Pub Date : 1923-11-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591535
Babcock
Cary T. Hutchinson: There are several deductions from the test data with which I am not in entire agreement. These concern the method of analyzing the data rather than the routine of the tests, of which I have no knowledge other than given in the paper. Using the data presented by the author, I am led to certain results which do not agree with his; possibly some of these can be charged to the small scale of the diagrams presented in the paper and others possibly to my failure to understand the method of presentation. It seems worth while to call attention to them, if only to bring out an explanation.
{"title":"Discussion at Spring convention: Some fuel determinations made on locomotives operated by the Southern Pacific systems","authors":"Babcock","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591535","url":null,"abstract":"Cary T. Hutchinson: There are several deductions from the test data with which I am not in entire agreement. These concern the method of analyzing the data rather than the routine of the tests, of which I have no knowledge other than given in the paper. Using the data presented by the author, I am led to certain results which do not agree with his; possibly some of these can be charged to the small scale of the diagrams presented in the paper and others possibly to my failure to understand the method of presentation. It seems worth while to call attention to them, if only to bring out an explanation.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114255770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-11-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591531
Boris Worohoff
THERE are several methods of calculating the ampere-turns necessary to drive a certain magnetic flux through wedge-shaped teeth. Some of these methods give a very incorrect result, as, for instance, the method by the mean value of the sectional area of the tooth. A few other methods give a perfectly correct result, but require much time or special curves for every fixed form of tooth and a definite kind of material.
{"title":"A method of calculating the ampere-turns for driving a magnetic flux through wedged-shaped teeth","authors":"Boris Worohoff","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591531","url":null,"abstract":"THERE are several methods of calculating the ampere-turns necessary to drive a certain magnetic flux through wedge-shaped teeth. Some of these methods give a very incorrect result, as, for instance, the method by the mean value of the sectional area of the tooth. A few other methods give a perfectly correct result, but require much time or special curves for every fixed form of tooth and a definite kind of material.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"354 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114832142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-11-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591533
V. Karapetoff
MOST engineers interested in alternating-current apparatus are familiar with the usual representation of currents and voltages by means of vectors. Such vector diagrams are in common use in the treatment of transmission lines, transformers, alternators, etc. When the performance of a machine, say of an induction motor, varies, due to a changing load, the end of the current vector describes a curve. When this curve can be predetermined, and especially when it is a circle, the study of the performance of that particular machine is much simplified and the electrical relationships are readily visualized. Such locus diagrams are used to a considerable extent for the induction motor and for certain types of alternating-current commutator motors.
{"title":"The use of the scalar product of vectors in locus diagrams of electrical machinery","authors":"V. Karapetoff","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591533","url":null,"abstract":"MOST engineers interested in alternating-current apparatus are familiar with the usual representation of currents and voltages by means of vectors. Such vector diagrams are in common use in the treatment of transmission lines, transformers, alternators, etc. When the performance of a machine, say of an induction motor, varies, due to a changing load, the end of the current vector describes a curve. When this curve can be predetermined, and especially when it is a circle, the study of the performance of that particular machine is much simplified and the electrical relationships are readily visualized. Such locus diagrams are used to a considerable extent for the induction motor and for certain types of alternating-current commutator motors.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115071127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-11-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591537
D. M. Simons
The main purpose of this article is to express the calculation of current-carrying capacity in simple formulas. The allowable current for underground cables is usually limited by the maximum permissible temperature of the insulation. The temperature rise is of course a function of the ability of the cable system to dissipate the heat generated. The chief difficulty in the calculation of current-carrying capacity is the determination of the thermal resistances of the path through which the heat must flow. The main part of this paper deals with the errors in the standard formulas for calculating the thermal resistance and geometric properties between the conductors and the sheath. A graphical method of correcting the errors is obtained in terms of what is called the “geometric factor,” the results are tabulated for 2, 3 and 4-conductor cables throughout the range of practical sizes and an empirical formula is given. The check between the results of the graphical correction method and the published experimental data on this subject is very satisfactory, and emphasizes the errors in the standard formulas. The thermal resistance between the sheath and the duct is mentioned briefly, and an approximate method of finding the resistance between the duct and the region at base temperature is outlined. The previous work is then combined into a simple formula giving the allowable current for n-conductor cables, there being any number of similar cables in the duct bank. The formula is also enlarged to cover the case of cables in the metric and square inch systems, and cables buried directly in the ground. The method of including the effect of induced sheath currents in single-conductor cables and of dielectric losses is shown. Finally, the procedure to use in case the cables in the duct bank are not all of the same type is outlined. In Appendix A the geometric factor for three-conductor cables under three-phase voltage is discussed, Russell's formula for this geometric factor being compared with the experimental determinations and an empirical formula for it is given. A formula is also given for the calculation of dielectric losses in three-conductor cables. The geometric factors for three-conductor cables in all other connections (i. e., the geometric factor for one conductor against the other two and sheath, or between any two conductors, etc.) are then derived in terms of the two geometric factors already obtained. In Appendix B are given examples of the calculation of current carrying capacity under various conditions, and of dielectric loss. In Appendix C an example is given which shows the error introduced by using an approximate formula for the calculation of the thermal resistivity of the insulation of a three-conductor cable based upon experimental measurements, the case taken up being a table in the Research on the Heating of Buried Cables.
{"title":"Cable geometry and the calculation of current-carrying capacity","authors":"D. M. Simons","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591537","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this article is to express the calculation of current-carrying capacity in simple formulas. The allowable current for underground cables is usually limited by the maximum permissible temperature of the insulation. The temperature rise is of course a function of the ability of the cable system to dissipate the heat generated. The chief difficulty in the calculation of current-carrying capacity is the determination of the thermal resistances of the path through which the heat must flow. The main part of this paper deals with the errors in the standard formulas for calculating the thermal resistance and geometric properties between the conductors and the sheath. A graphical method of correcting the errors is obtained in terms of what is called the “geometric factor,” the results are tabulated for 2, 3 and 4-conductor cables throughout the range of practical sizes and an empirical formula is given. The check between the results of the graphical correction method and the published experimental data on this subject is very satisfactory, and emphasizes the errors in the standard formulas. The thermal resistance between the sheath and the duct is mentioned briefly, and an approximate method of finding the resistance between the duct and the region at base temperature is outlined. The previous work is then combined into a simple formula giving the allowable current for n-conductor cables, there being any number of similar cables in the duct bank. The formula is also enlarged to cover the case of cables in the metric and square inch systems, and cables buried directly in the ground. The method of including the effect of induced sheath currents in single-conductor cables and of dielectric losses is shown. Finally, the procedure to use in case the cables in the duct bank are not all of the same type is outlined. In Appendix A the geometric factor for three-conductor cables under three-phase voltage is discussed, Russell's formula for this geometric factor being compared with the experimental determinations and an empirical formula for it is given. A formula is also given for the calculation of dielectric losses in three-conductor cables. The geometric factors for three-conductor cables in all other connections (i. e., the geometric factor for one conductor against the other two and sheath, or between any two conductors, etc.) are then derived in terms of the two geometric factors already obtained. In Appendix B are given examples of the calculation of current carrying capacity under various conditions, and of dielectric loss. In Appendix C an example is given which shows the error introduced by using an approximate formula for the calculation of the thermal resistivity of the insulation of a three-conductor cable based upon experimental measurements, the case taken up being a table in the Research on the Heating of Buried Cables.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128894712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-11-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591525
Edward Bennett
The functional divisions of engineering are considered to be those functional divisions found within the highly organized industrial organizations, — namely, research, design, supervision (of physical plant and of physical and chemical processes), management (of labor and business features) and engineering sales. To provide a background for the discussion of the proposed reorganization of the engineering courses along these functional lines, the features of the existing engineering courses are first presented and briefly discussed. It is pointed out that the existing courses, while intended to provide a broad foundation for engineering work in general, are each intended to provide a more thorough and specific foundation for work in some one of the industrial divisions of the engineering field. The grounds for selection between the existing engineering courses are then discussed. The question is discussed as to whether the student and his counselors would not be required to consider and to choose between the more basic types of engineering if each major engineering course were laid out to provide the best foundation for one of the functional divisions of the engineering field. The general features of the proposed functional courses are discussed and contrasted with those of the existing courses. The need for more than one type of treatment of many of the subjects is presented and the conclusion is drawn that the distinctive general feature of the functional engineering courses should be the separate provision for the needs of men of superior aptitude and for those of moderate aptitude by profoundly technical and moderately technical treatments of the different branches of science, particularly of the mathematics and physics of the first two years. The distinctive features of each of the functional engineering courses and the conditions of transfer from one to the other are discussed. The merits and possibilities of a method of determining the student's aptitude for the work in an engineering college before enrolling him in the college, by requiring him to report before the opening of the school year for a month of work and counsel with mature educators, are pointed out. The closing discussion relates to the relative parts played by survey courses and by profoundly technical courses in the development of clear, trustworthy breadth of vision.
{"title":"Education for the functional divisions of engineering","authors":"Edward Bennett","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591525","url":null,"abstract":"The functional divisions of engineering are considered to be those functional divisions found within the highly organized industrial organizations, — namely, research, design, supervision (of physical plant and of physical and chemical processes), management (of labor and business features) and engineering sales. To provide a background for the discussion of the proposed reorganization of the engineering courses along these functional lines, the features of the existing engineering courses are first presented and briefly discussed. It is pointed out that the existing courses, while intended to provide a broad foundation for engineering work in general, are each intended to provide a more thorough and specific foundation for work in some one of the industrial divisions of the engineering field. The grounds for selection between the existing engineering courses are then discussed. The question is discussed as to whether the student and his counselors would not be required to consider and to choose between the more basic types of engineering if each major engineering course were laid out to provide the best foundation for one of the functional divisions of the engineering field. The general features of the proposed functional courses are discussed and contrasted with those of the existing courses. The need for more than one type of treatment of many of the subjects is presented and the conclusion is drawn that the distinctive general feature of the functional engineering courses should be the separate provision for the needs of men of superior aptitude and for those of moderate aptitude by profoundly technical and moderately technical treatments of the different branches of science, particularly of the mathematics and physics of the first two years. The distinctive features of each of the functional engineering courses and the conditions of transfer from one to the other are discussed. The merits and possibilities of a method of determining the student's aptitude for the work in an engineering college before enrolling him in the college, by requiring him to report before the opening of the school year for a month of work and counsel with mature educators, are pointed out. The closing discussion relates to the relative parts played by survey courses and by profoundly technical courses in the development of clear, trustworthy breadth of vision.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132993445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-11-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591536
Andreae, Saelatwalla, Anderson, Hodson
J. A. Seede: I remember distinctly a large smelting furnace making ferro-alloys in which the condition existed that Mr. Andreae points out, i.e., the charge surrounding the left hand electrode, looking at the furnace from the transformer, indicated that the temperature was too low to produce the required metallurgical action while the charge around the other electrodes indicated that the temperature was high and the metallurgical conditions satisfactory. Such unbalanced metallurgical conditions never produce satisfactory operation and no one had made, or has made to my knowledge, such a thorough analysis as the author has made in this paper.
J. a . Seede:我清楚地记得有一个大型冶炼铁合金的熔炉，Andreae先生指出的条件存在，也就是说，左边电极周围的电荷，从变压器看炉子，表明温度太低，无法产生所需的冶金作用，而其他电极周围的电荷表明温度很高，冶金条件令人满意。这种不平衡的冶金条件从来没有产生过令人满意的运行，而且据我所知，没有人做过或没有人做过作者在本文中所做的这样彻底的分析。
{"title":"Some problems in electric furnace operation: Improvements in ferro-alloy electric furnaces of high power input: Development of the large electric melting furnace","authors":"Andreae, Saelatwalla, Anderson, Hodson","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591536","url":null,"abstract":"J. A. Seede: I remember distinctly a large smelting furnace making ferro-alloys in which the condition existed that Mr. Andreae points out, i.e., the charge surrounding the left hand electrode, looking at the furnace from the transformer, indicated that the temperature was too low to produce the required metallurgical action while the charge around the other electrodes indicated that the temperature was high and the metallurgical conditions satisfactory. Such unbalanced metallurgical conditions never produce satisfactory operation and no one had made, or has made to my knowledge, such a thorough analysis as the author has made in this paper.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131798951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-11-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591549
J. Carty, J. Lieb, E. Rice, C. Skinner, L. F. Morehouse
Some time ago Joseph Henry was voted a place in the Hall of Fame, New York City, and a tablet was erected in his honor.
不久前，约瑟夫·亨利被选为纽约市名人堂的一员，并为他竖立了一块碑。
{"title":"Joseph Henry in the Hall of Fame","authors":"J. Carty, J. Lieb, E. Rice, C. Skinner, L. F. Morehouse","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591549","url":null,"abstract":"Some time ago Joseph Henry was voted a place in the Hall of Fame, New York City, and a tablet was erected in his honor.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122678247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-11-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591529
J. K. Kostko
THE reaction synchronous motor in its present form (salient-pole rotor without field coils) is one of the oldest types of electric motors, antedating the induction motor by many years. At first it was used only in connection with instruments, such as the oscillograph etc.; later its simplicity and exactness in keeping in step made it the standard driving motor for rectifying devices such as are used for charging low-voltage batteries, supplying high-tension unidirectional current for x-ray and electric precipitation apparatus etc., where the power may amount to several h. p. It is, however, safe to say that the limit of output of the present type is practically reached; its low weight efficiency and poor performance are inadmissible in motors of larger output and seem to justify the general opinion that the reaction motor is inherently inferior to the other types of a-c. motors.
{"title":"Polyphase reaction synchronous motors","authors":"J. K. Kostko","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6591529","url":null,"abstract":"THE reaction synchronous motor in its present form (salient-pole rotor without field coils) is one of the oldest types of electric motors, antedating the induction motor by many years. At first it was used only in connection with instruments, such as the oscillograph etc.; later its simplicity and exactness in keeping in step made it the standard driving motor for rectifying devices such as are used for charging low-voltage batteries, supplying high-tension unidirectional current for x-ray and electric precipitation apparatus etc., where the power may amount to several h. p. It is, however, safe to say that the limit of output of the present type is practically reached; its low weight efficiency and poor performance are inadmissible in motors of larger output and seem to justify the general opinion that the reaction motor is inherently inferior to the other types of a-c. motors.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128735784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-10-01DOI: 10.1109/JoAIEE.1923.6592188
H. Dewey
In the early days of power transmission, there was no consistent practise in respect to operating with neutral isolated or with neutral grounded. The rapid growth of transmission systems with their extensive networks soon began to show disastrous results from arcing grounds on isolated neutral systems and now most power transmissson networks have their neutrals grounded in some manner. The discussion of general considerations of neutral grounding is divided into two parts, that of overhead line systems and underground cable systems. He brings out the fact that while most overhead systems are grounded there is some difference in practise as to the extent to which they are grounded, that is as to whether they are grounded solidly or through resistance. Prevailing practise tends toward little or no resistance. Attention is called to different possible methods of grounding a system and shows by diagrams the flow of short-circuit current with the different methods. Underground cable systems are consistently operated with neutral grounded but general practise tends toward the use of resistance in neutral. General considerations as to protection from the voltage strains due to arcing grounds on cable systems are similar to overhead line systems and the author analyzes briefly the character of cable breakdowns and general effect of such breakdowns with a view to determining the importance of the extent to which a cable system should be grounded. The conclusion in regard to cable systems indicates about the same limitations as those found for overhead systems and no very good reasons are found for a distinctive difference in practise. The paper considers the use of grounding resistors of different types and gives some cast figures to show the effect of time and current in the design of metallic resistors. The general conclusion arrived at is that, on either overhead or underground transmission systems, high-voltage strains are more to be feared than high-current strains and that resistance to limit ground current, if used at all, should be of very low value.
{"title":"General considerations in grounding the neutral of power systems","authors":"H. Dewey","doi":"10.1109/JoAIEE.1923.6592188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JoAIEE.1923.6592188","url":null,"abstract":"In the early days of power transmission, there was no consistent practise in respect to operating with neutral isolated or with neutral grounded. The rapid growth of transmission systems with their extensive networks soon began to show disastrous results from arcing grounds on isolated neutral systems and now most power transmissson networks have their neutrals grounded in some manner. The discussion of general considerations of neutral grounding is divided into two parts, that of overhead line systems and underground cable systems. He brings out the fact that while most overhead systems are grounded there is some difference in practise as to the extent to which they are grounded, that is as to whether they are grounded solidly or through resistance. Prevailing practise tends toward little or no resistance. Attention is called to different possible methods of grounding a system and shows by diagrams the flow of short-circuit current with the different methods. Underground cable systems are consistently operated with neutral grounded but general practise tends toward the use of resistance in neutral. General considerations as to protection from the voltage strains due to arcing grounds on cable systems are similar to overhead line systems and the author analyzes briefly the character of cable breakdowns and general effect of such breakdowns with a view to determining the importance of the extent to which a cable system should be grounded. The conclusion in regard to cable systems indicates about the same limitations as those found for overhead systems and no very good reasons are found for a distinctive difference in practise. The paper considers the use of grounding resistors of different types and gives some cast figures to show the effect of time and current in the design of metallic resistors. The general conclusion arrived at is that, on either overhead or underground transmission systems, high-voltage strains are more to be feared than high-current strains and that resistance to limit ground current, if used at all, should be of very low value.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130273681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-10-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6592193
H. Pierce
THE Priest Rapids of the Columbia River are located a little south of almost the exact center of the State of Washington. The four principal cities of the far northwest — Portland, Seattle, Tacoma and Spokane — having an aggregate population of about 800,000, are each “as the crow flies” about 150 miles distant from Priest Rapids. The main lines of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul R. R. crosses the Columbia at Beverly, 14 miles above the foot of the Rapids. The Great Northern R. R. crosses the river at Trinidad, 40 miles north, and the Northern Pacific, the Union Pacific System and the Spokane, Portland & Seattle R. R. cross the river at Pasco, 60 miles south. A branch of the Milwaukee is now in operation along the River from Beverly, past Priest Rapids to Hanford, a distance of 40 miles. An extension of this line is projected north to Trinidad and south to Pasco which will give Priest Rapids the service of four of the great transcontinental railroads: The Great Northern, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, the Northern Pacific and the Union Pacific System.
{"title":"Facts about Priest rapids: The largest possible hydroelectric development in the United States West of Niagara falls","authors":"H. Pierce","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6592193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6592193","url":null,"abstract":"THE Priest Rapids of the Columbia River are located a little south of almost the exact center of the State of Washington. The four principal cities of the far northwest — Portland, Seattle, Tacoma and Spokane — having an aggregate population of about 800,000, are each “as the crow flies” about 150 miles distant from Priest Rapids. The main lines of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul R. R. crosses the Columbia at Beverly, 14 miles above the foot of the Rapids. The Great Northern R. R. crosses the river at Trinidad, 40 miles north, and the Northern Pacific, the Union Pacific System and the Spokane, Portland & Seattle R. R. cross the river at Pasco, 60 miles south. A branch of the Milwaukee is now in operation along the River from Beverly, past Priest Rapids to Hanford, a distance of 40 miles. An extension of this line is projected north to Trinidad and south to Pasco which will give Priest Rapids the service of four of the great transcontinental railroads: The Great Northern, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, the Northern Pacific and the Union Pacific System.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127394388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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