Pub Date : 1923-09-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593383
A. Bettis
Two radical departures have been made in the installation of a new street-lighting system in Kansas City, Mo. These are the removal of all street-lighting equipment in each of seven substations, and the placing of a large part of the lamp circuits underground, a special cable buried in the earth without ducts save at street crossings being used. Ducts are used at street crossings to facilitate repairs in case of cable burnouts or other breakdowns. The removal of all of the usual series transformer and switching equipment from the substations means the saving of a great amount of valuable space and in some cases obviated the necessity of special substations for the street-lighting equipment. This in itself has meant a material saving in expense. The placing of the series circuits underground has enabled the use of a simple and attractive ornamental post on streets where there are no street-car lines. On the streets with street-car lines and steel trolley poles, the conductors being carried overhead. The plans which were followed made possible the avoidance of the unsightly wiring and lamp supports that overhead construction usually involves. These results have been attained because it was possible to start with a comparatively clean slate, much of the previous street lighting having been with gas.
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Pub Date : 1923-09-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593374
Terman
C. L. Fortescue: Referring to Mr. Frederick Terman's paper on Measurement of Transients, this question of the Measurement of Transients of transmission lines and in apparatus connected to transmission lines, is becoming of great importance. However, there are surges of several kinds; we may have surges of very high voltage, which last for a very short time, so short that they do not do any damage.
C. L. Fortescue:参考弗雷德里克·特曼先生关于暂态测量的论文，输电线路和与输电线路相连的设备的暂态测量问题变得非常重要。然而，有几种类型的激增;我们可能会遇到非常高电压的浪涌，它持续的时间很短，短到不会造成任何损害。
{"title":"Discussion at Midwinter convention: Discussion (continued) on “measurement of transients”","authors":"Terman","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593374","url":null,"abstract":"C. L. Fortescue: Referring to Mr. Frederick Terman's paper on Measurement of Transients, this question of the Measurement of Transients of transmission lines and in apparatus connected to transmission lines, is becoming of great importance. However, there are surges of several kinds; we may have surges of very high voltage, which last for a very short time, so short that they do not do any damage.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124596684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-09-01DOI: 10.1109/joaiee.1923.6593381
J. W. Legg
THE oscillograph has emerged from the obscurity of scientific laboratories and from the test departments of great electrical industries so that today it is occasionally seen on a rapidly accelerating elevated train, in a soaring air-plane, in a destroyer dashing through a rough sea, on the polished top of a conference table, and, in each case, operating as perfectly as though it were in a well-equipped laboratory.
{"title":"Expansion of oscillography by the portable instrument","authors":"J. W. Legg","doi":"10.1109/joaiee.1923.6593381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/joaiee.1923.6593381","url":null,"abstract":"THE oscillograph has emerged from the obscurity of scientific laboratories and from the test departments of great electrical industries so that today it is occasionally seen on a rapidly accelerating elevated train, in a soaring air-plane, in a destroyer dashing through a rough sea, on the polished top of a conference table, and, in each case, operating as perfectly as though it were in a well-equipped laboratory.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116520392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-08-01DOI: 10.1109/JoAIEE.1923.6593490
J. Dunlap, F. F. Sharpless, C. W. Rice, F. Hutchinson
While it has been generally recognized that the Employment Service, conducted as a joint activity of the four national societies of Civil, Mining, Mechanical and Electrical Engineers constitutes one of the most valuable activities of these societies and is far more efficient in its present status than when handled as an independent service by each society, the maintenance expense to the societies has been heavy. Also the scope of the service and its value to the individual member and the employer very evidently falls short of what might be possible under a more comprehensive plan of operation were larger funds available. A joint committee to study the service was appointed in November 1922, consisting of two representatives from each of the four societies as follows: American Society of Civil Engineers, J. P. Perry, E. S. Nethercut; American Institute of Mining & Metallurgical Engineers, F. T. Rubidge, J. V. W. Reynders; American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Prof. J. W. Roe, E. W. Swartwout; American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Prof. W. I. Slichter, H. C. Carpenter.
虽然人们普遍认识到，作为四个国家土木、采矿、机械和电气工程师协会的联合活动而开展的就业服务是这些协会最有价值的活动之一，而且在目前的状况下比由每个协会作为独立服务来处理要有效得多，但这些协会的维持费用却很大。此外，这种服务的范围及其对个人成员和雇主的价值，显然不及在有更多资金的情况下更全面的业务计划所能达到的程度。1922年11月任命了一个联合委员会来研究这项服务，该委员会由以下四个学会各两名代表组成:美国土木工程师学会、j.p. Perry、e.s. Nethercut;美国矿业与冶金工程师学会，F. T. Rubidge, J. V. W. Reynders;美国机械工程师学会，j.w. Roe, e.w. Swartwout教授;美国电机工程师学会，W. I. Slichter, H. C. Carpenter教授。
{"title":"Engineering societies employment service. The new “cooperative plan”","authors":"J. Dunlap, F. F. Sharpless, C. W. Rice, F. Hutchinson","doi":"10.1109/JoAIEE.1923.6593490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JoAIEE.1923.6593490","url":null,"abstract":"While it has been generally recognized that the Employment Service, conducted as a joint activity of the four national societies of Civil, Mining, Mechanical and Electrical Engineers constitutes one of the most valuable activities of these societies and is far more efficient in its present status than when handled as an independent service by each society, the maintenance expense to the societies has been heavy. Also the scope of the service and its value to the individual member and the employer very evidently falls short of what might be possible under a more comprehensive plan of operation were larger funds available. A joint committee to study the service was appointed in November 1922, consisting of two representatives from each of the four societies as follows: American Society of Civil Engineers, J. P. Perry, E. S. Nethercut; American Institute of Mining & Metallurgical Engineers, F. T. Rubidge, J. V. W. Reynders; American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Prof. J. W. Roe, E. W. Swartwout; American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Prof. W. I. Slichter, H. C. Carpenter.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124913951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-08-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593478
Spooner
E. L. Bowles: Mr. Spooner has presented some very interesting data concerning an involved and difficult subject. The analysis of circuits containing what are rather equivocally called “variable constants,” is a difficult and sometimes an impossible problem. At present we are faced with a very serious situation no matter which way we turn. Variable coefficients of resistance are met with in the case of gaseous or thermionic conduction, and they are met with also in the case of circuits containing magnetic materials. In fact, even dielectrics suggest the consideration of variable coefficients. In view of these conditions, it seems that we should talk of the Coefficients of an electric circuit rather than the Constants, for after all, in developing the subject, one must overcome the handicap which results from a treatment of the electric circuit on the basis of constants.
E. L.鲍尔斯:斯普纳先生提出了一些非常有趣的数据，涉及一个复杂而困难的主题。对包含“可变常数”的电路的分析是一个困难的问题，有时甚至是不可能的问题。目前，无论我们走哪条路，都面临着非常严峻的形势。在气体或热离子传导的情况下会遇到可变的电阻系数，在含有磁性材料的电路中也会遇到。事实上，即使是电介质也建议考虑变系数。鉴于这些情况，我们似乎应该讨论电路的系数，而不是常数，因为在发展这门学科时，毕竟必须克服由于根据常数来处理电路而造成的障碍。
{"title":"Discussion on “permeability”","authors":"Spooner","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593478","url":null,"abstract":"E. L. Bowles: Mr. Spooner has presented some very interesting data concerning an involved and difficult subject. The analysis of circuits containing what are rather equivocally called “variable constants,” is a difficult and sometimes an impossible problem. At present we are faced with a very serious situation no matter which way we turn. Variable coefficients of resistance are met with in the case of gaseous or thermionic conduction, and they are met with also in the case of circuits containing magnetic materials. In fact, even dielectrics suggest the consideration of variable coefficients. In view of these conditions, it seems that we should talk of the Coefficients of an electric circuit rather than the Constants, for after all, in developing the subject, one must overcome the handicap which results from a treatment of the electric circuit on the basis of constants.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126881385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-08-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593471
H. B. Dwight
A precise method of calculation is describ d for determining the skin effect in isolated tubular conductors. This may be used where more accurate results are desired than are given by the curves and approximate methods of calculation previously published by the writer. The present calculation requires the use of certain numerical values of Bessel functions, a table for which is given. Asymptotic series for calculating them are given, which are complete with their general terms. An example is worked out, and the result checked up with the published curves.
{"title":"A precise method of calculation of skin effect in isolated tubes","authors":"H. B. Dwight","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593471","url":null,"abstract":"A precise method of calculation is describ d for determining the skin effect in isolated tubular conductors. This may be used where more accurate results are desired than are given by the curves and approximate methods of calculation previously published by the writer. The present calculation requires the use of certain numerical values of Bessel functions, a table for which is given. Asymptotic series for calculating them are given, which are complete with their general terms. An example is worked out, and the result checked up with the published curves.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116661848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-07-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593433
W. F. Sims
The question of how far to go with duplication of equipment and the installation of safeguards is one that plays an important part in central station design. The extent to which these provisions are made has an important bearing on the cost of installation and has a direct influence upon the dependability of the service rendered. Stations on larger interconnected systems require a greater degree of protection of this nature than is usually the case in stations on small systems on account of the importance of the service as well as the more serious results of short circuits, due to the greater concentration of energy. This article discusses the more important considerations to be taken into account and points out that local conditions will have a determining influence on the decision made.
{"title":"Desirable duplication and safeguarding in the electrical equipment of a generating station","authors":"W. F. Sims","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593433","url":null,"abstract":"The question of how far to go with duplication of equipment and the installation of safeguards is one that plays an important part in central station design. The extent to which these provisions are made has an important bearing on the cost of installation and has a direct influence upon the dependability of the service rendered. Stations on larger interconnected systems require a greater degree of protection of this nature than is usually the case in stations on small systems on account of the importance of the service as well as the more serious results of short circuits, due to the greater concentration of energy. This article discusses the more important considerations to be taken into account and points out that local conditions will have a determining influence on the decision made.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124849881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-07-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6594067
F. Brueggeman
With the increasing vehicular traffic in recent years various types of signal lights for street intersections and safety islands have come into use. To distinguish these lights at a distance from ordinary street lights, red globes are used to a considerable extent. However, the base of the post is not sufficiently lighted when a red globe is used and on this account, there is danger of motorists running into it. This difficulty was overcome by the use of luminaires adopted by the South Park Commission in Chicago, and they have been used on busy intersections of Chicago boulevards with very satisfactory results.
{"title":"A luminaire for a safety island or boulevard crossing","authors":"F. Brueggeman","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6594067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6594067","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing vehicular traffic in recent years various types of signal lights for street intersections and safety islands have come into use. To distinguish these lights at a distance from ordinary street lights, red globes are used to a considerable extent. However, the base of the post is not sufficiently lighted when a red globe is used and on this account, there is danger of motorists running into it. This difficulty was overcome by the use of luminaires adopted by the South Park Commission in Chicago, and they have been used on busy intersections of Chicago boulevards with very satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126366557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-07-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6594063
Howe
F. L. Rhodes: Mr. Howe's valuable paper advances our knowledge of a subject which has occupied the attention of engineering investigators for more than three hundred years. Study of the resistance of plates to the motion of fluids against them, goes back to the time of Galileo. Sir Isaac Newton, about 1687, announced the general formula based on theoretical considerations, indicating that the pressure varies with the square of the velocity, that is, P = K V2.
F. L. Rhodes: Howe先生的这篇有价值的论文提高了我们对一个主题的认识，这个主题已经占据了工程研究者三百多年的注意力。研究板对流体运动的阻力，可以追溯到伽利略时代。大约在1687年，艾萨克·牛顿爵士根据理论上的考虑，提出了压强随速度的平方而变化的一般公式，即P = kv2。
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Pub Date : 1923-06-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593545
W. H. Martin, A. B. Clark
The combination of the public address system and the telephone line makes it possible for a speaker to address simultaneously audiences located at a number of places. This paper discusses various applications of this combination, states the requirements for the lines, shows the circuit arrangements used and describes some of the important operating features. A description is given of the system used on Armistice Day, 1921, when large audiences at Arlington, New York and San Francisco joined in the ceremonies attending the Burial of the Unknown Soldier at the National Cemetery at Arlington, Virginia. The application of the public address system apparatus and methods to radio broadcasting is also briefly discussed.
{"title":"Use of public address system with telephone lines","authors":"W. H. Martin, A. B. Clark","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593545","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of the public address system and the telephone line makes it possible for a speaker to address simultaneously audiences located at a number of places. This paper discusses various applications of this combination, states the requirements for the lines, shows the circuit arrangements used and describes some of the important operating features. A description is given of the system used on Armistice Day, 1921, when large audiences at Arlington, New York and San Francisco joined in the ceremonies attending the Burial of the Unknown Soldier at the National Cemetery at Arlington, Virginia. The application of the public address system apparatus and methods to radio broadcasting is also briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116699979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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