Pub Date : 2015-04-01DOI: 10.4018/IJHCR.2015040102
Alexander Forde, Kevin Laubhan, K. Yelamarthi
The lightweight and low-cost 3-dimensional depth sensors have gained much attention in the computer vision and gaming industry. While its performance has been proven successful in the gaming industry, these sensors have not been utilized successfully for assistive devices. Leveraging on this gap, this paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a depth-vision coordinated robust architecture for obstacle detection and haptic feedback system for the blind. The proposed system scans the scene in front, converts it into depth matrix, processes the information, to identify obstacles including physical objects and humans, and provide relevant haptic feedback for navigation of the blind. Through design and evaluation, the proposed system has shown to successfully identify objects and humans, perform real-time distance measurements, and provide a working solution.
{"title":"Depth-Vision Coordinated Robust Architecture for Obstacle Detection and Haptic Feedback","authors":"Alexander Forde, Kevin Laubhan, K. Yelamarthi","doi":"10.4018/IJHCR.2015040102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCR.2015040102","url":null,"abstract":"The lightweight and low-cost 3-dimensional depth sensors have gained much attention in the computer vision and gaming industry. While its performance has been proven successful in the gaming industry, these sensors have not been utilized successfully for assistive devices. Leveraging on this gap, this paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a depth-vision coordinated robust architecture for obstacle detection and haptic feedback system for the blind. The proposed system scans the scene in front, converts it into depth matrix, processes the information, to identify obstacles including physical objects and humans, and provide relevant haptic feedback for navigation of the blind. Through design and evaluation, the proposed system has shown to successfully identify objects and humans, perform real-time distance measurements, and provide a working solution.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132567356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.4018/IJHCR.2014100102
Timothy Dougan, K. Curran
Mobile devices which make use of 802.11 Wi-Fi are ubiquitous in modern society. At the same time, there is an unmet need in research and monitoring applications, and particularly in those relating to service and healthcare scenarios, to accurately detect the occurrence and hence frequency and duration of human interaction between subjects. Various sensor modalities exist that are able to perform localization of human subjects with useful degrees of accuracy, but in all cases they are either expensive, inflexible, or prone to influencing subject behaviour via the Hawthorne or observer effect. Given the ubiquity of mobile devices, it is the contention of this paper that a system which localizes human presence based on the human body's obstructive effects on RF transmissions through interpretation of perturbation of the Received Signal Strength values generated during transmission, may offer a system that is both inexpensive and flexible, while avoiding the need for direct subject participation, and thus reducing the impact of the Hawthorne effect.
{"title":"Detection of Social Interaction Using Mobile Phones via Device Free Passive Localisation","authors":"Timothy Dougan, K. Curran","doi":"10.4018/IJHCR.2014100102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCR.2014100102","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile devices which make use of 802.11 Wi-Fi are ubiquitous in modern society. At the same time, there is an unmet need in research and monitoring applications, and particularly in those relating to service and healthcare scenarios, to accurately detect the occurrence and hence frequency and duration of human interaction between subjects. Various sensor modalities exist that are able to perform localization of human subjects with useful degrees of accuracy, but in all cases they are either expensive, inflexible, or prone to influencing subject behaviour via the Hawthorne or observer effect. Given the ubiquity of mobile devices, it is the contention of this paper that a system which localizes human presence based on the human body's obstructive effects on RF transmissions through interpretation of perturbation of the Received Signal Strength values generated during transmission, may offer a system that is both inexpensive and flexible, while avoiding the need for direct subject participation, and thus reducing the impact of the Hawthorne effect.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129506384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.4018/IJHCR.2014100104
M. R. Astonkar, A. Buchade
Nowadays Web paradigm has shifted towards Mobile paradigm. Web goes more mobile, that's why there is a need to understand behaviour of mobile visitors and their engagement with mobile apps to make it more interesting. Here, we are trying to explore an emerging field as Mobile App Analytics. We can explore Mobile Analytics field in 3 ways, the mobile app as a data source, the analytics tools needed to turn the data into deep insights, and the organizational aspect of using actionable insights to inform decision-making. In this paper, we are going to develop mobile analytics dashboard or a Tool-Rolopanel which will easily help to track, analyse traffic of mobile app visitors through events tracking functionality. Events are nothing but actions that users takes while using any app.Particularly we are analysing here gaming apps data and the engagement of users with that mobile app. We have tried to build multifunctional dashboard which can display different tracked user data on single platform in a very simple manner as well it will help to understand its semantics easily.
{"title":"Rolopanel: Tracking Game Behaviour through Mobile Analytics","authors":"M. R. Astonkar, A. Buchade","doi":"10.4018/IJHCR.2014100104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCR.2014100104","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays Web paradigm has shifted towards Mobile paradigm. Web goes more mobile, that's why there is a need to understand behaviour of mobile visitors and their engagement with mobile apps to make it more interesting. Here, we are trying to explore an emerging field as Mobile App Analytics. We can explore Mobile Analytics field in 3 ways, the mobile app as a data source, the analytics tools needed to turn the data into deep insights, and the organizational aspect of using actionable insights to inform decision-making. In this paper, we are going to develop mobile analytics dashboard or a Tool-Rolopanel which will easily help to track, analyse traffic of mobile app visitors through events tracking functionality. Events are nothing but actions that users takes while using any app.Particularly we are analysing here gaming apps data and the engagement of users with that mobile app. We have tried to build multifunctional dashboard which can display different tracked user data on single platform in a very simple manner as well it will help to understand its semantics easily.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131513744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.4018/IJHCR.2014100103
Abdurhman Albasir, V. Mahinthan, S. Naik, Abdulhakim Abogharaf, N. Goel, Bernard Plourde
Smartphones became the preferred means of communication among users due to the availability of thousands of applications apps. Although the hardware and software capabilities of smartphones are on the rise, the apps are primarily constrained by the wireless bandwidth and battery life. In this paper, the authors present a test architecture to: i evaluate the energy performance of two different designs of the same mobile app service; and ii evaluate the bandwidth and energy impacts of advertisements ads on smartphones. The authors' measurements on two video players show that, the proper design results a more energy efficient video players. Next, they compare the bandwidth and energy performance news and magazine websites with ads and without ads. In some cases, ads bandwidth cost reaches 50%, whereas ads energy cost reaches 17.8%. The authors also identified the challenges in reliably performing such tests on a large scale. App developers, users, manufacturers, and Internet Service Providers will benefit from this research.
{"title":"Performance Testing of Mobile Applications on Smartphones","authors":"Abdurhman Albasir, V. Mahinthan, S. Naik, Abdulhakim Abogharaf, N. Goel, Bernard Plourde","doi":"10.4018/IJHCR.2014100103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCR.2014100103","url":null,"abstract":"Smartphones became the preferred means of communication among users due to the availability of thousands of applications apps. Although the hardware and software capabilities of smartphones are on the rise, the apps are primarily constrained by the wireless bandwidth and battery life. In this paper, the authors present a test architecture to: i evaluate the energy performance of two different designs of the same mobile app service; and ii evaluate the bandwidth and energy impacts of advertisements ads on smartphones. The authors' measurements on two video players show that, the proper design results a more energy efficient video players. Next, they compare the bandwidth and energy performance news and magazine websites with ads and without ads. In some cases, ads bandwidth cost reaches 50%, whereas ads energy cost reaches 17.8%. The authors also identified the challenges in reliably performing such tests on a large scale. App developers, users, manufacturers, and Internet Service Providers will benefit from this research.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114840201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.4018/IJHCR.2014100101
Noah P. Svoboda, A. Sabouni
This article describes the development of a method for a biocompatible sensor device for the intent of in-vivo breast tissue dielectric properties measurements. This article focuses on a specific type of sensor that utilizes an LC circuit with an inter-digital capacitor IDC with small size and high sensitivity for early stage breast cancer detection. To meet this objective an IDC was optimized in terms of contrast and miniaturized size via simulation techniques. For experimental testing, a scaled-up prototype inter-digital capacitor and spiral square inductor sensor was fabricated, and tested with known media, such as distilled water and glycerol. The results suggest that there is a need for further development, such as fabrication and testing for the biocompatible, miniaturized sensor for breast tissue application.
{"title":"Biocompatible Implanted Dielectric Sensors for Breast Cancer Detection","authors":"Noah P. Svoboda, A. Sabouni","doi":"10.4018/IJHCR.2014100101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCR.2014100101","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the development of a method for a biocompatible sensor device for the intent of in-vivo breast tissue dielectric properties measurements. This article focuses on a specific type of sensor that utilizes an LC circuit with an inter-digital capacitor IDC with small size and high sensitivity for early stage breast cancer detection. To meet this objective an IDC was optimized in terms of contrast and miniaturized size via simulation techniques. For experimental testing, a scaled-up prototype inter-digital capacitor and spiral square inductor sensor was fabricated, and tested with known media, such as distilled water and glycerol. The results suggest that there is a need for further development, such as fabrication and testing for the biocompatible, miniaturized sensor for breast tissue application.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129057836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJHCR.2014070103
P. Ranganathan, S. Faruque
There is an immediate need to find solution on spectrum crunch for communication framework and how to defend against cyber-attacks while sustaining energy delivery function specifically carried by Phasor Measurement Units PMUs and Phasor Data concentrators PDC [Phadke, 2008]. The paper uses the concept of exploiting antenna directivity by assigning the same frequency to all three directions, and thus co-channel isolation will be increased, and eventually reducing the interference and increasing the channel capacity. The paper also discuss the error correction control, and security challenges that are required in existing TCP/IP networks for PMU and PDC devices.
{"title":"A Secure Wireless Spectrum Control, Error Correction Scheme in Synchrophasors","authors":"P. Ranganathan, S. Faruque","doi":"10.4018/IJHCR.2014070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCR.2014070103","url":null,"abstract":"There is an immediate need to find solution on spectrum crunch for communication framework and how to defend against cyber-attacks while sustaining energy delivery function specifically carried by Phasor Measurement Units PMUs and Phasor Data concentrators PDC [Phadke, 2008]. The paper uses the concept of exploiting antenna directivity by assigning the same frequency to all three directions, and thus co-channel isolation will be increased, and eventually reducing the interference and increasing the channel capacity. The paper also discuss the error correction control, and security challenges that are required in existing TCP/IP networks for PMU and PDC devices.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124904058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJHCR.2014070101
Benjamin Sanda, I. Abdel-Qader, A. Akanmu
The use of Radio Frequency Identification RFID has become widespread in industry as a means to quickly and wirelessly identify and track packages and equipment. Now there is a commercial interest in using RFID to provide real-time localization. Efforts to use RFID technology in this way experience localization errors due to noise and multipath effects inherent to these environments. This paper presents the use of both linear Kalman filters and non-linear Unscented Kalman filters to reduce the error rate inherent to real-time RFID localization systems and provide more accurate localization results in indoor environments. A commercial RFID localization system designed for use by the construction industry is used in this work, and a filtering model based on 3rd order motion is developed. The filtering model is tested with real-world data and shown to provide an increase in localization accuracy when applied to both raw time of arrival measurements as well as final localization results.
{"title":"Reducing Tracking Error in RFID Real-Time Localization Systems Using Kalman Filters","authors":"Benjamin Sanda, I. Abdel-Qader, A. Akanmu","doi":"10.4018/IJHCR.2014070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCR.2014070101","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Radio Frequency Identification RFID has become widespread in industry as a means to quickly and wirelessly identify and track packages and equipment. Now there is a commercial interest in using RFID to provide real-time localization. Efforts to use RFID technology in this way experience localization errors due to noise and multipath effects inherent to these environments. This paper presents the use of both linear Kalman filters and non-linear Unscented Kalman filters to reduce the error rate inherent to real-time RFID localization systems and provide more accurate localization results in indoor environments. A commercial RFID localization system designed for use by the construction industry is used in this work, and a filtering model based on 3rd order motion is developed. The filtering model is tested with real-world data and shown to provide an increase in localization accuracy when applied to both raw time of arrival measurements as well as final localization results.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"313 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124444378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJHCR.2014070102
G. Sriram, A. Jensen, Steve C. Chiu
The human hand along with its fingers possess one of the highest numbers of nerve endings in the human body. It thus has the capacity for the richest tactile feedback for positioning capabilities. This article shares a new technique of controlling slippage. The sensing system used for the detection of slippage is a modified force sensing resistor FSR®. The control system is a fuzzy logic control algorithm with multiple rules that is designed to be processed on a mobile handheld computing platform and integrated/working alongside a traditional Electromyography EMG or Electroencephalography EEG based control system used for determining position of the fingers. A 5 Degrees of Freedom DOF hand, was used to test the slippage control strategy in real time. First a reference EMG signal was used for getting the 5 DOF hand to grasp an object, using position control. Then a slip was introduced to see the slippage control strategy at work. The results based on the plain tactile sensory feedback and the modified sensory feedback are discussed.
{"title":"Smart Prosthetic Hand with Object Slippage Detection, Measurement, and Control","authors":"G. Sriram, A. Jensen, Steve C. Chiu","doi":"10.4018/IJHCR.2014070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCR.2014070102","url":null,"abstract":"The human hand along with its fingers possess one of the highest numbers of nerve endings in the human body. It thus has the capacity for the richest tactile feedback for positioning capabilities. This article shares a new technique of controlling slippage. The sensing system used for the detection of slippage is a modified force sensing resistor FSR®. The control system is a fuzzy logic control algorithm with multiple rules that is designed to be processed on a mobile handheld computing platform and integrated/working alongside a traditional Electromyography EMG or Electroencephalography EEG based control system used for determining position of the fingers. A 5 Degrees of Freedom DOF hand, was used to test the slippage control strategy in real time. First a reference EMG signal was used for getting the 5 DOF hand to grasp an object, using position control. Then a slip was introduced to see the slippage control strategy at work. The results based on the plain tactile sensory feedback and the modified sensory feedback are discussed.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128673737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.4018/ijhcr.2014040103
Eric Chan-Tin, Qi Cheng
Public safety communication is a critical component of day-to-day life. The authors propose a flexible and resilient communication system using an ad-hoc cognitive radio network that fully utilizes the available spectrum resources. Two main components of the network are addressed: route discovery, i.e., identifying multiple paths from the source to the destination, and scheduling for these paths, i.e., efficiently allocating available resources to achieve an optimal transmission. Field-based routing is adopted. The authors also introduce a secure authentication and routing mechanism for this network. The authentication component leverages the social aspect of public safety communications and mitigates most basic wireless attacks. A hybrid novel reputation scheme is then proposed to allow for efficient routing in the presence of adversaries. The authors show through simulations that the proposed secure framework can efficiently reduce the transmission delay, be robust to the dynamics of channel availability, and mitigate routing attacks in a cognitive radio network.
{"title":"Secure Routing and Scheduling in Ad-Hoc Cognitive Radio Networks for Public Safety","authors":"Eric Chan-Tin, Qi Cheng","doi":"10.4018/ijhcr.2014040103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijhcr.2014040103","url":null,"abstract":"Public safety communication is a critical component of day-to-day life. The authors propose a flexible and resilient communication system using an ad-hoc cognitive radio network that fully utilizes the available spectrum resources. Two main components of the network are addressed: route discovery, i.e., identifying multiple paths from the source to the destination, and scheduling for these paths, i.e., efficiently allocating available resources to achieve an optimal transmission. Field-based routing is adopted. The authors also introduce a secure authentication and routing mechanism for this network. The authentication component leverages the social aspect of public safety communications and mitigates most basic wireless attacks. A hybrid novel reputation scheme is then proposed to allow for efficient routing in the presence of adversaries. The authors show through simulations that the proposed secure framework can efficiently reduce the transmission delay, be robust to the dynamics of channel availability, and mitigate routing attacks in a cognitive radio network.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134405355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.4018/ijhcr.2014040104
F. Afghah, A. Razi
In this paper, a novel property-right spectrum leasing solution based on Stackelberg game is proposed for Cognitive Radio Networks CRN, where part of the secondary users present probabilistic dishonest behavior. In this model, the Primary User PU as the spectrum owner allows the Secondary User SU to access the shared spectrum for a fraction of time in exchange for providing cooperative relaying service by the SU. A reputation based mechanism is proposed that enables the PU to monitor the cooperative behavior of the SUs and restrict its search space at each time slot to the secondary users that do not present dishonest behavior in the proceeding time slots. The proposed reputation-based solution outperforms the classical Stackelberg games from both primary and reliable secondary users' perspectives. This novel method of filtering out unreliable users increases the PU's expected utility over consecutive time slots and also encourages the SUs to follow the game rule.
{"title":"Game Theoretic Study of Cooperative Spectrum Leasing in Cognitive Radio Networks","authors":"F. Afghah, A. Razi","doi":"10.4018/ijhcr.2014040104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijhcr.2014040104","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel property-right spectrum leasing solution based on Stackelberg game is proposed for Cognitive Radio Networks CRN, where part of the secondary users present probabilistic dishonest behavior. In this model, the Primary User PU as the spectrum owner allows the Secondary User SU to access the shared spectrum for a fraction of time in exchange for providing cooperative relaying service by the SU. A reputation based mechanism is proposed that enables the PU to monitor the cooperative behavior of the SUs and restrict its search space at each time slot to the secondary users that do not present dishonest behavior in the proceeding time slots. The proposed reputation-based solution outperforms the classical Stackelberg games from both primary and reliable secondary users' perspectives. This novel method of filtering out unreliable users increases the PU's expected utility over consecutive time slots and also encourages the SUs to follow the game rule.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127942284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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