":"Neutron Dosimetry for In Vitro Biomedical Sample Irradiations","authors":"A. Kalamara, I. Stamatelatos, K. Stefanopoulos, M. Grigalavicious, T. Theodossiou, A. Lagoyannis","doi":"10.12681/hnps.4801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnps.4801","url":null,"abstract":"The absorbed dose in vials containing photo-sensitizer solutions irradiated under neutron beams produced by the p-Li, D-D and D-T reactions was calculated. Monte Carlo simulations were performed by coupling the NeuSDesc and MCNP codes in order to derive the neutron energy spectrum, fluence and absorbed dose with depth in the samples. The absorbed dose was estimated taking into account the contributions of all particles (photons, electrons, protons and alpha particles). This study provides important information for the interpretation of in vitro irradiation experiments to be performed under the research program FRINGE aiming to investigate neutron generated electronic excitation as a foundation for a radically new cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132284401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Maragkos, E. Alvanou, M. Axiotis, N. Bligoura, S. Harissopulos, M. Kokkoris, A. Lagoyannis, E. Ntemou, Konstantinos Preketes - Sigalas
In the present work R-Matrix calculations regarding the differential cross sections of the natMg(p,p0)natMg elastic scattering for Ep,lab = 0.70 – 4.25 MeV were implemented using the Azure2 code [1]. A coherent set of differential cross sections, the first to cover the Ep,lab = 2.45 – 4.25 MeV energy range [2], measured at the Tandem Accelerator laboratory of NCSR “Demokritos” was used as a basis for the calculations. These results were able to accurately reproduce both the experimental dataset as well as the current evaluation [3] which covers the Ep,lab = 0.7 to 2.7 MeV energy range.
{"title":"R-matrix Calculations for Proton Elastic Scattering on natMg in the Energy Range E = 2.45 - 4.25 MeV, Suitable for EBS","authors":"F. Maragkos, E. Alvanou, M. Axiotis, N. Bligoura, S. Harissopulos, M. Kokkoris, A. Lagoyannis, E. Ntemou, Konstantinos Preketes - Sigalas","doi":"10.12681/hnps.3622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3622","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work R-Matrix calculations regarding the differential cross sections of the natMg(p,p0)natMg elastic scattering for Ep,lab = 0.70 – 4.25 MeV were implemented using the Azure2 code [1]. A coherent set of differential cross sections, the first to cover the Ep,lab = 2.45 – 4.25 MeV energy range [2], measured at the Tandem Accelerator laboratory of NCSR “Demokritos” was used as a basis for the calculations. These results were able to accurately reproduce both the experimental dataset as well as the current evaluation [3] which covers the Ep,lab = 0.7 to 2.7 MeV energy range.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115288151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present work a new CAEN 725S digitizer was implemented and compared to standard analog electronics in simple detector circuits, widely used in experimental nuclear physics. The first obtained results demonstrated that low-cost digital signal processing can offer a faster, improved performance regarding dead time corrections, without any significant effect in the obtained detector resolution values.
{"title":"Study of digitizer properties in nuclear spectroscopy experiments","authors":"A. Liapatis, M. Axiotis","doi":"10.12681/hnps.4800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnps.4800","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work a new CAEN 725S digitizer was implemented and compared to standard analog electronics in simple detector circuits, widely used in experimental nuclear physics. The first obtained results demonstrated that low-cost digital signal processing can offer a faster, improved performance regarding dead time corrections, without any significant effect in the obtained detector resolution values.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123279299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using ionizing radiation, even in educational and research laboratories, is based on the triplet of principles of: justification, optimization and dose limits. These principles are applicable to the risk assessment that follows the identification of hazards in specific applications of ionizing radiation. In this work, a practical procedure for the development of risk assessments is provided for the majority of research and educational practices, which include the use of unsealed and sealed radioactive sources and apparatus with tubes producing ionizing radiation. In addition, an example of radiological hazard of fire is analyzed, in order to classify the severity of such risk on radioactive materials and sources. The severity of the hazard and consequently of the risk, the probability of the hazard to occur and the detectability of the occurrence are analyzed and combined to yield a risk classification, which induces the management of the measures taken for the emergency preparedness and response. The proposed methodology considers worst case scenarios of external exposure, inhalation and ingestion [1] and compares the doses with criteria like the annual dose limits or the reference band of 20 – 100 mSv [2], in order to initially classify the hazards and therefore the severity on the risk assessment procedure. The results indicate low or medium severity of the risks for most of the educational and research applications. Moreover, specifically the radiological hazard of fire for the public and the first responders is not high due to the relative low or moderate activities in use. Nevertheless application of the principle of optimization reduces even more the risks with the appropriate measures, like: controlled access, fire detectors and extinguishers, secure storage and keeping of records.
{"title":"Practical Guidance for Radiological Risk Assessment in Educational and Research Laboratories","authors":"I. Kaissas, D. Mitrakos, C. Hourdakis","doi":"10.12681/hnps.3534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/hnps.3534","url":null,"abstract":"Using ionizing radiation, even in educational and research laboratories, is based on the triplet of principles of: justification, optimization and dose limits. These principles are applicable to the risk assessment that follows the identification of hazards in specific applications of ionizing radiation. In this work, a practical procedure for the development of risk assessments is provided for the majority of research and educational practices, which include the use of unsealed and sealed radioactive sources and apparatus with tubes producing ionizing radiation. In addition, an example of radiological hazard of fire is analyzed, in order to classify the severity of such risk on radioactive materials and sources. The severity of the hazard and consequently of the risk, the probability of the hazard to occur and the detectability of the occurrence are analyzed and combined to yield a risk classification, which induces the management of the measures taken for the emergency preparedness and response. The proposed methodology considers worst case scenarios of external exposure, inhalation and ingestion [1] and compares the doses with criteria like the annual dose limits or the reference band of 20 – 100 mSv [2], in order to initially classify the hazards and therefore the severity on the risk assessment procedure. The results indicate low or medium severity of the risks for most of the educational and research applications. Moreover, specifically the radiological hazard of fire for the public and the first responders is not high due to the relative low or moderate activities in use. Nevertheless application of the principle of optimization reduces even more the risks with the appropriate measures, like: controlled access, fire detectors and extinguishers, secure storage and keeping of records.","PeriodicalId":262803,"journal":{"name":"HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics","volume":"2018 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114462449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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