New memory systems are often developed as a result of the discovery and exploitation of physical phenomena which exhibit storage properties. As a result of such a "technique-oriented" approach, the structure and performance of the resulting memory system may be dictated by the intrinsic characteristics of the technique and it is possible that the most desirable storage characteristics, from the computer's viewpoint, may not be realized.
{"title":"A new technique for removable media, read-only memories","authors":"R. Chapman, M. J. Fisher","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465660","url":null,"abstract":"New memory systems are often developed as a result of the discovery and exploitation of physical phenomena which exhibit storage properties. As a result of such a \"technique-oriented\" approach, the structure and performance of the resulting memory system may be dictated by the intrinsic characteristics of the technique and it is possible that the most desirable storage characteristics, from the computer's viewpoint, may not be realized.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131055034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present day digital processing capability has been accelerated into being largely through the system opportunities offered by high-speed, large-capacity, random-access memories. Multi-user, multi-processor, time-sharing systems extend system dependence on improved memory and is bringing forth additional technologies, such as optical and semiconductor to compete with magnetic in the working memory area.
{"title":"A debate main frame memory technology","authors":"T. Finch","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465691","url":null,"abstract":"Present day digital processing capability has been accelerated into being largely through the system opportunities offered by high-speed, large-capacity, random-access memories. Multi-user, multi-processor, time-sharing systems extend system dependence on improved memory and is bringing forth additional technologies, such as optical and semiconductor to compete with magnetic in the working memory area.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127498112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To date essentially only two fundamentally different representations of numbers have been used in electronic computers: One is the analog representation by a voltage or current inside a given range, the other one, the digital representation which maps a sequence of 0's and 1's onto a spatial or temporal sequence of voltage or current pulses. Of late, interest has arisen in the use of random pulse sequences as information carriers. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6). It turns out that the use of random pulse sequences leads to the use of digital ANDs or ORs for the fundamental operations of multiplication and summation and therefore to a very considerable reduction in cost of the computational equipment. It is the purpose of this paper to present the theory of these random pulse sequences as well as their practical circuit implementations, and to give some systems design examples. In the final section some non-Von Neumann organizations will be discussed which are made possible by the use of stochastic computing elements.
{"title":"Stochastic computing elements and systems","authors":"W. Poppelbaum, C. Afuso, J. Esch","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465696","url":null,"abstract":"To date essentially only two fundamentally different representations of numbers have been used in electronic computers: One is the analog representation by a voltage or current inside a given range, the other one, the digital representation which maps a sequence of 0's and 1's onto a spatial or temporal sequence of voltage or current pulses. Of late, interest has arisen in the use of random pulse sequences as information carriers. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6). It turns out that the use of random pulse sequences leads to the use of digital ANDs or ORs for the fundamental operations of multiplication and summation and therefore to a very considerable reduction in cost of the computational equipment. It is the purpose of this paper to present the theory of these random pulse sequences as well as their practical circuit implementations, and to give some systems design examples. In the final section some non-Von Neumann organizations will be discussed which are made possible by the use of stochastic computing elements.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"292 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121587912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An operating system may be considered an environment defined by a set of software processors operating in conjunction with the facilities of one or more central processors and associated devices. Its function is to allow its users to effectively command these facilities. A time-shared multiple access operating system provides apparent simultaneous availability of its facilities to a large number of users. The Supervisor of such an operating system must provide effective control of all of the facilities available to the system.
{"title":"A generalized supervisor for a time-shared operating system","authors":"Thomas C. Wood","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465639","url":null,"abstract":"An operating system may be considered an environment defined by a set of software processors operating in conjunction with the facilities of one or more central processors and associated devices. Its function is to allow its users to effectively command these facilities. A time-shared multiple access operating system provides apparent simultaneous availability of its facilities to a large number of users. The Supervisor of such an operating system must provide effective control of all of the facilities available to the system.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121099511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid, six-degree-of-freedom, man-and-the-loop, simulation of a lifting reentry vehicle","authors":"P. F. Bohn","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116148575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the continuing increase of computer installations utilizing some form of data communication, experience is being accumulated on the remote terminal operation of computer and information services for interactive usage, batch processing and other data retrieval services. Important factors in the future commercial development of such services are the availability and cost of communication circuits and terminal equipment. Interest has recently been focused on these areas by the Federal Communications Commission's inquiry into the "regulatory and policy problems presented by the interdependence of computers and communications service facilities."
{"title":"Information services and communications: (computer utilities)","authors":"E. Grabbe","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465680","url":null,"abstract":"With the continuing increase of computer installations utilizing some form of data communication, experience is being accumulated on the remote terminal operation of computer and information services for interactive usage, batch processing and other data retrieval services. Important factors in the future commercial development of such services are the availability and cost of communication circuits and terminal equipment. Interest has recently been focused on these areas by the Federal Communications Commission's inquiry into the \"regulatory and policy problems presented by the interdependence of computers and communications service facilities.\"","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"733 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114003642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although much effort has been spent trying to improve communications across the man-computer boundary, most large computer centers still rely on punched-card-input and line-printer-output for the bulk of their load. Even modern "time-shared" systems rely principally on teletypewriter alphanumeric communication between man and machine.
{"title":"Multi-function graphics for a large computer system","authors":"C. Christensen, E. N. Pinson","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465704","url":null,"abstract":"Although much effort has been spent trying to improve communications across the man-computer boundary, most large computer centers still rely on punched-card-input and line-printer-output for the bulk of their load. Even modern \"time-shared\" systems rely principally on teletypewriter alphanumeric communication between man and machine.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122968636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject computer is a 16-bit, one microsecond, integrated circuit computer implemented with picoprogrammed internal control. (Picoprogramming is conceptually comparable to microprogramming but without the need for decoding logic.) The design provides for modular CPU expansion both in word-size and instruction-repertoire. In addition, it lends itself very admirably to post-design tailorability, which is the most important unique feature of its picoprogrammed control design.
{"title":"Modular computer design with picoprogrammed control","authors":"J. Valassis","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465694","url":null,"abstract":"The subject computer is a 16-bit, one microsecond, integrated circuit computer implemented with picoprogrammed internal control. (Picoprogramming is conceptually comparable to microprogramming but without the need for decoding logic.) The design provides for modular CPU expansion both in word-size and instruction-repertoire. In addition, it lends itself very admirably to post-design tailorability, which is the most important unique feature of its picoprogrammed control design.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133523383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Real-time data acquisition and control systems incorporating a general purpose digital computer (GPC) are considered for convenience to be composed of three parts: transducers and transmission paths, an input-output mechanism (I/O), and the GPC. The transducers and transmission paths considered in particular are those resulting in the desired data being phase-modulated on carrier waveforms. This type of phase-encoded information may be received from a variety of sources, among which are shaft-angle resolvers with sine-cosine excitations, and Doppler navigation systems. The primary focus of attention in this paper is a new I/O which can receive the phase-modulated waveforms directly, perform a variety of processing functions on the raw data in its phase-modulated form, and present the processed data in a convenient binary format to the GPC. The new I/O can process data from a number of sources in parallel at relatively high speeds, thereby leaving the GPC time for monitoring, adaptive parameter adjustment, and other sophisticated decision and control functions. Similar techniques utilizing different phases of the computer clock signal permit the GPC to generate digital and/or analog commands to transducers via the I/O.
{"title":"A new high-speed general purpose I/O with real-time computing capability","authors":"K. Fertig, D. Cox","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465647","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time data acquisition and control systems incorporating a general purpose digital computer (GPC) are considered for convenience to be composed of three parts: transducers and transmission paths, an input-output mechanism (I/O), and the GPC. The transducers and transmission paths considered in particular are those resulting in the desired data being phase-modulated on carrier waveforms. This type of phase-encoded information may be received from a variety of sources, among which are shaft-angle resolvers with sine-cosine excitations, and Doppler navigation systems. The primary focus of attention in this paper is a new I/O which can receive the phase-modulated waveforms directly, perform a variety of processing functions on the raw data in its phase-modulated form, and present the processed data in a convenient binary format to the GPC. The new I/O can process data from a number of sources in parallel at relatively high speeds, thereby leaving the GPC time for monitoring, adaptive parameter adjustment, and other sophisticated decision and control functions. Similar techniques utilizing different phases of the computer clock signal permit the GPC to generate digital and/or analog commands to transducers via the I/O.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132841959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the major problems encountered in a hybrid computing facility is interfacing the analog and digital copartners. The papers of Hagan and Treiber, Rubin, and Chapelle demonstrate the versatility of the MDAC (Multiplying Digital to Analog Converter) as an interface element.
{"title":"The IADIC: a hybrid computing element","authors":"James I. Crawford, M. J. Bodoia","doi":"10.1145/1465611.1465614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1465611.1465614","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major problems encountered in a hybrid computing facility is interfacing the analog and digital copartners. The papers of Hagan and Treiber, Rubin, and Chapelle demonstrate the versatility of the MDAC (Multiplying Digital to Analog Converter) as an interface element.","PeriodicalId":265740,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '67 (Fall)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121050261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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