Pub Date : 1923-03-23DOI: 10.1109/jaiee.1928.6536828
H. Andrews
The library is a cooperative activity of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. It is administered for these Founder Societies by the United Engineering Society, as a public reference library of engineering and the allied sciences. It contains 150,000 volumes and pamphlets and receives currently most of the important periodicals in its field. It is housed in the Engineering Societies Building, 29 West Thirty-ninth St., New York. In order to place the resources of the Library at the disposal of those unable to visit it in person, the Library is prepared to furnish lists of references to engineering subjects, copies or translations of articles, and similar assistance. Charges sufficient to cover the cost of this work are made. The Director of the Library will gladly give information concerning charges for the various kinds of service to those interested. In asking for information, letters should be made as definite as possible, so that the investigator may understand clearly what is desired. The library is open from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. on all week days except holidays throughout the year except during July and August when the hours are 9 a. m. to 6 p. m.
{"title":"Engineering societies library","authors":"H. Andrews","doi":"10.1109/jaiee.1928.6536828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jaiee.1928.6536828","url":null,"abstract":"The library is a cooperative activity of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. It is administered for these Founder Societies by the United Engineering Society, as a public reference library of engineering and the allied sciences. It contains 150,000 volumes and pamphlets and receives currently most of the important periodicals in its field. It is housed in the Engineering Societies Building, 29 West Thirty-ninth St., New York. In order to place the resources of the Library at the disposal of those unable to visit it in person, the Library is prepared to furnish lists of references to engineering subjects, copies or translations of articles, and similar assistance. Charges sufficient to cover the cost of this work are made. The Director of the Library will gladly give information concerning charges for the various kinds of service to those interested. In asking for information, letters should be made as definite as possible, so that the investigator may understand clearly what is desired. The library is open from 9 a. m. to 10 p. m. on all week days except holidays throughout the year except during July and August when the hours are 9 a. m. to 6 p. m.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128736700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-03-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6594573
S. H. Harrison
Review of the Subject. — During the year 1920 the total production of Portland Cement in the United States was 99,694,000 barrels. Of this amount 25,197,000 barrels or, approximately, 25 per cent were made in the Lehigh District, or in the plants located in Eastern Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. On account of the industrial depression the production for the year 1921 was somewhat lower than that stated above. If we assume that one barrel of cement is made with an expenditure of energy amounting to 16 kw-hr., it will be seen that there is required in the 20 mills which comprise the plants in the Lehigh district, an aggregate load of approximately 46,000 kw. to make the 25,197,000 barrels for one year. These figures are interesting in view of the fact that so much thought is being expended today on the superpower system. It is well to remember, however, that about 80 per cent of the total energy required to make a barrel of Portland cement can be obtained by utilizing the heat in the waste gases from the rotary kilns; the balance, or 20 per cent, will have to be either generated by ordinary methods, or purchased from power companies. At the present time comparatively few cement plants are utilizing the waste heat from the rotary kilns, but from the success which has been obtained by those who installed the waste heat system, there is every indication that before long the major portion of the power required in cement plants will be obtained from the heat now carried off in the stack gases.
{"title":"Power absorbed in making a barrel of Portland Cement","authors":"S. H. Harrison","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6594573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6594573","url":null,"abstract":"Review of the Subject. — During the year 1920 the total production of Portland Cement in the United States was 99,694,000 barrels. Of this amount 25,197,000 barrels or, approximately, 25 per cent were made in the Lehigh District, or in the plants located in Eastern Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. On account of the industrial depression the production for the year 1921 was somewhat lower than that stated above. If we assume that one barrel of cement is made with an expenditure of energy amounting to 16 kw-hr., it will be seen that there is required in the 20 mills which comprise the plants in the Lehigh district, an aggregate load of approximately 46,000 kw. to make the 25,197,000 barrels for one year. These figures are interesting in view of the fact that so much thought is being expended today on the superpower system. It is well to remember, however, that about 80 per cent of the total energy required to make a barrel of Portland cement can be obtained by utilizing the heat in the waste gases from the rotary kilns; the balance, or 20 per cent, will have to be either generated by ordinary methods, or purchased from power companies. At the present time comparatively few cement plants are utilizing the waste heat from the rotary kilns, but from the success which has been obtained by those who installed the waste heat system, there is every indication that before long the major portion of the power required in cement plants will be obtained from the heat now carried off in the stack gases.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117017191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1922-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JoAIEE.1922.6593220
G. Stickney
The Committee herewith submits its report in two sections — first, activities of the Committee, and second, progress in the art. Activities of the Committee The Committee was appointed about the middle of October. Early in November, a “correspondence meeting” was held, by which the views of the Committee were obtained on subjects which appeared important to the Chairman. This was followed by a meeting at the Association's headquarters. At this time, the plans for the year were finally agreed upon and arrangements made for carrying them out.
{"title":"Lighting and illumination committee","authors":"G. Stickney","doi":"10.1109/JoAIEE.1922.6593220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JoAIEE.1922.6593220","url":null,"abstract":"The Committee herewith submits its report in two sections — first, activities of the Committee, and second, progress in the art. Activities of the Committee The Committee was appointed about the middle of October. Early in November, a “correspondence meeting” was held, by which the views of the Committee were obtained on subjects which appeared important to the Chairman. This was followed by a meeting at the Association's headquarters. At this time, the plans for the year were finally agreed upon and arrangements made for carrying them out.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1922-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130017706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1922-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1922.6593234
W. A. Hillebrand
W. A. Hillebrand: I will confine my discussion principally to the paper by Messrs. Farr and Philpott. The energy and care with which they prosecuted this research is highly commendable, and the results are extremely interesting. On the other hand it is characteristic of a great deal of such work that an attempt is made to draw general conclusions from incomplete data. For example, the insulators on which they made their tests were evidently of very poor material.
{"title":"Discussion on “tests and investigations on extra high-tension insulators”","authors":"W. A. Hillebrand","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1922.6593234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1922.6593234","url":null,"abstract":"W. A. Hillebrand: I will confine my discussion principally to the paper by Messrs. Farr and Philpott. The energy and care with which they prosecuted this research is highly commendable, and the results are extremely interesting. On the other hand it is characteristic of a great deal of such work that an attempt is made to draw general conclusions from incomplete data. For example, the insulators on which they made their tests were evidently of very poor material.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1922-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126547119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1922-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JoAIEE.1922.6593236
G. Lapp
C. E. Skinner: Porcelain is essentially in effect a conglomerate of spar, flint and kaolin. Each individual piece has its own personal history. A very large number of factors inevitably enter in, to affect it for good or ill in its making. Much can be done by the ceramist and by the porcelain factory to insure uniformity, but the day will never dawn when lots of porcelain insulators can be tested by sample as we test steel and many other materials. We must always test each piece to see that that piece does not have accidental defects and weaknesses that would unfit it for its intended service. What is required is a test that will search out such defects and weaknesses and which will leave the piece uninjured by the test itself. It is up to the porcelain manufacturer to so operate his plant that he secures the maximum of uniformity, and the test should eliminate all pieces which fall below an agreed standard. The agreed standard should be that which gives satisfactory service under the prescribed conditions. As no test can duplicate service conditions — in fact probably no series of tests can duplicate service conditions — the combined experience of manufacturing, testing and service will finally show what balance should be struck between severity of test and service. We can so test that we destroy every insulator, then we have none for service. The most careful manufacturer cannot hope to so fabricate that no test is required, so there must be an economic balance between test and service. We all welcome any test that will help to show us whether design and material are right, and any test that will eliminate insulators which would not give service.
C. E.斯金纳:实际上，瓷器基本上是由石、燧石和高岭土混合而成的。每一件作品都有自己的个人历史。大量的因素不可避免地介入其中，对其产生好坏影响。陶艺家和瓷厂可以做很多事情来确保一致性，但像我们测试钢铁和许多其他材料一样，可以通过样品测试许多瓷绝缘体的那一天永远不会到来。我们必须经常测试每一个部件，看它是否有意外的缺陷和弱点，使它不适合其预期的服务。我们所需要的是一种能够找出缺陷和弱点的测试，这种测试将使零件不受测试本身的伤害。这取决于瓷器制造商如何操作他的工厂，以确保最大程度的一致性，并且测试应该消除所有低于商定标准的碎片。商定的标准应是在规定条件下提供满意服务的标准。由于没有任何测试可以复制使用条件——事实上，可能没有一系列测试可以复制使用条件——制造、测试和服务的综合经验将最终表明，在测试的严峻性和服务之间应该取得怎样的平衡。我们可以把所有的绝缘体都毁掉，这样就没有绝缘体可用了。最细心的制造商也不能指望制造时不需要测试，所以在测试和维修之间必须有一个经济的平衡。我们都欢迎任何有助于证明我们的设计和材料是否正确的测试，以及任何能够消除不能提供服务的绝缘体的测试。
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Pub Date : 1922-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JoAIEE.1922.6593224
Mc Eachron
Wm. McClellan: Is it practical, may I ask, to use that device for the tripping of relays in connection with circuit breakers?
Wm。麦克莱伦:我可以问一下，用这种装置来断开与断路器相连的继电器的跳闸是否实际?
{"title":"Discussion at the Chicago convention","authors":"Mc Eachron","doi":"10.1109/JoAIEE.1922.6593224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JoAIEE.1922.6593224","url":null,"abstract":"Wm. McClellan: Is it practical, may I ask, to use that device for the tripping of relays in connection with circuit breakers?","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1922-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124189468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1922-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JoAIEE.1922.6593237
J. Fisken
J. B. Fisken: One thought occurred to me when I read the paper and that is that we now have connection over the Idaho-Montana line through to Seattle, Tacoma, and I don't know just how far south, with a break between Tacoma and Portland, and some breaks in Oregon; and I don't think it takes any very great imagination to visualize the time when our plants in Eastern Washington will run in synchronism with plants on the Colorado River. It will not in any sense be transmission from Eastern Washington to Southern California, but it will be simply an interchange of current, our plants furnishing the load as required on the northern end and meeting the western Washington plants, the Oregon plants and so forth.
J. B. Fisken:当我读到报纸时，我想到了一个想法，那就是我们现在通过爱达荷-蒙大拿州的线连接到西雅图，塔科马，我不知道有多远，塔科马和波特兰之间有一个中断，俄勒冈州有一些中断;我认为不需要多大的想象力就能想象到我们在华盛顿东部的工厂将与科罗拉多河上的工厂同步运行的那一天。从任何意义上说，它都不会从华盛顿州东部传输到南加州，而只是电流的交换，我们的工厂在北端提供所需的负荷，并与华盛顿州西部的工厂、俄勒冈州的工厂等等相遇。
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Pub Date : 1922-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1922.6593215
K. L. Hansen
THE graphical method or circle diagram is undoubtedly the one most frequently employed in deriving speed-torque curves of induction motors from the design constants of the motor or from running and locked tests readings. In numerous papers and text books on induction motors are described quite a variety of circle diagrams, which have been developed for this purpose, each introducing more or less refined methods into the process. Steinmetz' symbolic method lends itself readily to an analysis of the induction motor phenomena and formulas have been derived by him by means of which the complete performance can be calculated.
{"title":"Torque components due to space harmonics in induction motors","authors":"K. L. Hansen","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1922.6593215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1922.6593215","url":null,"abstract":"THE graphical method or circle diagram is undoubtedly the one most frequently employed in deriving speed-torque curves of induction motors from the design constants of the motor or from running and locked tests readings. In numerous papers and text books on induction motors are described quite a variety of circle diagrams, which have been developed for this purpose, each introducing more or less refined methods into the process. Steinmetz' symbolic method lends itself readily to an analysis of the induction motor phenomena and formulas have been derived by him by means of which the complete performance can be calculated.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1922-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130148132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1922-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JoAIEE.1922.6593241
J. Holladay, H. B. Dwight
R. J. C. Wood: Again we have an illustration of how, in different parts of the world, and at the same time, the same ideas arise simultaneously. The curves shown in this paper (Dwight) are — I think if you turn the diagram right over, or the wrong way up, according to who is talking about it, that it will be found to be very similar, if not identical with the curves to be shown in the paper by Mr. Holladay. That paper shows a diagram which represents the exact hyperbolic equations.
R. J. C. Wood:我们又有了一个例子，说明在世界不同的地方，在同一时间，同样的想法是如何同时产生的。这篇论文(德怀特)中显示的曲线是-我认为如果你把图表翻过来，或者是颠倒过来，根据讨论它的人的说法，你会发现它与霍拉迪先生在论文中显示的曲线即使不完全相同，也非常相似。那篇论文给出了一个表示精确双曲方程的图表。
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Pub Date : 1922-12-01DOI: 10.1109/JoAIEE.1922.6593213
V. A. Fynn
IT was discovered, in the early eighties, that an ordinary d-c. series conduction motor with a laminated magnetic circuit would operate on alternating current. In those days d-c. series motors usually had few armature and many field ampere-turns and were not neutralized, with the result that, when operated on alternating current, their power factor was very low. Some of the difficulties of the situation were probably first pointed out by G. Kapp, in 1888 or thereabouts. In 1890 Eickemeyer addressed himself to the single-phase series motor and made a commercial machine of it by neutralizing the armature reaction and showing that, contrary to the then prevailing d-c. practise, the armature ampere-turns should be greatly in excess, in fact a multiple of, the motor field producing ampereturns. He also pointed out that these machines were better suited for operation on low than on high periodicities and that they should be built with small air gaps. Beginning about the year 1893, A. G. Helios of Cologne, Germany, built a large number of neutralized single-phase series motors for general stationary work. Ganz & Co. of Budapest, Hungary, also made many single-phase series motors, beginning about 1889, but do not appear to have employed neutralizing windings. The machines built by these European firms were mostly small, seldom exceeding 20 B. h. p. The reason why the single-phase series motor was first used commercially in Europe, is probably to be found in the fact that in the early 90's the periodicities mostly employed in this country were about twice as high as those in vogue in Europe. The advent of the commutatorless polyphase motor had no doubt much to do with the almost complete abandonment of the single-phase series motor somewhere along the year 1896.
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