Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296264
C. Pinart, E. Le Rouzic, I. Martínez
Nowadays, impairment-aware connection provisioning is a hot topic due to the evolution of optical networks to all-optical infrastructures and to the need to maintain or enhance Quality of Service (QoS). Most of the research efforts in this field use complex, analytical models of impairments as the basis for the connection provisioning decision. However, these models are not fully feasible in practice due to cost, monitoring limitations and the architectures of impairment-aware Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA). This paper discusses key physical-layer considerations for the realistic deployment of impairment-aware connection provisioning, and provides an example of cost-effective, distributed Impairment-aware RWA (IRWA) in the context of the all- optical ADRENALINE testbed.
{"title":"Physical-Layer Considerations for The Realistic Deployment of Impairment-Aware Connection Provisioning","authors":"C. Pinart, E. Le Rouzic, I. Martínez","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296264","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, impairment-aware connection provisioning is a hot topic due to the evolution of optical networks to all-optical infrastructures and to the need to maintain or enhance Quality of Service (QoS). Most of the research efforts in this field use complex, analytical models of impairments as the basis for the connection provisioning decision. However, these models are not fully feasible in practice due to cost, monitoring limitations and the architectures of impairment-aware Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA). This paper discusses key physical-layer considerations for the realistic deployment of impairment-aware connection provisioning, and provides an example of cost-effective, distributed Impairment-aware RWA (IRWA) in the context of the all- optical ADRENALINE testbed.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126155171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296262
C. Mas Machuca, O. Moe
Network operators are continuously evaluating the Capital Expenditures (CapEx) and the Operational Expenditures (OpEx) to take important decisions such as the technologies that will be used, services that will be offered, prices of the services to be offered, etc. Our study focuses on the evaluation of the impact that protection has on the cost of a service during all its lifecycle. One could think that protected services may cost twice than the unprotected services but in this study we present some results on the cost comparison of different protection schemes on different optical platforms.
{"title":"Impact of Protection on the Cost of Ethernet Services on Different Optical Network Platforms","authors":"C. Mas Machuca, O. Moe","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296262","url":null,"abstract":"Network operators are continuously evaluating the Capital Expenditures (CapEx) and the Operational Expenditures (OpEx) to take important decisions such as the technologies that will be used, services that will be offered, prices of the services to be offered, etc. Our study focuses on the evaluation of the impact that protection has on the cost of a service during all its lifecycle. One could think that protected services may cost twice than the unprotected services but in this study we present some results on the cost comparison of different protection schemes on different optical platforms.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129934035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296042
J. Pina, H.J.A. da Silva, P. Monteiro, J. Wang, W. Freude, J. Leuthold
This paper presents simulation results of the performance of a 160 Gbit/s 2R regenerator based on Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (QD-SOA). The ultra-fast speed of this device is due to the large Cross-Gain Modulation (XGM) bandwidth of QD-SOAs. A Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) configuration is used to obtain a non-inverted output signal. Wavelength conversion and 2R (Re-amplifying, Re-shaping) regeneration is demonstrated and several performance issues are discussed.
{"title":"Cross-Gain Modulation-based 2R Regenerator Using Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers at 160 Gbit/s","authors":"J. Pina, H.J.A. da Silva, P. Monteiro, J. Wang, W. Freude, J. Leuthold","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296042","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents simulation results of the performance of a 160 Gbit/s 2R regenerator based on Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (QD-SOA). The ultra-fast speed of this device is due to the large Cross-Gain Modulation (XGM) bandwidth of QD-SOAs. A Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) configuration is used to obtain a non-inverted output signal. Wavelength conversion and 2R (Re-amplifying, Re-shaping) regeneration is demonstrated and several performance issues are discussed.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129976306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296133
K. Asakawa
Recent development of a symmetric Mach-Zehnder type, ultra-small and ultra-fast all-optical switch (PC-SMZ) composed of GaAs-based two-dimensional photonic crystal (2DPC) waveguides and InAs-quantum dots (QDs) has resulted in a new proposal of a PC-based optical flip-flop switch (PC-FF). Nano-photonic technologies involving state-of-the-art PC-SMZ and new problems for the PC-FF are reviewed.
{"title":"PC-SMZ-Based All-Optical Flip-Flop Switch : PC-FF","authors":"K. Asakawa","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296133","url":null,"abstract":"Recent development of a symmetric Mach-Zehnder type, ultra-small and ultra-fast all-optical switch (PC-SMZ) composed of GaAs-based two-dimensional photonic crystal (2DPC) waveguides and InAs-quantum dots (QDs) has resulted in a new proposal of a PC-based optical flip-flop switch (PC-FF). Nano-photonic technologies involving state-of-the-art PC-SMZ and new problems for the PC-FF are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129726971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296136
T. Czyszanowski, R. Sarzała, M. Dems, H. Thienpont, K. Panajotov
Photonic-crystal (PhC) structures can provide efficient confinement for Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). PhC is especially appropriate for VCSELs based on phosphide or nitride materials, which suffer from the lack of efficient optical confinement by oxide apertures. We present an overview of our optimization work on telecommunication-oriented PhC - VCSELs, which has been carried out on the base of three- dimensional, full vectorial Plane Wave Admittance Method combined with thermal, electrical and gain solver. We perform an exhaustive analysis of a broad range of the photonic-crystal parameters such as hole etching depth, distance between the holes and their diameters looking for the largest modal gain as well as the most efficient mode discrimination. As a result we determine the optimal VCSEL structure assuring high beam quality. Furthermore, the optimization of current injection is performed assuring reduction of threshold current and/or single mode operation.
{"title":"Optimal Designs of Telecommunications Oriented Photonic-Crystal VCSELs","authors":"T. Czyszanowski, R. Sarzała, M. Dems, H. Thienpont, K. Panajotov","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296136","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic-crystal (PhC) structures can provide efficient confinement for Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). PhC is especially appropriate for VCSELs based on phosphide or nitride materials, which suffer from the lack of efficient optical confinement by oxide apertures. We present an overview of our optimization work on telecommunication-oriented PhC - VCSELs, which has been carried out on the base of three- dimensional, full vectorial Plane Wave Admittance Method combined with thermal, electrical and gain solver. We perform an exhaustive analysis of a broad range of the photonic-crystal parameters such as hole etching depth, distance between the holes and their diameters looking for the largest modal gain as well as the most efficient mode discrimination. As a result we determine the optimal VCSEL structure assuring high beam quality. Furthermore, the optimization of current injection is performed assuring reduction of threshold current and/or single mode operation.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124570575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296041
M. Spyropoulou, S. Sygletos, Ioannis Tomkos
In this paper, we examine for the first time to our knowledge, the potential of all optical regeneration for multiple input wavelengths at bit-rates beyond 40 Gb/s. The system parameters have been investigated assuming two and four channel operation. Successful regeneration has been achieved for two input channels at 40 Gb/s and 160 Gb/s. Four channel operation at 40 Gb/s has been investigated as well, illustrating Q-factor improvement and amplitude fluctuation suppression at the marks.
{"title":"Investigation of Multi-Wavelength Regeneration Employing Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers beyond 40Gb/s","authors":"M. Spyropoulou, S. Sygletos, Ioannis Tomkos","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296041","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine for the first time to our knowledge, the potential of all optical regeneration for multiple input wavelengths at bit-rates beyond 40 Gb/s. The system parameters have been investigated assuming two and four channel operation. Successful regeneration has been achieved for two input channels at 40 Gb/s and 160 Gb/s. Four channel operation at 40 Gb/s has been investigated as well, illustrating Q-factor improvement and amplitude fluctuation suppression at the marks.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124800892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296169
T. Birks, A. Witkowska, S. Leon-Saval, K. Lai, W. Wadsworth
We have used tapering of photonic crystal fibres to make all-fibre mode converters for the LP11 and LP02 modes. The devices rely on adiabatic propagation rather than resonant coupling, allowing high extinction across a wide wavelength range.
{"title":"Broadband Mode Convertors in Photonic Crystal Fibres","authors":"T. Birks, A. Witkowska, S. Leon-Saval, K. Lai, W. Wadsworth","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296169","url":null,"abstract":"We have used tapering of photonic crystal fibres to make all-fibre mode converters for the LP11 and LP02 modes. The devices rely on adiabatic propagation rather than resonant coupling, allowing high extinction across a wide wavelength range.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130903150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296398
T. Baghdasaryan, A. Galstyan, R. Hakobyan
The focusing property of thick chirped hologram PDLC gratings is investigated theoretically. Focal length's formula for linearly chirped gratings is obtained by using Bragg condition. Diffraction efficiency dependence on incident angle in focus point is calculated numerically and enhanced bandwidth is observed.
{"title":"Focusing Characteristics of Chirped Hologram Gratings Written in Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals (PDLC)","authors":"T. Baghdasaryan, A. Galstyan, R. Hakobyan","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296398","url":null,"abstract":"The focusing property of thick chirped hologram PDLC gratings is investigated theoretically. Focal length's formula for linearly chirped gratings is obtained by using Bragg condition. Diffraction efficiency dependence on incident angle in focus point is calculated numerically and enhanced bandwidth is observed.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131324962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296247
V. Astratov, S. Ashili, Seungmoo Yang
The efficiency of optical transport is studied in one-dimensional (ID) chains and in 3D lattices of coupled microspheres with ~1-3% size disorder. To couple light into such structures we used sources of light formed by dye-doped fluorescent microspheres. Using techniques of spatially resolved scattering spectroscopy we observed large propagation losses (~ 3 dB per sphere) along the chain at the frequencies of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in the source sphere. Away from the resonance with WGMs we observed much smaller losses (< 1 dB per sphere) due to formation of nanojet-induced modes. The propagation of light in 3D lattices of disordered coupled cavities with WGM resonances is interpreted in terms of percolation theory. In transmission spectra of such 3D structures we observed spectral signatures of strong coupling between multiple spheres with nearly resonant WGMs. The results indicate that the transmission properties can be significantly improved in 3D structures formed by more uniform spheres due to achieving an optical percolation threshold for WGM transport.
研究了尺寸无序度为~1-3%的耦合微球在一维链和三维晶格中的光输运效率。为了将光耦合到这种结构中，我们使用了由染料掺杂荧光微球形成的光源。利用空间分辨散射光谱技术，我们观察到在源球的低语通道模式(WGMs)频率下，沿链的传播损耗很大(每球约3 dB)。远离与wgm的共振，我们观察到由于纳米射流诱导模式的形成，损耗要小得多(< 1 dB /球)。用渗流理论解释了光在具有WGM共振的无序耦合腔的三维晶格中的传播。在这种三维结构的透射光谱中，我们观察到具有近共振WGMs的多个球体之间强耦合的光谱特征。结果表明，由于达到了WGM输运的光学渗透阈值，在更均匀的球形成的三维结构中，传输性能可以显著改善。
{"title":"Optical Transport Phenomena in Coupled Spherical Cavities","authors":"V. Astratov, S. Ashili, Seungmoo Yang","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296247","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of optical transport is studied in one-dimensional (ID) chains and in 3D lattices of coupled microspheres with ~1-3% size disorder. To couple light into such structures we used sources of light formed by dye-doped fluorescent microspheres. Using techniques of spatially resolved scattering spectroscopy we observed large propagation losses (~ 3 dB per sphere) along the chain at the frequencies of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in the source sphere. Away from the resonance with WGMs we observed much smaller losses (< 1 dB per sphere) due to formation of nanojet-induced modes. The propagation of light in 3D lattices of disordered coupled cavities with WGM resonances is interpreted in terms of percolation theory. In transmission spectra of such 3D structures we observed spectral signatures of strong coupling between multiple spheres with nearly resonant WGMs. The results indicate that the transmission properties can be significantly improved in 3D structures formed by more uniform spheres due to achieving an optical percolation threshold for WGM transport.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130092117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296143
M. Bergmair, K. Hingerl
In the last two decades photonic crystals (PC) have been studied in one, two and three dimensions. Recently metallic two and three dimensional PCs were investigated with the focus on using such structures in incandescent lightning and thermal photovoltaic applications. These structures exhibit a metallic band gap below a certain threshold frequency as well as structural band gaps. The PC can be designed that the metallic band gap allows to block the infrared transmission respectively emission. We will show that also simple one dimensional systems have the same features in case one component has a large absorbing part in its dielectric function. In this frequency region an omni-directional absorption band gap will occur. We demonstrate this effect by studying a metallic and polaritonic photonic crystal. In the last part of this article we show the dispersion relation of surface plasmons and polaritons by studying grazing incidence parallel to the layers. These surface states extend over adjacent layers and exhibit a region of negative group velocity for a polaritonic photonic crystal.
{"title":"Band Structure and Coupled Surface Plasmons in One Dimensional, Frequency Dependent Photonic Crystals","authors":"M. Bergmair, K. Hingerl","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2007.4296143","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades photonic crystals (PC) have been studied in one, two and three dimensions. Recently metallic two and three dimensional PCs were investigated with the focus on using such structures in incandescent lightning and thermal photovoltaic applications. These structures exhibit a metallic band gap below a certain threshold frequency as well as structural band gaps. The PC can be designed that the metallic band gap allows to block the infrared transmission respectively emission. We will show that also simple one dimensional systems have the same features in case one component has a large absorbing part in its dielectric function. In this frequency region an omni-directional absorption band gap will occur. We demonstrate this effect by studying a metallic and polaritonic photonic crystal. In the last part of this article we show the dispersion relation of surface plasmons and polaritons by studying grazing incidence parallel to the layers. These surface states extend over adjacent layers and exhibit a region of negative group velocity for a polaritonic photonic crystal.","PeriodicalId":265478,"journal":{"name":"2007 9th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128738891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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