"Who needs another review of Graphic CRT Terminals when so many good ones have recently been published?"
“最近出版了那么多优秀的显像管终端，谁还需要另一篇评论呢?”
{"title":"Graphic CRT terminals: characteristics of commercially available equipment","authors":"C. Machover","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465631","url":null,"abstract":"\"Who needs another review of Graphic CRT Terminals when so many good ones have recently been published?\"","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130336352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since January 1963 when "Sketch Pad, A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System" by Ivan E. Sutherland was published as a Ph.D. Thesis at M.I.T., graphic displays on computers have been used for a variety of experimental and production purposes. The motivation behind the system described here, is to provide an interactive graphic input/output facility to a number of existing software systems. Our business, like many others, has developed over the past 10 years a number of sophisticated and complex "Computer Aided Design" systems. These systems include principally numerical control part programming systems and engineering design analysis systems. Although these systems have proven themselves to be a necessary part of the design, and manufacturing process, nevertheless preparing input and assimilating output is still a time consuming process for the users. The interactive display speeds up these processes. Its output is more meaningful, too, since pictures as well as numbers and text are used as communication media between the man and the machine.
自从1963年1月Ivan E. Sutherland的《Sketch Pad, A Man-Machine graphic Communication System》作为麻省理工学院的博士论文发表以来，计算机上的图形显示已经被用于各种实验和生产目的。这里描述的系统背后的动机是为许多现有的软件系统提供一个交互式图形输入/输出设施。我们的业务，像许多其他人一样，在过去的10年里开发了许多复杂的“计算机辅助设计”系统。这些系统主要包括数控零件编程系统和工程设计分析系统。虽然这些系统已证明自己是设计和制造过程的必要组成部分，但对用户来说，准备输入和吸收输出仍然是一个耗时的过程。交互式显示加速了这些过程。它的输出也更有意义，因为图片、数字和文本被用作人与机器之间的交流媒介。
{"title":"Graphic language translation with a language independent processor","authors":"R. A. Morrison","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465706","url":null,"abstract":"Since January 1963 when \"Sketch Pad, A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System\" by Ivan E. Sutherland was published as a Ph.D. Thesis at M.I.T., graphic displays on computers have been used for a variety of experimental and production purposes. The motivation behind the system described here, is to provide an interactive graphic input/output facility to a number of existing software systems. Our business, like many others, has developed over the past 10 years a number of sophisticated and complex \"Computer Aided Design\" systems. These systems include principally numerical control part programming systems and engineering design analysis systems. Although these systems have proven themselves to be a necessary part of the design, and manufacturing process, nevertheless preparing input and assimilating output is still a time consuming process for the users. The interactive display speeds up these processes. Its output is more meaningful, too, since pictures as well as numbers and text are used as communication media between the man and the machine.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125940041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Time-sharing has brought about a new age in computer usage: With the advent of time-shared systems, on-line use of the computer will become economically feasible for the average user; and on-line with him will be a wealth of software utility support never before available. No longer faced with a 24-hour turnaround---the average turnaround time in some existing time-sharing systems is a few seconds or less---he can perform program research, development, and checkout with ease undreamed of heretofore.
{"title":"PLANIT: a flexible language designed for computer-human interaction","authors":"Samuel L. Feingold","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465684","url":null,"abstract":"Time-sharing has brought about a new age in computer usage: With the advent of time-shared systems, on-line use of the computer will become economically feasible for the average user; and on-line with him will be a wealth of software utility support never before available. No longer faced with a 24-hour turnaround---the average turnaround time in some existing time-sharing systems is a few seconds or less---he can perform program research, development, and checkout with ease undreamed of heretofore.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125613747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The computer in a B8500 modular data processing system may be equipped with as many as 16 memory modules, each of which has a capacity of 16,000 words of 52 bits each. The modules are self-contained with power supplies, logic circuits, and receiving and transmitting circuits which communicate with the computers.
{"title":"The B8500-microsecond thin-film memory","authors":"Richard H. Jones, E. Bittmann","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465657","url":null,"abstract":"The computer in a B8500 modular data processing system may be equipped with as many as 16 memory modules, each of which has a capacity of 16,000 words of 52 bits each. The modules are self-contained with power supplies, logic circuits, and receiving and transmitting circuits which communicate with the computers.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"87 25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131212111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most schemes for numerical integration of a set of differential equations are closely related to a corresponding analog simulation. The equations to be solved are reduced to a set of first order differential equations, each of which requires a single integration. Hence, one way to set up the problem is to draw an analog signal flow graph, then write an equation for the input to each integrator. Simultaneous numerical integration of these equations is then performed.
{"title":"A practical method for comparing numerical integration techniques","authors":"P. Shipley","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465698","url":null,"abstract":"Most schemes for numerical integration of a set of differential equations are closely related to a corresponding analog simulation. The equations to be solved are reduced to a set of first order differential equations, each of which requires a single integration. Hence, one way to set up the problem is to draw an analog signal flow graph, then write an equation for the input to each integrator. Simultaneous numerical integration of these equations is then performed.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114365480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A generalized model for the computer translation of both programming and natural languages has been developed at the Linguistics Research Center of The University of Texas. The design of the model is discussed here and sample grammatical descriptions are given to illustrate how the generalized translation of programming languages may be accomplished.
{"title":"Generalized translation of programming languages","authors":"R. W. Jonas","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465686","url":null,"abstract":"A generalized model for the computer translation of both programming and natural languages has been developed at the Linguistics Research Center of The University of Texas. The design of the model is discussed here and sample grammatical descriptions are given to illustrate how the generalized translation of programming languages may be accomplished.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114637936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Sanders, Gary Y. Breitbard, D. Cummins, J. Flexer, K. Holtz, J. Miller, G. Wiederhold
The Stanford University School of Medicine is located on the main campus of Stanford University, in Palo Alto, California. It was moved from San Francisco to the Palo Alto campus in 1959, with the purpose of more closely integrating medical research and education with the other activities of the University. It shares, with other departments of the University, the-computing facilities of the Stanford Computation Center. These facilities include an IBM 7090, a Burroughs B-5500, and a recently delivered IBM/360--67. In addition, there are currently four PDP-8, four LINC, and one LINC-8 computers in use within the medical school. Although this collection of computers represents a great deal of computing power, its distribution was such that the research needs of the medical school were not being fully met.
{"title":"An advanced computer system for medical research","authors":"W. Sanders, Gary Y. Breitbard, D. Cummins, J. Flexer, K. Holtz, J. Miller, G. Wiederhold","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465676","url":null,"abstract":"The Stanford University School of Medicine is located on the main campus of Stanford University, in Palo Alto, California. It was moved from San Francisco to the Palo Alto campus in 1959, with the purpose of more closely integrating medical research and education with the other activities of the University. It shares, with other departments of the University, the-computing facilities of the Stanford Computation Center. These facilities include an IBM 7090, a Burroughs B-5500, and a recently delivered IBM/360--67. In addition, there are currently four PDP-8, four LINC, and one LINC-8 computers in use within the medical school. Although this collection of computers represents a great deal of computing power, its distribution was such that the research needs of the medical school were not being fully met.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131312928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The RAND Tablet, a graphical man-machine communication device, is potentially one of the more fruitful approaches for two-dimensional graphic input to a computer. The high resolution of the tablet, high data transfer rates, and ease or "naturalness" of use are its chief assets. These same characteristics, however, give rise to the major problems in designing the tablet/computer interface. These problems are amplified when the interface is with a multi-accessed, time-shared computer.
{"title":"A graphic tablet display console for use under time-sharing","authors":"L. Gallenson","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465703","url":null,"abstract":"The RAND Tablet, a graphical man-machine communication device, is potentially one of the more fruitful approaches for two-dimensional graphic input to a computer. The high resolution of the tablet, high data transfer rates, and ease or \"naturalness\" of use are its chief assets. These same characteristics, however, give rise to the major problems in designing the tablet/computer interface. These problems are amplified when the interface is with a multi-accessed, time-shared computer.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121206033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the critical technologies for aerospace missions is electrical power. Increased emphasis is being given to reducing power requirements of electronics as well as toward improvements in power sources themselves. In present day aerospace computers the memory subsystems consume approximately 40 to 60% of the total computer power. This is primarily due to the high drive requirements of present core memories or to the sensing problems associated with thin film memories. Reduction in memory power requirements would, therefore, have a significant effect on extending allowable mission time.
{"title":"Low power computer memory system","authors":"D. E. Brewer, S. Nissim, G. Podraza","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465661","url":null,"abstract":"One of the critical technologies for aerospace missions is electrical power. Increased emphasis is being given to reducing power requirements of electronics as well as toward improvements in power sources themselves. In present day aerospace computers the memory subsystems consume approximately 40 to 60% of the total computer power. This is primarily due to the high drive requirements of present core memories or to the sensing problems associated with thin film memories. Reduction in memory power requirements would, therefore, have a significant effect on extending allowable mission time.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128389552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent interest in hybrid computation has focussed attention on the errors incurred because of the method of solving the problem equations. In the past some attention had been given to errors incurred due to analog component accuracy or round off error in a digital solution. However, with the advent of hybrid computation and the knowledge that the sampling that had to occur at the interface would perturb the solution, a number of papers have been published to define the problem and propose solutions. Probably the reason for the stimulated interest is that the errors can be obtained analytically for a number of simple systems. The proposed solutions to the sampling delay have shown an order of magnitude increase in the accuracy of the selected problems to which they were adapted.
{"title":"The effect of digital compensation for computation delay in a hybrid loop","authors":"E. Mitchell","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465626","url":null,"abstract":"Recent interest in hybrid computation has focussed attention on the errors incurred because of the method of solving the problem equations. In the past some attention had been given to errors incurred due to analog component accuracy or round off error in a digital solution. However, with the advent of hybrid computation and the knowledge that the sampling that had to occur at the interface would perturb the solution, a number of papers have been published to define the problem and propose solutions. Probably the reason for the stimulated interest is that the errors can be obtained analytically for a number of simple systems. The proposed solutions to the sampling delay have shown an order of magnitude increase in the accuracy of the selected problems to which they were adapted.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126976003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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