World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research最新文献

{"title":"Microbiological evaluation of the environmental quality of a pharmaceutical plant in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria","authors":"Ojo-Omoniyi OA, Akinnola OO, Adeduro MR, Mmadu CP","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0031","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of predominant microorganisms distributed in the air of the critical rooms in the production plant of a pharmaceutical company in Agege Local Government area, Lagos-Nigeria was investigated using settle- plate method. A total of seven critical rooms in the production facility that is, Dispensary, Granulation, Blending, Blistering, Tableting, Syrup, and Syrup filling rooms were sampled respectively under aseptic conditions. These samples were processed in duplicates on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) and incubated at 25ºC and 37 ºC respectively. Thereafter, microorganisms were isolated and identified using standard and conventional methods. The data obtained were analyzed to find the microbial distributions in the environment of the pharmaceutical facility. Eight bacterial species were isolated from different locations in the pharmaceutical facility, they were of the following genera; Staphylococcus (12.5%), Micrococcus (50%) and Bacillus (37.5%). Most of the microorganisms found in this study belong to the genus Micrococcus (four species) and three Bacillus species and one Staphylococcus species. Despite the compliance of this company with international standards, the above mentioned microbial species were still found within the facility. Hence, compliance with the international specified standard alone, that is, Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) does not guarantee sterile pharmaceutical product from the industry. Therefore, other microbial quality assurance procedures must be strictly adhered to in order to have products that comply with international specifications. The microbial isolates from the pharmaceutical facility include: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus badius, Staphyloccocus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Microccocus sp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter sp. Talaromyces sp. Aspergillus tamari.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130994238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful treatment of type ii diabetes mellitus with infected diabetic foot ulcer caused by ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumonia with cefepime plus sulbactam (Supime): A case report","authors":"Vijay Shankar Upadhyay, Ayush Upadhayay","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic patients are at significant risk of developing neuropathy, leading to a diabetic foot injury. Complications of diabetic foot injury may lead to gangrene and non-traumatic lower extremity amputations. Diabetic patients with diabetic foot ulcers are more prone to bacterial infections and are associated with high chances of amputation. The diabetic patient flora provides an ideal environment for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial growth, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in diabetic patients have a higher probability of amputation. Here we discuss a case of a 70-year male diabetic patient successfully treated with Supime (cefepime plus sulbactam) who had undergone an amputation of the right great toe and infected left foot ulcer due to ESBL producing K. Pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127249357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patents & publications: In Indian perspective","authors":"Sonal Ode, Tapan Kumar Mahato, Sunil Kumar Ojha, Vishwakarma Singh","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Intellectual property rights are the exclusive rights granted to individuals over the creations of their minds by the country to use his or her creations for a limited period of time. The types of intellectual property rights are Patents, Copyright, Trademark, Industrial designs and Geographical indications. A patent is a grant of right by the government for an invention to the inventor in exchange of full disclosure of the invention. A patent is a legal right that allows applicants and assignees to use and exploit their inventions for a period of 20 years from the date of filing of application. For the duration of the set period, the patent holder has the legal right to prevent others from commercially exploiting/using his/her invention and if anybody found doing so he can take legal actions against that person/company/organization. Patent provides many benefits to the inventor/researcher but why Indian researchers prefer publications instead of patenting their work. In this review article we were tried to find out the reasons behind it. Lot of reasons came to front after the study like totally online procedure of application, long waiting time, application and other fee, answering within time frame, command in English language, drafting expertise etc. And on the other hand publications need less labor, expense and time. Although many problems are there in patenting but if the work is authentic, genuine and novel, the inventor should go for patenting, so that he/she can use it commercially. Commercial use will not only benefit the researcher but it increases the Gross domestic production of the country. It is also duty of the every researcher to help in country’s development.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130486893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the prevention of fat accumulation efficacy of sweet potato fermented products in vivo","authors":"Yu-Hsing Lin, Yun-Xuan Chang, Tzu-Yun Chi, Hsiao-Yun Chen, Ying-Ching Hung, Chia-Yu Lin, Guan-Hong Chen, Ya-Peng Wang, Ping-Min Huang, Tsung-Han Wu, Yen-Jung Lu, Chien-Chao Chiu, Ching-Feng Chiu, Hsuan-Wen Chiu, Wei-Huang Tsai, Chia-Chi Chen, Shao-Wen Hung","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Over-nutrition rather than under-nutrition is an important public health challenge in some developed countries. However, the under-nutrition is a major problem according to the global perspective. Therefore, the research and development (R&D) of agricultural functional materials or products for the prevention of fat accumulation is urgently needed. In this experiment, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats in the normal control group were fed with the normal composition for 8 weeks during the experiment. SD rats in the negative control group and three sweet potato fermented products (SPFP) groups were fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks during the experiment. According to the experimental design, three doses SPFP [250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg body weight (BW)] will be administered after 4 weeks of feeding the high fat diet. During the experiment, BW of the SD rats was recorded every week and blood, liver, and body fat were collected for analysis of body fat rate, blood lipid content, blood glucose content, liver lipid content, and liver and renal functions. Based on the results, the consumption of SPFP does not affect liver and kidney functions, indicating that SPFP is a safe and edible agricultural material. BW change of the normal control group was significantly lower than that of the negative control group and three SPFP groups (p < 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in the BW change rate among the groups eat the high fat feed (p > 0.05), but the trend of BW change rate in the low and middle doses of SPFP groups was lower than that in the other high fat feed groups. The food utilization rate of the high fat diet group was significantly higher than that of the normal diet group (p < 0.05). The body fat rate of the normal control group was significantly lower than that of the high fat feed groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the high fat feed groups (p > 0.05). However, the trend showed that the body fat rate of the low and middle doses of SPFP groups were lower than that of the negative control group and the high dose of SPFP group. In addition, the results of other measurement indicators such as blood lipid content, blood glucose content, and liver lipid content did not show any negative effects of SPFP. Based on the above results, although SPFP on the prevention of body fat accumulation was not significantly exhibited, however, the trend shows that the low and middle doses of SPFP can decrease body fat production. Taken these results together, SPFP may has the potential for the prevention of fat accumulation.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125668132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Black Fungus' defacing Covid patients: The current menace","authors":"Saurabh Prakash, Veena Naik","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Mucormycosis is a rare but an opportunistic fungal infection. It has recently gained awareness due to its association with covid-19. The main cause is filamentous fungus Rhizopus, which can be inhaled through the nasal passage, oral cavity or even through a cut in the skin, leading to black masses and destruction of bone in hard palate, nasal cavity and skull. Patients suffering from covid-19 are on steroids, which interferes with the patient’s immunity and blood sugar levels leading to spread of black fungus. Hence precise knowledge about black fungus, its mode of transmission and precautions to prevent the infection is considered utmost priority in recent times.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122069467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An insight to the treatment of diabetes within the era of SARS-COV2 in the existence of cardiovascular co-morbidity","authors":"Hussein Ali Hussein Al-Sa'idy, BasimTurki Alyousif, Ali Esmail Al-Snafi","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.2.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Viral infections deteriorates the infected diabetic individuals’ glycemic state, hence developing hyperglycemia as frequently reported for SARS-COV2 viral infection. However, higher prevalence, poorer prognosis as well as higher mortality rates associated with SARS-COV2 infection among diabetic individuals. Consequently, it is strictly recommended good glycemic control for ensuring reducing disease severity as well as better survival rate. Uptodate, insulin seems to be the hypoglycemic agent of choice for treating hyperglycemia condition encountered during acute/severe microbial infection that requires hospitalization. Nevertheless, paradoxical spectulations are issued regarding the feasibility of considering oral hypoglycemic agents such as metformin,(GLP-1) Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose-Transporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors, pioglitazone administration to SARS-COV2 infected diabetic patients’ therapy. Although, several reports about various side effects associated with these drugs including dehydration, hypovolemia, gastrointestinal and perecipitating lactic acidosis side effects. Thus, this report surveys the paradoxical spectulations and recommendation are reported for these classes of hypoglycemic drugs beside some other drugs related to other comorbidities such as those acting on renine- angiotensine system and hydroxychloroquine.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129068985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative abundance and diversity of staphylococci in some surface and underground water points in Yaoundé (Cameroon, Central Africa)","authors":"Olive Vivien Noah Ewoti, Pélagie -Ladibé, Luciane Marlyse Moungang, Antoine Tamsa Arfao, Samuel -Davy/ Baleng, Raoul Polycarpe Tuekam Kayo, Ulrich Kolkossok Badouana, Yves Yogne Poutoum, Sandrine Kapoho Kamdem, Moïse Nola","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.1.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.1.0022","url":null,"abstract":"A study aimed at evaluating the abundance and the diversity of staphylococci in surface and underground water points was carried out in the city of Yaoundé during the period from February to August 2020. The bacteria sought were heterotrophic bacteria aerobic mesophiles (BHAM) and staphylococci. They were isolated by the technique of surface spreading on a Petri dish on PCA (Plate Count Agar) and the membrane filter technique on Chapman mannitol medium (Mannitol Salt Agar), for BHAMs and staphylococci respectively. The bacteria isolated were identified by standard methods. Some abiotics parameters were measured according to usual analytical techniques. These analyses show that the abiotic variables have varied throughout from one sampling period to another and from one point to another. Thus, it was noted that the waters are acidic and not very mineralized. The high nitrogen and orthophosphate values recorded at all the sampling points testify to the richness of organic matter in the water analysed. Bacteriological analyses revealed that these waters harbor a high density bacterial microflora consisting of BHAM and bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus. In fact, concerning the BHAMs, their mean densities in CFU per 100 ml were 4, 42 and 4, 13 respectively in the Olézoa stream and the various wells. In addition, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the different species of genus Staphylococcus found with an average density of 4, 26 log CFU/100 ml and 2, 79 log CFU/100 ml for Staphylococcus aureus and 1, 11 log CFU/100 ml and 2, 79 log CFU/100 ml for Staphylococcus epidermidis respectively in the Olézoa stream and the different wells studied in the Olézoa watershed. The densities of staphylococci in the wells were less abundant but more diversified than those in watercourse. Significant correlations were observed between these germs and parameters such as electrical conductivity, color, suspended matter, dissolved O2, dissolved CO2, PO43- and NH4+. The degradation of the quality of these waters is favoured by their proximity to the sources of pollution with sampling stations, the exogenous inputs and the poor maintenance of the wells. These waters without any treatment, are not recommended for human consumption according to the World Health Organization standards.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130500239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of 5´-nucleotidases in function of immune system cells","authors":"AA Pepanyan, PA Ghazaryan, SH Danelyan","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.1.0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.1.0133","url":null,"abstract":"Disorder of purine metabolism, in particular the activity of 5'-nucleotidase, which is one of the key enzymes of the purine cycle, leads to functional inferiority of cells of the immune system. 5'-nucleotidase is considered a marker of the functional maturity of lymphocytes. In our opinion, research of activity of the enzyme at various immunodeficiency conditions can serve not only as additional prognostic criteria but also be essential help both at tactics choice and at an estimation of efficiency of therapy with purine analogs.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131644533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tannins: Natural plant-derived polyhydroxy phenolic compounds with potential for biotechnological and biomedical applications","authors":"Frank Mayer","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.1.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2022.2.1.0127","url":null,"abstract":"The difference between Tannin and Tannic Acid is that the term Tannin is used to name the group of organic compounds whereas Tannic acid is a type of tannin. Members of the group of Tannins - all of them polyhydroxyphenolic compounds – are present in leaves and other nutrient-rich parts of a huge number of Angiosperm plants. In nature, Tannins play a significant role in the protection of the plants against herbivores. Tannins inactivate enzymes in the digestive tract of the herbivores, with respective consequences: the herbivores may die of starvation. A well-known example for a technological application of Tannins is the process of leather production. Complex formation with collagen the denaturation of proteins - here in the animal skin - by the polyhydroxyphenol components of Tannin is their major function. Various biomedical applications are known, such as application of Tannins due to their adstringent property, production of tannate salts, antihistamines and antitussive drugs. Recently, it was discovered that Tannic acid suppresses the virus SARS-CIY-2 as a dual inhibitor of the main viral protease and the cellular TMPRSS 2 protein, with the consequence that the virus cannot infect human cells.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130223846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of immunological, hematological and biochemical markers on discordant partners of Hepatitis B infection in Enugu State, Eastern Nigeria","authors":"Ezea Moses Chukwuemeka, Chukwuma Okechukwu George, Okere Philip, Onah Christian Ejike, Adonu Cyril, Esimone Charles Okechukwu","doi":"10.53346/wjbpr.2021.1.2.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2021.1.2.0131","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, hepatitis B infection is a serious health problem as its morbities are difficult to handle with the commonly used antivirals. This study therefore aims to evaluate the serological, biochemical and hematological markers of Hepatitis B virus infection in a discordant partner in an attempt to aid proper diagnosis, management and control of the infection. This is a cross-sectional study consisting of 150 subjects recruited using a simple random sampling technique. HBsAg was screened using a rapid ELISA diagnostic strip and rescreened later for confirmation using Ichroma Fluorescence Immunoassay (FIA). HBV Serological markers were determined using HBV 5 panel test, hematological parameters were assessed using Mindray BC 10 automated counter, while liver enzymes were estimated using COBAS 111 analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph Pad Prism. This study demonstrated a varying percentage detection rates of HBV serological markers in both groups: Discordant and Concordant partners (HBsAg- 62%, HBsAb- 4.2%, HBeAg- 2.5%, HBeAb- 50%, HBcAb-60.8%), and Control partners(HBsAg-0%, HBsAb-23.3%, HBeAg-0%, HBeAb- 0%,and HBcAb- 6.7%). The liver enzymes showed significant mean values (P<0.001) for both ALT and AST positive partners when compared to their negative counterparts. Hematological parameters, only hemoglobulin showed a significant mean (P<0.001) on male subjects as against females, while white blood cell and platelets were not statistically significant. There is a need for hepatitis B panel test inclusion in the routine investigation for Hepatitis B viral infection which will contribute immensely in proper clinical management and control of the infection in conjunction with vaccination, while periodic assessment of liver enzymes will ensure proper management of chronic hepatitis B infections.","PeriodicalId":267430,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123272037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}