Purpose: The principal aim of this study was to establish the microbial epidemiology of vaginal infections and to study the susceptibility of strains isolated to antibiotics. The secondary aim was to orient probabilistic antibiotic therapy. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study, covering a period of 9 years, from 2013 to 2022, conducted in the Bacteriology Department of the Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakech. Results: The number of vaginal swabs taken in our study over a period of 9 years (2013-2022) was 693, of which 131 cases of vaginal infections were diagnosed, i.e. 19%. On fresh examination the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis was observed in 15 samples or 2.1%. Direct examination after Gram staining showed the presence in 33.4% of cases of clue cells suggestive of Gardnerella vaginalis; Gram-positive Coccis were present in 22.1%, yeasts in 17%, and Gram-negative bacilli in 5%. The distribution by species showed the predominance of clues cells evoking Gardnerella vaginalis which represented 35% of the isolates, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae at 28%, Candida albicans at 10%, and Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis by 5%. Conclusion: Our study showed the great microbial diversity of female genital infections with a predominance of bacterial vaginosis due mainly to Gardnerella vaginalis but also an important frequency of bacterial vaginitis represented essentially by Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
{"title":"A study on vaginal infections among reproductive-aged women in the region of Marrakech, Morocco","authors":"Awati-El Mehdi, Miloudi-Mohcine, Kamouni-Youssef, Arsalane-Lamiae, Zouhair-Said","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.3.2.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.3.2.0042","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The principal aim of this study was to establish the microbial epidemiology of vaginal infections and to study the susceptibility of strains isolated to antibiotics. The secondary aim was to orient probabilistic antibiotic therapy. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study, covering a period of 9 years, from 2013 to 2022, conducted in the Bacteriology Department of the Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakech. Results: The number of vaginal swabs taken in our study over a period of 9 years (2013-2022) was 693, of which 131 cases of vaginal infections were diagnosed, i.e. 19%. On fresh examination the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis was observed in 15 samples or 2.1%. Direct examination after Gram staining showed the presence in 33.4% of cases of clue cells suggestive of Gardnerella vaginalis; Gram-positive Coccis were present in 22.1%, yeasts in 17%, and Gram-negative bacilli in 5%. The distribution by species showed the predominance of clues cells evoking Gardnerella vaginalis which represented 35% of the isolates, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae at 28%, Candida albicans at 10%, and Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis by 5%. Conclusion: Our study showed the great microbial diversity of female genital infections with a predominance of bacterial vaginosis due mainly to Gardnerella vaginalis but also an important frequency of bacterial vaginitis represented essentially by Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128458234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.53346/wjbpr.2022.3.2.0041
T. Ogundeko, Nkiru Philomena Okoye, Emmanuel Anebi Ogbole, Dangiwa A. Dauda, Binta Adamu Fwang’an, Esther Mrumun Hayab, Grace Musa Ebuga, S. Gyang
The challenge of comorbid diseases and especially their management. Posing greater challenge are phytomedical approach without proper scientific testing and more also paucity of modern equipment for research and funding. The need to authenticate medicinal herbs used in the management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as one of the common metabolic diseases becomes imperative. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of acute and chronic administration of hot water extract of P. americana on some metabolic parameters in diabetic rats. Thirty young adult healthy male albino rats (wistar strain) weighing between 205-251 g were made diabetic by administration of 80 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The animals were divided into two equal groups of 15 rats each, singly placed in metabolic cages for the acute and chronic treatments studies. The rats were further divided into three groups of 5 animals each and treated with different concentrations of stem-bark hot water extract of Persea americana (HWE-PA) and distilled water while the body weight, food intake, faecal output, water intake and urine output were measured and recorded daily for a period of 5 days for the acute and 28 days for the chronic treatments. Results showed a higher percentage change in body weights, higher food intake and faecal output and lower values in water intake and urine output in both acute and chronic administration of HWE-PA to STZ-induced hyperglycaemic rats compared to the control groups. Both acute and chronic administration of Hot water extract of the stem-bark animals extracts of Persea americana (HWE-PA) presented antidiabetic activity STZ-induced hyperglycaemic rats as evident its ameliorating effect on the body weight, food intake, faecal output, water intake and urine output in STZ-induced hyperglycaemic rats, thus supports its phytomedicine use as an antidiabetic agent.
{"title":"Effect of acute and chronic administration of hot water extract of P. Americana on some metabolic parameters in diabetic rats","authors":"T. Ogundeko, Nkiru Philomena Okoye, Emmanuel Anebi Ogbole, Dangiwa A. Dauda, Binta Adamu Fwang’an, Esther Mrumun Hayab, Grace Musa Ebuga, S. Gyang","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.3.2.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.3.2.0041","url":null,"abstract":"The challenge of comorbid diseases and especially their management. Posing greater challenge are phytomedical approach without proper scientific testing and more also paucity of modern equipment for research and funding. The need to authenticate medicinal herbs used in the management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as one of the common metabolic diseases becomes imperative. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of acute and chronic administration of hot water extract of P. americana on some metabolic parameters in diabetic rats. Thirty young adult healthy male albino rats (wistar strain) weighing between 205-251 g were made diabetic by administration of 80 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The animals were divided into two equal groups of 15 rats each, singly placed in metabolic cages for the acute and chronic treatments studies. The rats were further divided into three groups of 5 animals each and treated with different concentrations of stem-bark hot water extract of Persea americana (HWE-PA) and distilled water while the body weight, food intake, faecal output, water intake and urine output were measured and recorded daily for a period of 5 days for the acute and 28 days for the chronic treatments. Results showed a higher percentage change in body weights, higher food intake and faecal output and lower values in water intake and urine output in both acute and chronic administration of HWE-PA to STZ-induced hyperglycaemic rats compared to the control groups. Both acute and chronic administration of Hot water extract of the stem-bark animals extracts of Persea americana (HWE-PA) presented antidiabetic activity STZ-induced hyperglycaemic rats as evident its ameliorating effect on the body weight, food intake, faecal output, water intake and urine output in STZ-induced hyperglycaemic rats, thus supports its phytomedicine use as an antidiabetic agent.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134474194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.53346/wjbpr.2022.3.1.0038
Abdulkareem AlMomen, Eleonore Blaurock-Busch
Alpha-lipoic acid, a sulphur-containing fatty acid, also known as thioctic acid, occurs as a coenzyme and component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the mitochondria of almost all living things with a cell nucleus. As a natural substance, it is considered a safe, well tolerated chelating agent. Unlike the hydrophilic chelating agents DMSA, DMPS or EDTA, which are prescription items, not easily available in some countries, the lipophilic α-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural substance and as such not regulated as strictly. It has the ability to pass the blood brain barrier (BBB) and can thus penetrate all areas of the nervous system. Consequently, current research investigates whether and to what extent oral administration influences the development of metal-based multiple sclerosis (MS) and M. Alzheimer. With our clinical research we could confirm ALAs metal-binding ability and the extend of urinary excretion for the metals Arsenic, Barium, Manganese, Mercury and Nickel following oral application. We established a treatment protocol, suitable for people of all ages and confirmed the safety of ALA, if given in moderate doses.
{"title":"Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA), fatty acid and promising chelating agent for neurological ailments","authors":"Abdulkareem AlMomen, Eleonore Blaurock-Busch","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.3.1.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.3.1.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Alpha-lipoic acid, a sulphur-containing fatty acid, also known as thioctic acid, occurs as a coenzyme and component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the mitochondria of almost all living things with a cell nucleus. As a natural substance, it is considered a safe, well tolerated chelating agent. Unlike the hydrophilic chelating agents DMSA, DMPS or EDTA, which are prescription items, not easily available in some countries, the lipophilic α-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural substance and as such not regulated as strictly. It has the ability to pass the blood brain barrier (BBB) and can thus penetrate all areas of the nervous system. Consequently, current research investigates whether and to what extent oral administration influences the development of metal-based multiple sclerosis (MS) and M. Alzheimer. With our clinical research we could confirm ALAs metal-binding ability and the extend of urinary excretion for the metals Arsenic, Barium, Manganese, Mercury and Nickel following oral application. We established a treatment protocol, suitable for people of all ages and confirmed the safety of ALA, if given in moderate doses.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132097278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.53346/wjbpr.2022.3.1.0039
Juliette Ornely Orango Bourdette, Hugues Calixte Eyi Ndong, Henri Paul Bourobou Bourobou, Louis Clément Obame Engonga
A mycochemical study followed by an evaluation of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of Pycnoporus sanguineus, a species of lignicole mushroom exploited in traditional medicine in Gabon, was carried out on four extracts. Bioactive compounds were extracted by successive macerations with water, hydro-ethanol (50-50), ethanol solvents and sonication was used for dichloromethane-methanol (50-50) extraction. Agilent LC-MS system was used for the molecular profile of the different extracts and fractions. The fractionation of the extracts was made by flash chromatography and the purification using preparative chromatography. Structures of compounds responsible for the pharmacological activities were determinated by NMR. Cytotoxicity essay was carried out on PNT2 cells and the anticancer activities on A549 and PC3 cell lines. Two molecules have been isolated from this fungus; namely m/z 301.04 [M-H] + corresponding to cinnabarinic acid and m/z 287.06 [M-H]+ for which the NMR data were insufficient to confirm the molecular identification. Anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract was stronger (IC50 = 197.82 μg/ml) than niflumic acid (IC50 = 809.27 μg/ml) but weaker than diclofenac (IC50 = 15.28 μg/ml). However, the hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic extracts of P. sanguineus, have a weaker anti-inflammatory activity than niflumic acid and diclofenac. About cytotoxicity, the crude extracts and fractions tested have anticancer and cytotoxic activities on A549, PC3 and PNT2 lines. However, these activities are more pronounced in the healthy line PNT2 than in the cancerous lines A549 and PC3.
{"title":"Mycochemical analysis, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.) Murrill, a medicinal mushroom from Gabon","authors":"Juliette Ornely Orango Bourdette, Hugues Calixte Eyi Ndong, Henri Paul Bourobou Bourobou, Louis Clément Obame Engonga","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.3.1.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.3.1.0039","url":null,"abstract":"A mycochemical study followed by an evaluation of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of Pycnoporus sanguineus, a species of lignicole mushroom exploited in traditional medicine in Gabon, was carried out on four extracts. Bioactive compounds were extracted by successive macerations with water, hydro-ethanol (50-50), ethanol solvents and sonication was used for dichloromethane-methanol (50-50) extraction. Agilent LC-MS system was used for the molecular profile of the different extracts and fractions. The fractionation of the extracts was made by flash chromatography and the purification using preparative chromatography. Structures of compounds responsible for the pharmacological activities were determinated by NMR. Cytotoxicity essay was carried out on PNT2 cells and the anticancer activities on A549 and PC3 cell lines. Two molecules have been isolated from this fungus; namely m/z 301.04 [M-H] + corresponding to cinnabarinic acid and m/z 287.06 [M-H]+ for which the NMR data were insufficient to confirm the molecular identification. Anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract was stronger (IC50 = 197.82 μg/ml) than niflumic acid (IC50 = 809.27 μg/ml) but weaker than diclofenac (IC50 = 15.28 μg/ml). However, the hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic extracts of P. sanguineus, have a weaker anti-inflammatory activity than niflumic acid and diclofenac. About cytotoxicity, the crude extracts and fractions tested have anticancer and cytotoxic activities on A549, PC3 and PNT2 lines. However, these activities are more pronounced in the healthy line PNT2 than in the cancerous lines A549 and PC3.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124622558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oral mucoadhesive mouth paint preparation was designed and prepared for the treatment of oral candidiasis, where prolonged drug release at the infected area is essential. Fluconazole, a recent triazole derivative having antifungal activity is chosen as the desired drug in this study to formulate mucoadhesive mouth paint. Oral candidiasis is a common infection in debilated patients, AIDS patients and in persons who administer immunosuppressive drugs. Mouth paints containing 1% fluconazole with hydrophilic polymer HPMC was prepared and compared with mouth paint prepared without the addition of hydrophilic polymer. The prepared mouth paint formulation was subjected to various evaluation parameters like pH determination, drug content, rheological behavior, mucoadhesive studies, spreadability and IR spectral analysis. In vitro drug release studies were carried out at salivary pH 6.4 using cellophane membrane as barrier. Stability studies were carried out at different temperature conditions like ambient temp (R. T.), 8 ± 1oC, 45 ± 2oC at 75% ± 5% R. H. (accelerated temperature) 3 months and analyzed at different time intervals for drug content, physical appearance, pH, mucoadhesive strength and spreadability and the prepared formulation was found to be stable. Antimicrobial studies were carried out to ascertain the antifungal activity of prepared mucoadhesive formulation against the pure drug. The test organism Candida albicans was a clinical isolate obtained from a diseased patient suffering from oral Candidiasis. In vitro antifungal activity was evaluated using standard Agar cup-plate method by zone inhibitions studies. Formulations, containing HPMC showed good zone inhibition. In vivo oral mucosal skin irritancy tests were carried out using mucoadhesive formulation on lab experimental animals (Rabbits and Guinea-pigs) and on healthy human volunteers. No edema, erythema, inflammation or redness in the mucosal cavity of both animals and human volunteers were observed.
{"title":"Formulation of mucoadhesive mouth paint for oral infections","authors":"Vijay Hiremath, Ajay kartik K, Danam Reshma Priyanka, Pratima Soni, Purushotham Rao K","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Oral mucoadhesive mouth paint preparation was designed and prepared for the treatment of oral candidiasis, where prolonged drug release at the infected area is essential. Fluconazole, a recent triazole derivative having antifungal activity is chosen as the desired drug in this study to formulate mucoadhesive mouth paint. Oral candidiasis is a common infection in debilated patients, AIDS patients and in persons who administer immunosuppressive drugs. Mouth paints containing 1% fluconazole with hydrophilic polymer HPMC was prepared and compared with mouth paint prepared without the addition of hydrophilic polymer. The prepared mouth paint formulation was subjected to various evaluation parameters like pH determination, drug content, rheological behavior, mucoadhesive studies, spreadability and IR spectral analysis. In vitro drug release studies were carried out at salivary pH 6.4 using cellophane membrane as barrier. Stability studies were carried out at different temperature conditions like ambient temp (R. T.), 8 ± 1oC, 45 ± 2oC at 75% ± 5% R. H. (accelerated temperature) 3 months and analyzed at different time intervals for drug content, physical appearance, pH, mucoadhesive strength and spreadability and the prepared formulation was found to be stable. Antimicrobial studies were carried out to ascertain the antifungal activity of prepared mucoadhesive formulation against the pure drug. The test organism Candida albicans was a clinical isolate obtained from a diseased patient suffering from oral Candidiasis. In vitro antifungal activity was evaluated using standard Agar cup-plate method by zone inhibitions studies. Formulations, containing HPMC showed good zone inhibition. In vivo oral mucosal skin irritancy tests were carried out using mucoadhesive formulation on lab experimental animals (Rabbits and Guinea-pigs) and on healthy human volunteers. No edema, erythema, inflammation or redness in the mucosal cavity of both animals and human volunteers were observed.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114318159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0034
Abraham SiseinEboh, Faith Owabhel Robert
Bioactive compounds in medicinal plants are very important because they are the active ingredients in the plant. Therefore this work is aimed at determining the bioactive compounds in methanol and n-hexane extracts of Ocimum gratissimum using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaves of Ocimum gratissimum were dried and grounded and extracted with methanol and n-hexane separately. The extract was concentrated to a dark paste, which was later subjected to GC-MS analysis. Results revealed the presence of many compounds for example octacosane with peak number 47 retention time RT 22.521 and % area of 7.82, other extracts of Medicinal importance are 2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene RT 24.584 area % 5.51 and peak number 55, erythro-9,10-dibropentacosane with a peak number 52 RT 24.142 and % area 3.30, heneicosane has a peak number 43, RT 22.024 and % area 5.45, 2-methyloctacosane has a peak number 36 RT 20.069 and area % of 5.57.
{"title":"GC-MS bioactive compounds in Ocimum gratissimum methanol and hexane extracts a comparative study","authors":"Abraham SiseinEboh, Faith Owabhel Robert","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Bioactive compounds in medicinal plants are very important because they are the active ingredients in the plant. Therefore this work is aimed at determining the bioactive compounds in methanol and n-hexane extracts of Ocimum gratissimum using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaves of Ocimum gratissimum were dried and grounded and extracted with methanol and n-hexane separately. The extract was concentrated to a dark paste, which was later subjected to GC-MS analysis. Results revealed the presence of many compounds for example octacosane with peak number 47 retention time RT 22.521 and % area of 7.82, other extracts of Medicinal importance are 2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene RT 24.584 area % 5.51 and peak number 55, erythro-9,10-dibropentacosane with a peak number 52 RT 24.142 and % area 3.30, heneicosane has a peak number 43, RT 22.024 and % area 5.45, 2-methyloctacosane has a peak number 36 RT 20.069 and area % of 5.57.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133363331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0035
Mustafa Mohammed Abdulhussain
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are the most prevalent types of oral cancers. There are a variety of clinicopathological characteristics of these types. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an essential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic marker of OSCCs. The purpose of the research is to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of EGFR in OSCCs and to correlate its expression with clinical measures. Materials and Methods: The present research included 44 histopathologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions. EGFR expression was determined by using immunohistochemical technique. The spss program version (20.0) was used to correlate the expressions EGFR with the clinical and histopathological parameters. Results: 25 (57%) were men, while 19 (43%) were women. Most lesions 14(31%) cases were on the buccal mucosa. The palate had the lowest incidence rate 3(6.8%) cases. The highest frequency of OSCC was in well-differentiated samples with 23 (52.3) cases. 15 (34.1%) instances had a poor EGFR score (+1), 17 (38.6%) cases had a moderate score (+2), and 8 (18.2%) had a high score (+3). Except for tumor grade (P = 0.001), none of the studied factors were correlated with EGFR expression. Conclusion: EGFR has prognostic value and is a good target for therapeutic applications in these tumors. More research needs to be done to see if EGFR levels can be used as a marker of prognosis and a predictor of tumor recurrence in other ways.
{"title":"The expression of EGFR and clinicopathological parameters in oral squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Mustafa Mohammed Abdulhussain","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are the most prevalent types of oral cancers. There are a variety of clinicopathological characteristics of these types. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an essential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic marker of OSCCs. The purpose of the research is to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of EGFR in OSCCs and to correlate its expression with clinical measures. Materials and Methods: The present research included 44 histopathologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions. EGFR expression was determined by using immunohistochemical technique. The spss program version (20.0) was used to correlate the expressions EGFR with the clinical and histopathological parameters. Results: 25 (57%) were men, while 19 (43%) were women. Most lesions 14(31%) cases were on the buccal mucosa. The palate had the lowest incidence rate 3(6.8%) cases. The highest frequency of OSCC was in well-differentiated samples with 23 (52.3) cases. 15 (34.1%) instances had a poor EGFR score (+1), 17 (38.6%) cases had a moderate score (+2), and 8 (18.2%) had a high score (+3). Except for tumor grade (P = 0.001), none of the studied factors were correlated with EGFR expression. Conclusion: EGFR has prognostic value and is a good target for therapeutic applications in these tumors. More research needs to be done to see if EGFR levels can be used as a marker of prognosis and a predictor of tumor recurrence in other ways.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132183915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0037
Arhoghro Ejovwoke Marcellinus, Enebrayi Nelson Onitsha, Jackson Borobuebi Okutu
Cyclophosphamide is a widely used drug for the treatment of many human malignant tumors. This study evaluated the protective potentials of fresh honey and Garcinia kola extract against reproductive toxicity caused by Cyclophosphamide in male Wistar rat. Group A served as the negative control and were administered feed and normal saline (2 ml/kg bw) daily for six weeks by oral gavage. Group B served as positive control and received feed and Cyclophosphamide (100mg/kg bw) via injection after 24hrs was given normal saline for six weeks. Groups C, D and E received Cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg bw) via injection after 24hrs was respectively administered fresh honey (2ml/kg bw), a mixture of Garcinia kola and unprocessed Honey (2 ml/kg bw) plus Garcinia kola extract (100mg/kg bw) for the next six weeks. Animals in groups C, D and E revealed increased in body weight gain and this was statistically significant at p<0.05. The final body weight of the cyclophosphamide treated rats was significantly reduced from 183.2±8.02 to 195.10±8.08. A significant (P<0.05) reduction in the weight of the testis of the rats administered with cyclophosphamide compared with the positive control was observed (0.93±0.050 vs 1.22±0.15). However, post treatment with fresh honey, Garcinia kola and a combination of honey and Garcinia kola significantly improved the weights of testes compared with positive control (Group C: 1.13±0.05 vs 0.93±0.05; Group D: 1.20 ±0.020 Vs 93±0.05; Group E: 1.18±0.040 vs 93±0.05). The serum concentration of Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone and testosterone was significant (P<0.05) reduced in group B rats compared with Group A rats. Separate treatments with Garcinia kola extracts and unprocessed honey cause an elevation in serum LH, FSH and testosterone levels compared with the positive control rats. The mixture of Garcinia kola extracts and fresh honey improved serum levels LH, FSH and testosterone significantly (p<0.05) (Group E) compared with group B. The results obtained indicated that fresh honey and Garcinia kola either used separately or in combination can ameliorate Cyclophosphamide (CPA) induced reproductive toxicity in rats.
环磷酰胺是一种广泛用于治疗许多人类恶性肿瘤的药物。研究了鲜蜂蜜和藤黄提取物对环磷酰胺致雄性Wistar大鼠生殖毒性的保护作用。A组为阴性对照，每日给予饲料和生理盐水(2 ml/kg bw)灌胃，连续6周。B组为阳性对照，给予饲料，24小时后注射环磷酰胺(100mg/kg bw)，生理盐水灌胃6周。C组、D组和E组在24h后注射环磷酰胺(100mg/kg bw)，分别给予新鲜蜂蜜(2ml/kg bw)、可乐果与未加工蜂蜜的混合物(2ml/kg bw)加可乐果提取物(100mg/kg bw)，持续6周。C、D、E组动物增重增加，差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。环磷酰胺处理大鼠终末体重由183.2±8.02显著降低至195.10±8.08。与阳性对照组相比，环磷酰胺组大鼠睾丸重量显著降低(0.93±0.050 vs 1.22±0.15)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。然而，与阳性对照组相比，鲜蜂蜜、栀子花及蜂蜜与栀子花组合处理后睾丸重量显著提高(C组:1.13±0.05 vs 0.93±0.05;D组:1.20±0.020 Vs 93±0.05;E组:1.18±0.040 vs 93±0.05)。与A组相比，B组大鼠血清促黄体生成素、促卵泡激素和睾酮浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。与阳性对照大鼠相比，单独使用藤黄果提取物和未加工的蜂蜜治疗会导致血清LH, FSH和睾丸激素水平升高。与b组相比，鲜蜂蜜和枸杞提取物可显著提高血清LH、FSH和睾酮水平(p<0.05) (E组)。结果表明，鲜蜂蜜和枸杞提取物单独或联合使用均可改善环磷酰胺(CPA)诱导的大鼠生殖毒性。
{"title":"Protective effect of mixture of honey and Garcinia kola extract against cyclophosphamide–induced reproductive toxicity in male albino rats","authors":"Arhoghro Ejovwoke Marcellinus, Enebrayi Nelson Onitsha, Jackson Borobuebi Okutu","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0037","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclophosphamide is a widely used drug for the treatment of many human malignant tumors. This study evaluated the protective potentials of fresh honey and Garcinia kola extract against reproductive toxicity caused by Cyclophosphamide in male Wistar rat. Group A served as the negative control and were administered feed and normal saline (2 ml/kg bw) daily for six weeks by oral gavage. Group B served as positive control and received feed and Cyclophosphamide (100mg/kg bw) via injection after 24hrs was given normal saline for six weeks. Groups C, D and E received Cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg bw) via injection after 24hrs was respectively administered fresh honey (2ml/kg bw), a mixture of Garcinia kola and unprocessed Honey (2 ml/kg bw) plus Garcinia kola extract (100mg/kg bw) for the next six weeks. Animals in groups C, D and E revealed increased in body weight gain and this was statistically significant at p<0.05. The final body weight of the cyclophosphamide treated rats was significantly reduced from 183.2±8.02 to 195.10±8.08. A significant (P<0.05) reduction in the weight of the testis of the rats administered with cyclophosphamide compared with the positive control was observed (0.93±0.050 vs 1.22±0.15). However, post treatment with fresh honey, Garcinia kola and a combination of honey and Garcinia kola significantly improved the weights of testes compared with positive control (Group C: 1.13±0.05 vs 0.93±0.05; Group D: 1.20 ±0.020 Vs 93±0.05; Group E: 1.18±0.040 vs 93±0.05). The serum concentration of Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone and testosterone was significant (P<0.05) reduced in group B rats compared with Group A rats. Separate treatments with Garcinia kola extracts and unprocessed honey cause an elevation in serum LH, FSH and testosterone levels compared with the positive control rats. The mixture of Garcinia kola extracts and fresh honey improved serum levels LH, FSH and testosterone significantly (p<0.05) (Group E) compared with group B. The results obtained indicated that fresh honey and Garcinia kola either used separately or in combination can ameliorate Cyclophosphamide (CPA) induced reproductive toxicity in rats.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124477564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Chronic renal failed is an irreversible decline in renal function as measured by glomerular filtration rate. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of chronic renal failed. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 carried out at the UPFR (Paraclinical Unit of Training and Research) of Biochemistry and the USFR (Care Unit of Training and Research) of Nephrological intensive care of CHU-JRA (University hospital center Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona). All biochemical analysis request forms prescribed by the nephrological intensive care department were included, with clinical information of chronic renal failure and confirmed GFR<60 ml/mn/1.73 m2 on the patient's file. Results: Fifty files were selected. The average age was 50.80 years, with a sex ratio of 1.5. The most affected population generally had a low standard of living. Hypertensive patients were the most common, accounting for 82% of cases, with diabetes in third place with 32% of cases. The mean creatinine level was 1067 µmol/l. The average glomerular filtration rate was 7.25. The uraemia was 44.20 mmol/l. Among the ionic disorders, hyperkalaemia was the most common, accounting for 68% of cases. Of the 78% (n=39) of patients who had a blood count, 92.31% (n=36) had normochromic normocytic anaemia. Conclusion: Chronic renal failed remains a public health problem especially in low income countries. It is always associated with other disturbances of biological parameters that should be monitored and corrected.
{"title":"Epidemiological and biological profiles of chronic renal failed at the University Hospital of Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona in Madagascar","authors":"Miora Koloina Ranaivosoa, Andriamiarimbola Irène Rakotoniaina, Feno Raharilivasoa, Lova Narindra Randriamanantsoa, Andry Rasamindrakotroka","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic renal failed is an irreversible decline in renal function as measured by glomerular filtration rate. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of chronic renal failed. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 carried out at the UPFR (Paraclinical Unit of Training and Research) of Biochemistry and the USFR (Care Unit of Training and Research) of Nephrological intensive care of CHU-JRA (University hospital center Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona). All biochemical analysis request forms prescribed by the nephrological intensive care department were included, with clinical information of chronic renal failure and confirmed GFR<60 ml/mn/1.73 m2 on the patient's file. Results: Fifty files were selected. The average age was 50.80 years, with a sex ratio of 1.5. The most affected population generally had a low standard of living. Hypertensive patients were the most common, accounting for 82% of cases, with diabetes in third place with 32% of cases. The mean creatinine level was 1067 µmol/l. The average glomerular filtration rate was 7.25. The uraemia was 44.20 mmol/l. Among the ionic disorders, hyperkalaemia was the most common, accounting for 68% of cases. Of the 78% (n=39) of patients who had a blood count, 92.31% (n=36) had normochromic normocytic anaemia. Conclusion: Chronic renal failed remains a public health problem especially in low income countries. It is always associated with other disturbances of biological parameters that should be monitored and corrected.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131501927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0036
Noelinirina Raharisoa, Mihajasoa Stella Razanatseheno, Rahanira Ralambondrahety, Zara Nomentsoa Razafiarimanga, Lovarintsoa Judicael Randriamampianina, Hanitra Ranjana Randrianarivo, Danielle Aurore Doll Rakoto, Victor Louis Jeannoda
The present work aims to study the chemical composition and the antimicrobial and toxicological properties of the essential oils (EOs) of Apodocephala pauciflora leaves (LEO) and stem bark (BEO). LEO and BEO were extracted from fresh material by hydrodistillation with a yield of 0.1%. They are light, light yellow, strong smelling and dextrorotatory. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis identified 42 components in LEO and 38 in BEO representing 97.54% and 99.44% of the overall composition respectively. In LEO, the major components were α-pinene (27.5%), sabinene (13.62%) and β-pinene (12.0%) and in BEO, α-pinene (34.32%), myrcene (15.1%), sabinene (14.53%). Main components such β-pinene, phellandrene and limonene were common to LEO and BEO but at different rates. However, some components were not common to both EOs: for example, cubenol (5.07%) in LEO was absent in BEO and vice versa humulene (3.91%) in BEO was absent in LEO. Both EOs were effective against all microorganisms tested, including Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria and a fungus, with a strain-dependent intensity. BEO was more efficient than LEO. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio fischeri and Candida albicans were the most susceptible. LEO was bacteriostatic against Clostridium perfringens and Candida albicans but bactericidal against the other germs tested, whereas BEO was bactericidal against all germs. With LD50 of 2.48 and 2.34 g/kg body weight, LEO and BEO were slightly toxic to mice by oral route. LEO and BEO could be used as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics against several pathogenic microorganisms.
{"title":"Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of leaf and bark essential oils of Apodocephala pauciflora Baker (Asteraceae)","authors":"Noelinirina Raharisoa, Mihajasoa Stella Razanatseheno, Rahanira Ralambondrahety, Zara Nomentsoa Razafiarimanga, Lovarintsoa Judicael Randriamampianina, Hanitra Ranjana Randrianarivo, Danielle Aurore Doll Rakoto, Victor Louis Jeannoda","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0036","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aims to study the chemical composition and the antimicrobial and toxicological properties of the essential oils (EOs) of Apodocephala pauciflora leaves (LEO) and stem bark (BEO). LEO and BEO were extracted from fresh material by hydrodistillation with a yield of 0.1%. They are light, light yellow, strong smelling and dextrorotatory. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis identified 42 components in LEO and 38 in BEO representing 97.54% and 99.44% of the overall composition respectively. In LEO, the major components were α-pinene (27.5%), sabinene (13.62%) and β-pinene (12.0%) and in BEO, α-pinene (34.32%), myrcene (15.1%), sabinene (14.53%). Main components such β-pinene, phellandrene and limonene were common to LEO and BEO but at different rates. However, some components were not common to both EOs: for example, cubenol (5.07%) in LEO was absent in BEO and vice versa humulene (3.91%) in BEO was absent in LEO. Both EOs were effective against all microorganisms tested, including Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria and a fungus, with a strain-dependent intensity. BEO was more efficient than LEO. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio fischeri and Candida albicans were the most susceptible. LEO was bacteriostatic against Clostridium perfringens and Candida albicans but bactericidal against the other germs tested, whereas BEO was bactericidal against all germs. With LD50 of 2.48 and 2.34 g/kg body weight, LEO and BEO were slightly toxic to mice by oral route. LEO and BEO could be used as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics against several pathogenic microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129664481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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