Every new technology comes with its challenges and lessons to be learnt. With a number of unknowns, deploying a new technology becomes a challenge. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WiMAX is one of these new technologies currently on the rise. This paper presents the finding of the research conducted to investigate technical and non technical aspects of network operators in Tanzania. The research looked into WiMAX network operational challenges faced by the network owners as well as the level of services experienced by the end users. This paper is suitable researchers, network operators and investors interested in WiMAX technology. It is mostly usefully for those looking into solutions to problem facing rural and remote areas of the world. The research is discussed in detail throughout of the article.
{"title":"WiMAX Networks: Operations and QoS in Developing Countries","authors":"E. Sedoyeka, Z. Hunaiti","doi":"10.4018/jhcr.2012100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2012100105","url":null,"abstract":"Every new technology comes with its challenges and lessons to be learnt. With a number of unknowns, deploying a new technology becomes a challenge. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WiMAX is one of these new technologies currently on the rise. This paper presents the finding of the research conducted to investigate technical and non technical aspects of network operators in Tanzania. The research looked into WiMAX network operational challenges faced by the network owners as well as the level of services experienced by the end users. This paper is suitable researchers, network operators and investors interested in WiMAX technology. It is mostly usefully for those looking into solutions to problem facing rural and remote areas of the world. The research is discussed in detail throughout of the article.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121094447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pervasiveness of mobile handheld devices and advancement in real-time continuous speech recognition technology has opened up a wide range of research opportunities in human-computer interaction for those devices. On the one hand, there has been an increasing amount of research on developing user-friendly speech recognition solutions and applications for mobile handheld devices. On the other hand, there are many distinct challenges in mobile speech recognition. Aiming to gain a good understanding of this emerging yet challenging area and provide a research map, this paper presents a state-of-the-art overview of this field. We will discuss three main architectures of mobile speech recognition systems, analyze their strengths and weaknesses, introduce some major research issues in the field, and highlight a number of major applications of speech recognition on handheld devices. The authors will also shed some light into important future research issues as a road map for researchers and practitioners.
{"title":"Hype or Ready for Prime Time?: Speech Recognition on Mobile Handheld Devices (MASR)","authors":"Dongsong Zhang, Hsien-Ming Chou, Lina Zhou","doi":"10.4018/jhcr.2012100103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2012100103","url":null,"abstract":"The pervasiveness of mobile handheld devices and advancement in real-time continuous speech recognition technology has opened up a wide range of research opportunities in human-computer interaction for those devices. On the one hand, there has been an increasing amount of research on developing user-friendly speech recognition solutions and applications for mobile handheld devices. On the other hand, there are many distinct challenges in mobile speech recognition. Aiming to gain a good understanding of this emerging yet challenging area and provide a research map, this paper presents a state-of-the-art overview of this field. We will discuss three main architectures of mobile speech recognition systems, analyze their strengths and weaknesses, introduce some major research issues in the field, and highlight a number of major applications of speech recognition on handheld devices. The authors will also shed some light into important future research issues as a road map for researchers and practitioners.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115559712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last decade, the development in mobile technology, satellite navigation systems and Geographical Information Systems GIS have contributed to the design and development of Brunel Remote Guidance System BRGS. This system has the potential to be utilized by visually impaired pedestrians to make their life safer and easier. Recent research on BRGS indicates that in future this technology might be an integral part of their life practices. However, before the full deployment of the system in real life, more research is needed to reach both the best setup and performance of the system. The performance of the system is subject to each factor within the sub-system of the overall system architecture. Hence, knowing each sub-system along with its method of performance assessment and its effectiveness will definitely enable the better evaluation of the whole system performance which can lead to a better system setup. Therefore, that has been the main aim of this paper which has been achieved through conducted systematic literature review on previous literature related to this project. The main finding of the study showed that there is no clear setup and performance assessment method for one essential part on the system, which is the guide terminal.
{"title":"A Study of Performance Factors in the Brunel Remote Guidance System for Visually Impaired Pedestrians","authors":"Mohammed Al-Masarweh, V. Garaj, W. Balachandran","doi":"10.4018/jhcr.2012100104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2012100104","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, the development in mobile technology, satellite navigation systems and Geographical Information Systems GIS have contributed to the design and development of Brunel Remote Guidance System BRGS. This system has the potential to be utilized by visually impaired pedestrians to make their life safer and easier. Recent research on BRGS indicates that in future this technology might be an integral part of their life practices. However, before the full deployment of the system in real life, more research is needed to reach both the best setup and performance of the system. The performance of the system is subject to each factor within the sub-system of the overall system architecture. Hence, knowing each sub-system along with its method of performance assessment and its effectiveness will definitely enable the better evaluation of the whole system performance which can lead to a better system setup. Therefore, that has been the main aim of this paper which has been achieved through conducted systematic literature review on previous literature related to this project. The main finding of the study showed that there is no clear setup and performance assessment method for one essential part on the system, which is the guide terminal.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126008894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a distributed algorithm to realize a dynamic function alternation is proposed. The algorithm enables sensor nodes to take over the damaged functions of their neighboring sensor nodes automatically in a wireless sensor network. After describing the concept of the function alternation, the algorithm is explained in detail with some evaluation results. Comparing the results obtained using the proposed algorithm with those obtained using non-function alternation methods shows that the proposed algorithm makes the initial functionality of each sensor function sustainable even if some sensor nodes are damaged. A wireless sensor network system dedicated to disaster monitoring is also introduced, as an application of the proposed function alternation algorithm.
{"title":"Dynamic Function Alternation to Realize Robust Wireless Sensor Network","authors":"T. Miyazaki","doi":"10.4018/jhcr.2012070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2012070102","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a distributed algorithm to realize a dynamic function alternation is proposed. The algorithm enables sensor nodes to take over the damaged functions of their neighboring sensor nodes automatically in a wireless sensor network. After describing the concept of the function alternation, the algorithm is explained in detail with some evaluation results. Comparing the results obtained using the proposed algorithm with those obtained using non-function alternation methods shows that the proposed algorithm makes the initial functionality of each sensor function sustainable even if some sensor nodes are damaged. A wireless sensor network system dedicated to disaster monitoring is also introduced, as an application of the proposed function alternation algorithm.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133914918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes and evaluates an average consensus scheme for wireless sensor networks. For this, two communication error models, the fading signal error model and approximated fading signal error model, are introduced and incorporated into the proposed decentralized average consensus scheme, especially adapted to the constraints of wireless sensor networks. A mathematical analysis is introduced to derive the approximated fading signal model from the fading signal model and different simulation scenarios are introduced and their results analyzed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme and its effectiveness in meeting the needs of wireless sensor networks.
{"title":"Decentralized Average Consensus in Wireless Sensor Networks with Unreliable Communication Channels","authors":"S. Saed, Lingxi Li, Dongsoo S. Kim","doi":"10.4018/jhcr.2012070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2012070103","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes and evaluates an average consensus scheme for wireless sensor networks. For this, two communication error models, the fading signal error model and approximated fading signal error model, are introduced and incorporated into the proposed decentralized average consensus scheme, especially adapted to the constraints of wireless sensor networks. A mathematical analysis is introduced to derive the approximated fading signal model from the fading signal model and different simulation scenarios are introduced and their results analyzed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme and its effectiveness in meeting the needs of wireless sensor networks.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125980808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital map services and geographical information search services are widely available on the Internet. Users can retrieve appropriate geographical information from digital maps using certain map operations and category selection methods. However, it can be difficult for users to find specific geographical information when a map region contains a large amount of information. Furthermore, a user's interest in a region or a category may change. Therefore, the authors propose a method for recommending geographical information to users based on their map operation or category selection history. The authors developed a model to determine a user's interests and used it to recommend suitable regions and categories.
{"title":"Geographical Recommender System Using User Interest Model Based on Map Operation and Category Selection","authors":"Kenta Oku, Rika Kotera, D. Kitayama, K. Sumiya","doi":"10.4018/jhcr.2012070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2012070101","url":null,"abstract":"Digital map services and geographical information search services are widely available on the Internet. Users can retrieve appropriate geographical information from digital maps using certain map operations and category selection methods. However, it can be difficult for users to find specific geographical information when a map region contains a large amount of information. Furthermore, a user's interest in a region or a category may change. Therefore, the authors propose a method for recommending geographical information to users based on their map operation or category selection history. The authors developed a model to determine a user's interests and used it to recommend suitable regions and categories.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123177218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manual image annotation is an extensive and a cumbersome task, yet extremely important for image management and retrieval. The purpose of the authors' system is to semi-automatically generate ontology-based annotations for a social network by leveraging the annotations provided by the most active user i.e., the central actor. Context of an image is of central importance in their approach towards semantic semi-automatic annotation. For context of an image, the authors consider several factors like geo-reference, time and relationship among actors in social networks and instead of using image-processing techniques to manipulate and interpret the image, their system leverages the context, which is automatically available along with the image and have also extended Social Network Analysis techniques by considering the granularity of relationships among actors under consideration. The authors use a semantic web framework to represent the social network and to deal with the diversity of relationships. OntoCAIM ontology is developed which not only encompasses Social Network Analysis functionality but also defines mechanism to annotate the images with an underlying ontology.
{"title":"Ontology-Based Image Annotation by Leveraging Social Context","authors":"N. Elahi, Randi Karlsen, W. Younas","doi":"10.4018/jhcr.2012070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2012070104","url":null,"abstract":"Manual image annotation is an extensive and a cumbersome task, yet extremely important for image management and retrieval. The purpose of the authors' system is to semi-automatically generate ontology-based annotations for a social network by leveraging the annotations provided by the most active user i.e., the central actor. Context of an image is of central importance in their approach towards semantic semi-automatic annotation. For context of an image, the authors consider several factors like geo-reference, time and relationship among actors in social networks and instead of using image-processing techniques to manipulate and interpret the image, their system leverages the context, which is automatically available along with the image and have also extended Social Network Analysis techniques by considering the granularity of relationships among actors under consideration. The authors use a semantic web framework to represent the social network and to deal with the diversity of relationships. OntoCAIM ontology is developed which not only encompasses Social Network Analysis functionality but also defines mechanism to annotate the images with an underlying ontology.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130866303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arbitrarily 3D scenes pose difficult challenges to real-time visualization, navigation and exploration on mobile devices. We have developed a framework for supporting interactive navigation and exploration of mobile virtual environments. Our framework can be used to load dynamically virtual environments from a remote PC server, navigate through them, find an optimal and collision-free path from one place to another, and obtain additional information on the objects of interest by directly pointing to their representation in the virtual world. As a proof of concept of the framework as well as to illustrate its use and main functionalities, we have run tests with a virtual world containing more than one hundred thousand triangles. A walkthrough of this world shows how the framework allocates resources memory and processing time to execute the tasks of rendering, geometric transformations, collision detection, and scenes loading, and how its performance is affected under different navigation scenarios.
{"title":"Interactive Navigation and Exploration of Virtual Environments on Handheld Devices","authors":"M. A. Rodrigues, Rafael G. Barbosa, N. Mendonça","doi":"10.4018/jhcr.2012070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2012070105","url":null,"abstract":"Arbitrarily 3D scenes pose difficult challenges to real-time visualization, navigation and exploration on mobile devices. We have developed a framework for supporting interactive navigation and exploration of mobile virtual environments. Our framework can be used to load dynamically virtual environments from a remote PC server, navigate through them, find an optimal and collision-free path from one place to another, and obtain additional information on the objects of interest by directly pointing to their representation in the virtual world. As a proof of concept of the framework as well as to illustrate its use and main functionalities, we have run tests with a virtual world containing more than one hundred thousand triangles. A walkthrough of this world shows how the framework allocates resources memory and processing time to execute the tasks of rendering, geometric transformations, collision detection, and scenes loading, and how its performance is affected under different navigation scenarios.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114303323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses six critical success factors for mobile Web 2.0 implementation identified throughout fifteen mLearning action research projects cycles carried out and evaluated between 2006 and 2009. The paper briefly outlines the implications of each of the five learning contexts involved in the projects in light of these critical success factors. The resultant developments of strategies for future mLearning projects in 2010 and beyond are also briefly discussed.
{"title":"An mLearning Journey: Mobile Web 2.0 Critical Success Factors","authors":"T. Cochrane","doi":"10.4018/jhcr.2012040103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2012040103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses six critical success factors for mobile Web 2.0 implementation identified throughout fifteen mLearning action research projects cycles carried out and evaluated between 2006 and 2009. The paper briefly outlines the implications of each of the five learning contexts involved in the projects in light of these critical success factors. The resultant developments of strategies for future mLearning projects in 2010 and beyond are also briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128701331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xun Li, Pablo J. Ortiz, Jeffrey Browne, Diana Franklin, J. Oliver, R. Geyer, Yuanyuan Zhou, F. Chong
Society faces a severe environmental challenge posed by the rapid advance of technology scaling. The high cost in manufacturing energy, materials, and disposal is worrisome with the increasing number of smartphones. To mitigate the impact of future devices, the authors propose a design for reuse model in which obsolete devices will be reused for a class of applications that can be satisfied with older, less reliable technology. In particular, the authors find a good match between the reuse of smartphones and educational applications. The experiments indicate that the resource requirements of educational applications can be satisfied by repurposed smartphones. The key challenge is the design of software that can adapt to extreme heterogeneity of devices. To this end, the authors explore smartphone evolutions and characterize different types of heterogeneities among different generations of smartphones. The authors propose insights to aid establishing a sustainable model of designing mobile applications for phone reuse.
{"title":"A Study of Reusing Smartphones to Augment Elementary School Education","authors":"Xun Li, Pablo J. Ortiz, Jeffrey Browne, Diana Franklin, J. Oliver, R. Geyer, Yuanyuan Zhou, F. Chong","doi":"10.4018/jhcr.2012040105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2012040105","url":null,"abstract":"Society faces a severe environmental challenge posed by the rapid advance of technology scaling. The high cost in manufacturing energy, materials, and disposal is worrisome with the increasing number of smartphones. To mitigate the impact of future devices, the authors propose a design for reuse model in which obsolete devices will be reused for a class of applications that can be satisfied with older, less reliable technology. In particular, the authors find a good match between the reuse of smartphones and educational applications. The experiments indicate that the resource requirements of educational applications can be satisfied by repurposed smartphones. The key challenge is the design of software that can adapt to extreme heterogeneity of devices. To this end, the authors explore smartphone evolutions and characterize different types of heterogeneities among different generations of smartphones. The authors propose insights to aid establishing a sustainable model of designing mobile applications for phone reuse.","PeriodicalId":265963,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Handheld Comput. Res.","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123986681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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