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Reliability-oriented design of PCM thermodimensionally stable space structures 以可靠性为导向设计 PCM 热维稳定空间结构
Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.18287/2541-7533-2024-23-2-40-48
L. A. Klimakova
The problem of ensuring the specified thermo-dimensional stability of structures from laminated polymer composite materials for the service life period is considered. A method of reliability-oriented design of a thermo-dimensionally stable composite structure is proposed, according to which its design parameters are set with regard to the possibility of obtaining thermal strain properties under specific processing and the changes of these properties for the operational conditions and duration of using the article as intended. Within the framework of the presented approach, the features of design upon the dimensional accuracy and stability criterion when meeting the requirements of strength and stiffness are discussed, an algorithm of a packaged solution of the design task is given.
本研究考虑的问题是确保层压聚合物复合材料结构在使用寿命期间的特定热维稳定性。提出了一种以可靠性为导向的热维稳定复合材料结构设计方法,根据该方法,设计参数的设定要考虑到在特定加工过程中获得热应变特性的可能性,以及这些特性在使用条件和物品预期使用期限内的变化。在提出的方法框架内,讨论了在满足强度和刚度要求时,根据尺寸精度和稳定性标准进行设计的特点,并给出了设计任务的打包解决方案算法。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting the parameters of performance monitoring of complex technical systems 预测复杂技术系统性能监测参数
Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.18287/2541-7533-2024-23-2-109-120
A. A. Zolotov, V. V. Rodchenko, E. V. Gusev, I. A. Karyagin
The problem of monitoring the performance of technical systems is considered, corresponding to the stage of final control during the production of a product, as well as the stage of testing the product before its use. Based on the generalization and development of the existing approaches, models and methods for monitoring the performance of complex technical systems were developed, and models for predicting the parameters of their control were proposed. Methods of optimizing the number of tests of units of technical systems when monitoring their performance were developed. Methods for estimating the optimal level of the total defect rate are proposed. The efficiency of the proposed approaches is illustrated using a specific numerical example. The methods and models presented in the article can be useful for engineering and technical workers of design bureaus, research institutes, research and production associations and enterprises in ensuring the reliability of products and technical systems.
本研究考虑了技术系统性能监测问题,这与产品生产过程中的最终控制阶段以及产品使用前的测试阶段相对应。在对现有方法进行归纳和发展的基础上,开发了监测复杂技术系统性能的模型和方法,并提出了预测其控制参数的模型。开发了在监测技术系统性能时优化单元测试次数的方法。提出了估算总缺陷率最佳水平的方法。文章通过一个具体的数字实例说明了所提方法的效率。文章中介绍的方法和模型对设计局、研究所、研究和生产协会以及企业的工程技术人员确保产品和技术系统的可靠性很有帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling width of the spectral component of a gas-turbine engine gearbox output shaft speed 燃气涡轮发动机变速箱输出轴转速频谱分量的建模宽度
Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.18287/2541-7533-2024-23-2-157-166
A. E. Sundukov, E. V. Shakhmatov
Gearbox is the most stressed component in an aircraft gas-turbine engine. This implies the need for finding ways to monitor its technical condition. Practice shows that the most efficient method is vibration-based diagnostics. However, this method requires the use of sophisticated measurement systems and highly skilled personnel. This paper shows that errors of gear coupling manufacture and assembly, characteristics of machine operating mode, design factors, frequency modulation of the carrier of the engine rotor speed in the stationary mode of its operation, and wear of teeth flanks determine the width of the spectral component of the gearbox output shaft speed. Using the results obtained from the developed model of the width of gear tooth spectral component, ratios for width of the spectral component of the signal of the “standard” tachometric speed sensor of the gearbox output shaft speed and the corresponding spectral component of its vibration were obtained. Models for repaired and newly manufactured gearboxes and gearboxes with tooth flank wear were proposed. This allowed the development of a number of new diagnostic indicators of a defect. Several examples of the use of these new diagnostic indicators are given for the gearbox of one of turbo-prop engines. The results obtained provide an opportunity to assess the gearbox technical condition in operation.
齿轮箱是飞机燃气涡轮发动机中受力最大的部件。这意味着需要找到监控其技术状态的方法。实践证明,最有效的方法是基于振动的诊断。然而,这种方法需要使用复杂的测量系统和高技能人员。本文表明,联轴器制造和装配误差、机器运行模式特征、设计因素、发动机转子转速载体在静止运行模式下的频率调制以及齿面磨损决定了变速箱输出轴转速频谱分量的宽度。利用所开发的轮齿频谱分量宽度模型得出的结果,获得了变速箱输出轴转速的 "标准 "转速传感器信号的频谱分量宽度及其振动的相应频谱分量的比率。提出了修复和新制造的齿轮箱以及齿面磨损齿轮箱的模型。这样就可以开发出一些新的缺陷诊断指标。在涡轮螺旋桨发动机的齿轮箱中,给出了几个使用这些新诊断指标的例子。获得的结果为评估运行中的齿轮箱技术状况提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the dynamic characteristics of the pneumatic-mechanical drive of the installation movements of machine mechanisms 机器机构安装运动的气动机械传动动态特性研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.18287/2541-7533-2024-23-2-132-142
S. Prikhodko, V. S. Sidorenko, D. Korotych
The creation of new and improvement of existing machines and mechanisms requires the development of drive engineering and the creation of new drive systems capable of competing with currently known circuit solutions. Under these conditions, the creation of combined pneumatic-mechanical drives is an important scientific and technical task. The purpose of this work is to increase the speed at a given accuracy of auxiliary movements of the target mechanisms of technological machines by creating a pneumatic-mechanical drive with improved energy and dynamic characteristics. The technical solution of a positioning pneumatic-mechanical drive of executive movements of technological equipment is presented, mathematical and computer models are developed. In this case, the method of solving the differential equation in the SimInTech program is used. As a result, an oscillogram of transients is obtained. The developed models allow for dynamic analysis of pneumatic-mechanical systems.
要创造新的和改进现有的机器和机构,就必须发展驱动工程,创造新的驱动系统,使其能够与目前已知的电路解决方案竞争。在这种情况下,创建气动和机械相结合的驱动系统是一项重要的科学和技术任务。这项工作的目的是通过创造一种具有更好的能量和动态特性的气动机械驱动器,在给定精度下提高技术机械目标机构辅助运动的速度。本文提出了技术设备执行运动定位气动机械传动装置的技术解决方案,并建立了数学和计算机模型。在这种情况下,使用 SimInTech 程序中的微分方程求解方法。因此,可以获得瞬态振荡图。开发的模型可用于气动机械系统的动态分析。
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引用次数: 0
Method of first-approximation calculation of take-off weight of a light aircraft with a hybrid propulsion system 采用混合推进系统的轻型飞机起飞重量的第一近似计算方法
Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.18287/2541-7533-2024-23-2-62-73
A. V. Sychev, I. V. Arbuzov, Y.A. Ravikovich
The article discusses a method for calculating, as a first approximation, the take-off weight of a light aircraft with a hybrid power plant based on piston and electric engines. A brief overview of organizations dealing with hybrid power plants is given. The influence of the degree of hybridization of the power plant on the take-off weight of the aircraft is shown. The degree of hybridization of a power plant is understood as a relative value characterizing the distribution of the total power of all engines installed on the aircraft between piston and electric engines. The main parameters necessary to determine the take-off weight of an aircraft to a first approximation are presented. The take-off weight of the aircraft is determined to a first approximation from the equation of its existence. Statistical data of aircraft with different types of power plants are provided on the basis of which calculations are carried out. As a first approximation, the relative mass of the hybrid power plant is determined by analyzing the statistical data of light aircraft with piston and electric engines, from which the corresponding graphs are constructed. After the calculations, conclusions were drawn about the optimal range of characteristics of a light aircraft with a hybrid power plant.
文章讨论了一种计算方法,作为第一近似值,该方法可计算装有基于活塞发动机和电动发动机的混合动力装置的轻型飞机的起飞重量。文章简要介绍了有关混合动力装置的组织机构。说明了混合动力装置的混合程度对飞机起飞重量的影响。动力装置的混合程度被理解为一个相对值,表征飞机上安装的所有发动机的总功率在活塞发动机和电动发动机之间的分布。介绍了确定飞机起飞重量第一近似值所需的主要参数。飞机的起飞重量是根据其存在的方程确定的第一近似值。提供了采用不同类型动力装置的飞机的统计数据,并在此基础上进行了计算。作为第一近似值,混合动力装置的相对质量是通过分析装有活塞发动机和电动发动机的轻型飞机的统计数据确定的,并根据这些数据绘制了相应的图表。经过计算,得出了配备混合动力装置的轻型飞机的最佳特性范围。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing energy consumption of vertical take-off and landing unmanned aerial vehicle using hybrid technical solutions 利用混合技术解决方案降低垂直起降无人飞行器的能耗
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.18287/2541-7533-2024-23-1-38-54
O. Lukyanov, V. H. Hoang, V. A. Komarov, D. V. Nazarov, E. Kurkin, J. G. Quijada Pioquinto, V. Chertykovtseva
The paper describes possibilities of increasing the energy efficiency and reducing the takeoff weight of unmanned medium-heavy vertical takeoff and landing aerial vehicles of the airplane type. The authors propose a new hybrid type of unmanned aerial vehicle with a hybrid propulsion system, its aerodynamic design, method of realization of vertical takeoff/landing and cruising mode of flight which make it possible to reduce the takeoff weight of the aircraft, the weight of the basic propulsion system and the mass growth factor in comparison with the existing unmanned aerial vehicle of similar class, made according to the previously known technical solutions. The authors propose a methodology for optimizing the parameters of the configuration of the unmanned aerial vehicle considering the peculiarities of the implementation of vertical takeoff. The paper presents calculations of characteristics of vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aerial vehicles of existing types and the new hybrid type. The authors give quantitative estimates of improving unmanned aerial vehicle characteristics due to the new proposed technical solutions.
本文介绍了提高无人驾驶中型重型垂直起降飞行器的能效和减轻其起飞重量的可能性。作者提出了一种带有混合推进系统的新型混合动力无人飞行器,其气动设计、实现垂直起降和巡航飞行模式的方法,与根据以前已知技术解决方案制造的现有同类无人飞行器相比,可以减轻飞机起飞重量、基本推进系统重量和质量增长系数。考虑到实施垂直起飞的特殊性,作者提出了优化无人飞行器配置参数的方法。论文对现有类型和新型混合类型垂直起降无人飞行器的特性进行了计算。作者对采用新提出的技术解决方案后无人飞行器特性的改善情况进行了量化估算。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of trajectory motion of the first stage of an aerospace system 优化航空航天系统第一级的轨迹运动
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.18287/2541-7533-2024-23-1-80-92
A. A. Khramov
The problems of optimizing the trajectory motion of the first stage of an aerospace system according to the criterion of the maximum of the final mass are considered. The control is the angle of attack and thrust of the engines. Control optimization is carried out on the trajectory section from the point of bringing the first stage to the launch area until the motion parameters required for separation of the space stage are reached. The Pontryagin’s maximum principle is used to determine optimal control programs. The solution of the problem without restrictions on the modes of motion is carried out using the example of acceleration and climb of the first stage of the RASCAL aerospace system. A method is proposed for determining approximate optimal control in a problem with a limitation on the altitude range of the engines with separate optimization of the active and passive sections and the search for the optimal point of their coupling. Changes in control program, trajectory, and fuel consumption are discussed when limiting the maximum flight altitude in the active section.
本研究考虑了根据最终质量最大的标准优化航空航天系统第一级的轨迹运动问题。控制是发动机的攻角和推力。控制优化是对从将第一级带入发射区开始直到达到空间级分离所需的运动参数为止的轨迹部分进行的。庞特里亚金最大原则用于确定最佳控制程序。以 RASCAL 航天系统第一级的加速和爬升为例,在不限制运动模式的情况下解决了问题。在对发动机高度范围有限制的问题中,提出了一种确定近似最优控制的方法,对主动和被动部分分别进行优化,并寻找它们的最佳耦合点。讨论了在限制主动部分最大飞行高度时控制程序、轨迹和燃料消耗的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Neural network controller of a gas turbine plant low emission combustor 燃气轮机厂低排放燃烧器的神经网络控制器
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.18287/2541-7533-2024-23-1-109-122
V. Avgustinovich, T. A. Kuznetsova, A. A. Sukharev
One of the most important gas turbine engine components is the combustion chamber, the main source of harmful emissions. The study is devoted to the central issues of designing and testing of an automatic control system of harmful emissions and pressure pulsations in flame tubes of a gas turbine plant with a capacity of 16 MW GTP-16 based on a PI-controller with a built-in neural network mathematical model of a low-emission combustor (LEС). Algorithms for a neural network controller of emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere, as well as pressure pulsations in the LEC’s flame tubes were developed. The algorithms are given in a graphical programming environment and integrated into the automatic control system of GTP-16, implemented on the PXI NI hardware and software platform. The performance of the emission controller was checked during bench tests on the GTP-16 simulator with LEС neural network model serving as a virtual emission sensor. The errors in estimating the emission of nitrogen and carbon oxides and pressure pulsations in the flame tubes were determined. The normality of the error distribution of the developed nitrogen oxide emission model was proven. A conclusion about the prospects of using neural networks for the development of an adaptive control system of emissions and flame tube pressure pulsations for LECs of the gas turbine plants was drawn.
燃烧室是燃气涡轮发动机最重要的部件之一,也是有害排放物的主要来源。本研究的核心问题是设计和测试一套自动控制系统,以 PI 控制器和内置的低排放燃烧器 (LEС) 神经网络数学模型为基础,控制 16 兆瓦 GTP-16 燃气轮机发电厂火焰管中的有害排放物和压力脉动。针对氮氧化物和一氧化碳向大气中的排放以及低排放燃烧器火焰管中的压力脉动,开发了神经网络控制器算法。这些算法在图形编程环境中给出,并集成到在 PXI NI 硬件和软件平台上实现的 GTP-16 自动控制系统中。在将 LEС 神经网络模型作为虚拟排放传感器的 GTP-16 模拟器上进行的台架测试中,对排放控制器的性能进行了检验。确定了估算氮氧化物和碳氧化物排放量的误差以及火焰管中的压力脉动。证明了所开发的氮氧化物排放模型误差分布的正态性。最后得出结论:利用神经网络开发燃气轮机厂低压燃烧器排放和火焰管压力脉动自适应控制系统的前景广阔。
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引用次数: 0
Mathematical model of a generalized quadcopter kinematic scheme and its software implementation 通用四旋翼飞行器运动学方案的数学模型及其软件实现
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.18287/2541-7533-2024-23-1-7-20
V. A. Zelenskiy, M. A. Kovalev, D. N. Ovakimyan, V. S. Kirillov
A generalized kinematic scheme of the installation of quadcopter motors is presented and its main advantages are described. In accordance with the scheme, a mathematical model of the kinematics of the quadcopter was developed. The model was implemented in the MatLab software environment. The presented mathematical expressions are used to calculate kinematic characteristics, such as the values of the thrust of the motors and the reverse effect of the motors on the body of the quadcopter. The comparison of the obtained data with the experimental characteristics showed a 5% deviation of the magnitude of the dependence of the thrust on the average value of the voltage on the motors and a 30% deviation of the magnitude of the dependence of the motor action on the thrust magnitude.
本文介绍了四旋翼飞行器电机安装的通用运动学方案,并描述了其主要优点。根据该方案,建立了四旋翼飞行器运动学数学模型。该模型在 MatLab 软件环境中实现。提出的数学表达式用于计算运动学特征,如电机推力值和电机对四旋翼飞行器机身的反向影响。将获得的数据与实验特性进行比较后发现,推力大小与电机电压平均值的关系偏差为 5%,电机作用与推力大小的关系偏差为 30%。
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引用次数: 0
Verification of aero-engine numerical rotor models based on virtual static structural and modal tests 基于虚拟静态结构和模态试验的航空发动机数值转子模型验证
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.18287/2541-7533-2024-23-1-93-108
K. V. Shaposhnikov, S. A. Degtyarev, M. K. Leontiev, S. V. Anisimov
A method for developing a numerical rotor model and its further verification based on the results of virtual static structural and modal tests was proposed. Approbation of the method was performed on a model of a low pressure rotor of a high-bypass turbofan engine constructed in a software system for rotor dynamics simulation DYNAMICS R4. Refined on the basis of the results of virtual static structural tests, the model of the rotor main force action line showed good agreement in frequencies and mode shapes with the results of a finite element model, obtained during a virtual modal test.
提出了一种建立转子数值模型的方法,并根据虚拟静态结构和模态试验的结果对其进行进一步验证。在转子动力学仿真软件系统 DYNAMICS R4 中构建的高旁通涡扇发动机低压转子模型上对该方法进行了验证。转子主力作用线模型在虚拟静态结构试验结果的基础上进行了改进,其频率和模态振型与虚拟模态试验中获得的有限元模型结果非常一致。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering
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