The planning network is well established as a tool for the planning of projects, and its usefulness as a catalyst for both time and cost control has been demonstrated. However, the task of management involves consideration of other factors besides merely time and cost. The overriding objectives of most commercial organisations are to make a profit, to maximise that profit and to obtain that profit from the deployment of available (or acquirable) resources. The basic planning problem is, therefore, how to decide between alternative ways of using resources such that the best profits are obtained.
{"title":"The planning network as a basis for resource allocation, cost planning and project profitability assessment","authors":"H. S. Woodgate","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465650","url":null,"abstract":"The planning network is well established as a tool for the planning of projects, and its usefulness as a catalyst for both time and cost control has been demonstrated. However, the task of management involves consideration of other factors besides merely time and cost. The overriding objectives of most commercial organisations are to make a profit, to maximise that profit and to obtain that profit from the deployment of available (or acquirable) resources. The basic planning problem is, therefore, how to decide between alternative ways of using resources such that the best profits are obtained.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129489699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mathematical description of many problems of engineering interest contains integral equations. Typical of a large class of such problems is the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind, y(x) = f(x) + λ ∫ba K(x,t) y(t) dt (1) where f(x) and the kernel K(x,t) are given functions, a and b are constants, λ is a parameter and y(x) is to be found. From a computational point of view, equations of this type may be considered as problems in two dimensions, where one dimension (t) is the dummy variable of integration. For digital computer solution, both variables must be discretized. For analog computer solution, it is possible to perform continuous integration with respect to the variable t for a fixed value of x and perform a scanning process to obtain step changes in the second variable. In either case, the solution is iterative and results in a sequence of functions {yn(x)}, n=1, 2,... which, under certain conditions, converge to the true solution y(x) as n increases.
{"title":"Solution of integral equations by hybrid computation","authors":"G. Bekey, J. C. Maloney, R. Tomovic","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465629","url":null,"abstract":"The mathematical description of many problems of engineering interest contains integral equations. Typical of a large class of such problems is the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind,\u0000 y(x) = f(x) + λ ∫ba K(x,t) y(t) dt (1)\u0000 where f(x) and the kernel K(x,t) are given functions, a and b are constants, λ is a parameter and y(x) is to be found. From a computational point of view, equations of this type may be considered as problems in two dimensions, where one dimension (t) is the dummy variable of integration. For digital computer solution, both variables must be discretized. For analog computer solution, it is possible to perform continuous integration with respect to the variable t for a fixed value of x and perform a scanning process to obtain step changes in the second variable. In either case, the solution is iterative and results in a sequence of functions {yn(x)}, n=1, 2,... which, under certain conditions, converge to the true solution y(x) as n increases.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115315113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Westinghouse-Baltimore Defense and Space Center is a military contractor of approximately 13,000 employees with sales billed in the neighborhood of one-quarter billion dollars annually. Computer operations are centralized with research, engineering, management science, and business data processing all being handled by the same facilities located in an Administrative Services Building nearby the two major Divisions of the complex but up to 60 miles away from other operations which it serves. At the present time the central computer is a UNIVAC 1108 with four connected UNIVAC 1004's, eight IBM 1050's and additional Friden Collectadata equipment which permit access to the 1108 from various remote and not so remote locations.
{"title":"Computer change at the Westinghouse Defense and Space Center","authors":"W. B. Fritz","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465688","url":null,"abstract":"The Westinghouse-Baltimore Defense and Space Center is a military contractor of approximately 13,000 employees with sales billed in the neighborhood of one-quarter billion dollars annually. Computer operations are centralized with research, engineering, management science, and business data processing all being handled by the same facilities located in an Administrative Services Building nearby the two major Divisions of the complex but up to 60 miles away from other operations which it serves. At the present time the central computer is a UNIVAC 1108 with four connected UNIVAC 1004's, eight IBM 1050's and additional Friden Collectadata equipment which permit access to the 1108 from various remote and not so remote locations.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124798115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid expansion of automated digital data processing has created a need for low-cost analog data acquisition, display and control equipment. This implies low-cost D/A and A/D conversion equipment. This paper describes the resulting family of linear integrated circuits satisfying this need.
{"title":"A family of linear integrated circuits for data systems","authors":"M. Rudin, R. O'Day, R. H. Jenkins","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465624","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of automated digital data processing has created a need for low-cost analog data acquisition, display and control equipment. This implies low-cost D/A and A/D conversion equipment. This paper describes the resulting family of linear integrated circuits satisfying this need.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125857594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among the newer memory elements, plated wire has been shown to be a serious contender for aerospace and central store applications. This paper describes a memory development project, sponsored by the Rome Air Development Center, to extend the application of plated wire into the area of mass storage.
{"title":"Engineering design of a mass random access plated wire memory","authors":"C. Chong, R. Mosenkis, D. K. Hanson","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465659","url":null,"abstract":"Among the newer memory elements, plated wire has been shown to be a serious contender for aerospace and central store applications. This paper describes a memory development project, sponsored by the Rome Air Development Center, to extend the application of plated wire into the area of mass storage.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116088882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The centrality of the files in a MIS (Management Information System), or in any other large scale computer application, has been traditionally considered as self-evident. The new problems of operating systems and the languages for use in the 3rd generation computers, plus the relatively unknown world of integrated data communications may tend to remove the files from the limelight. This should be avoided. Most business applications will continue to be "file bound," or I/O limited, even with random access to the data base.
{"title":"On designing generalized file records for management information systems","authors":"Frank H. Benner","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465649","url":null,"abstract":"The centrality of the files in a MIS (Management Information System), or in any other large scale computer application, has been traditionally considered as self-evident. The new problems of operating systems and the languages for use in the 3rd generation computers, plus the relatively unknown world of integrated data communications may tend to remove the files from the limelight. This should be avoided. Most business applications will continue to be \"file bound,\" or I/O limited, even with random access to the data base.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124592295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SODAS (Structure Oriented Description And Simulation) is a simulation language and compiler being designed at Carnegie Tech for use as a tool by the designers of computer systems. The structure of the language and its translator reflect a definition of "system" and a methodology for "system design." It is the purpose of this paper to present the proposed methodology and language.
{"title":"SODAS and a methodology for system design","authors":"D. Parnas, J. Darringer","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465670","url":null,"abstract":"SODAS (Structure Oriented Description And Simulation) is a simulation language and compiler being designed at Carnegie Tech for use as a tool by the designers of computer systems. The structure of the language and its translator reflect a definition of \"system\" and a methodology for \"system design.\" It is the purpose of this paper to present the proposed methodology and language.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123974799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mass Storage as a functional need in computer systems is continually increasing in importance with the growing trend to interactive terminal-oriented systems, serving as peripheral or external on-line memory for storing a systems data base and resident programming systems. The associated capacity, plus the ever expanding magnitude of such data, far exceeds the range where "electronic" memory is economically competitive. Included in the product category defined as mass storage are drum, disk, tape, card, strip, and chip recording structures. Direct access storage is becoming a standard feature of computer systems, with much the same type of distinctiveness as the CPU and main memory have achieved.
{"title":"Mass storage revisited","authors":"A. Hoagland","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465644","url":null,"abstract":"Mass Storage as a functional need in computer systems is continually increasing in importance with the growing trend to interactive terminal-oriented systems, serving as peripheral or external on-line memory for storing a systems data base and resident programming systems. The associated capacity, plus the ever expanding magnitude of such data, far exceeds the range where \"electronic\" memory is economically competitive. Included in the product category defined as mass storage are drum, disk, tape, card, strip, and chip recording structures. Direct access storage is becoming a standard feature of computer systems, with much the same type of distinctiveness as the CPU and main memory have achieved.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131799513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To some, "political science" is a contradiction in terms. They regard politics as an art which defies systematic study and, hence, offers no basis for a "science." Others contend, as I do, that human behavior is subject to systematic study, explanation, and prediction---and this includes man's political behavior. While the attitude of the professional student of politics toward this issue may still reveal his attitude toward the computer as a useful or even "legitimate" tool in his research, the argument over the "behavioral approach" in political science is fast becoming irrelevant to computer applications in political research. Not only is the computer becoming a "conventional" research tool in patently humanistic studies like literature, music, and art, but it is also winning favor as a useful aid to hard-nosed professional politicians---witness the conference held in Chicago last spring on data processing for Republican party workers.
{"title":"Computer applications in political science","authors":"K. Janda","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465655","url":null,"abstract":"To some, \"political science\" is a contradiction in terms. They regard politics as an art which defies systematic study and, hence, offers no basis for a \"science.\" Others contend, as I do, that human behavior is subject to systematic study, explanation, and prediction---and this includes man's political behavior. While the attitude of the professional student of politics toward this issue may still reveal his attitude toward the computer as a useful or even \"legitimate\" tool in his research, the argument over the \"behavioral approach\" in political science is fast becoming irrelevant to computer applications in political research. Not only is the computer becoming a \"conventional\" research tool in patently humanistic studies like literature, music, and art, but it is also winning favor as a useful aid to hard-nosed professional politicians---witness the conference held in Chicago last spring on data processing for Republican party workers.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130888422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The IBM 1500 Instructional System is an experimental system for computer-assisted instruction, designed to administer individual programmed lessons to 32 students at once. Working through one or more teaching devices at his own instructional station, a student may follow a course quite different from, and independent of, lessons presented at other stations. Instructional programs stored in central files control lesson content, sequence, timing, and audio-visual medium, varying all of these according to the student's responses.
IBM 1500教学系统是一种计算机辅助教学的实验系统，设计用于同时管理32名学生的个别程序课程。学生可以在自己的教学站使用一种或多种教学设备，学习与其他教学站完全不同、独立的课程。存储在中央文件中的教学程序控制课程内容、顺序、时间和视听媒介，并根据学生的反应改变所有这些。
{"title":"The CRT display subsystem of the IBM 1500 instructional system","authors":"R. H. Terlet","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465633","url":null,"abstract":"The IBM 1500 Instructional System is an experimental system for computer-assisted instruction, designed to administer individual programmed lessons to 32 students at once. Working through one or more teaching devices at his own instructional station, a student may follow a course quite different from, and independent of, lessons presented at other stations. Instructional programs stored in central files control lesson content, sequence, timing, and audio-visual medium, varying all of these according to the student's responses.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129347558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：