Pub Date : 1923-10-01DOI: 10.1109/JoAIEE.1923.6592191
C. Latimer
The radio telegraph circuit between the United States and Japan is operated continuously carrying a large portion of the transpacific telegraph traffic. When the recent disastrous earthquake devastated Tokio and Yokohama the radio service was not interrupted. The first news of the disaster came to the United States over this radio circuit and for several days thereafter the most complete despatches describing the extent of the losses and damage came by radio. The writer recently returned from Japan where he was engaged as a representative of the Radio Corporation of America in cooperative work with Japanese engineers at the Iwaki station. The following is a description of the Japanese stations working with America as they exist at the present time.
{"title":"Japanese-American radio circuit","authors":"C. Latimer","doi":"10.1109/JoAIEE.1923.6592191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JoAIEE.1923.6592191","url":null,"abstract":"The radio telegraph circuit between the United States and Japan is operated continuously carrying a large portion of the transpacific telegraph traffic. When the recent disastrous earthquake devastated Tokio and Yokohama the radio service was not interrupted. The first news of the disaster came to the United States over this radio circuit and for several days thereafter the most complete despatches describing the extent of the losses and damage came by radio. The writer recently returned from Japan where he was engaged as a representative of the Radio Corporation of America in cooperative work with Japanese engineers at the Iwaki station. The following is a description of the Japanese stations working with America as they exist at the present time.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133339230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-10-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6592190
L. A. Umansky
Varying values of electric current with time are practically the ever-present condition in applications of electricity. There are two main divisions: First, varying loads, producing such data as are given, for example, by the current record of a curve-drawing ammeter; the time is recorded in hours, minutes or seconds. Second, the condition of varying currents in the alternating-current waves themselves or in electrical transient phenomena, as given by a photographic record of an oscillograph (a galvanometer capable of recording instantaneous values of current). The time is here recorded in thousandths of a second. In both cases the energy is proportional neither to the instantaneous nor average value of the current, but to the square of the instantaneous current, as expressed in the familiar equation (i2 R). The process of squaring successive instantaneous values, averaging the square, and extracting the square root, is quite tedious and laborious. After reviewing some prominent labor-saving methods the writer points out that the root-mean-square (R M S) value can be quickly calculated mechanically by a device, invented some sixty-five years ago and widely used for other purposes. Fig. 3 shows the picture of this device, called Amsler's Mechanical Integrator.
{"title":"Mechanical computation of root mean square values","authors":"L. A. Umansky","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6592190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6592190","url":null,"abstract":"Varying values of electric current with time are practically the ever-present condition in applications of electricity. There are two main divisions: First, varying loads, producing such data as are given, for example, by the current record of a curve-drawing ammeter; the time is recorded in hours, minutes or seconds. Second, the condition of varying currents in the alternating-current waves themselves or in electrical transient phenomena, as given by a photographic record of an oscillograph (a galvanometer capable of recording instantaneous values of current). The time is here recorded in thousandths of a second. In both cases the energy is proportional neither to the instantaneous nor average value of the current, but to the square of the instantaneous current, as expressed in the familiar equation (i2 R). The process of squaring successive instantaneous values, averaging the square, and extracting the square root, is quite tedious and laborious. After reviewing some prominent labor-saving methods the writer points out that the root-mean-square (R M S) value can be quickly calculated mechanically by a device, invented some sixty-five years ago and widely used for other purposes. Fig. 3 shows the picture of this device, called Amsler's Mechanical Integrator.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124985118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-10-01DOI: 10.1109/T-AIEE.1926.5061319
W. T. Dempsey
Adoption of the multiple system for street lighting circuits in many cities has prompted the design of various types of devices for remote control of these circuits. One type of switching device offering many advantages is illustrated in Fig. 1.
{"title":"Remote control of multiple street lighting","authors":"W. T. Dempsey","doi":"10.1109/T-AIEE.1926.5061319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/T-AIEE.1926.5061319","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption of the multiple system for street lighting circuits in many cities has prompted the design of various types of devices for remote control of these circuits. One type of switching device offering many advantages is illustrated in Fig. 1.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"3 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120928029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-10-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6592187
Steinmetz, Slepian, Peters
H. R. Woodrow: In both papers, the maximum surge potentials have been given neglecting the absorption of our systems, and I believe experience would show that the actual potential rise is less than that given in either one of the two papers particularly on underground systems. This factor has been brought out in connection with some tests which have recently been conducted and which I hope someone will discuss later.
{"title":"Discussion at Spring convention: Frequency conversion by third class conductor and mechanism of the arcing ground and other cumulative surges: Voltages induced by arcing grounds","authors":"Steinmetz, Slepian, Peters","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6592187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6592187","url":null,"abstract":"H. R. Woodrow: In both papers, the maximum surge potentials have been given neglecting the absorption of our systems, and I believe experience would show that the actual potential rise is less than that given in either one of the two papers particularly on underground systems. This factor has been brought out in connection with some tests which have recently been conducted and which I hope someone will discuss later.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124827464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-10-01DOI: 10.1109/T-AIEE.1923.5060906
H. D. Arnold, L. Espenschied
The first transmission of the human voice across the Atlantic was accomplished by means of radio in 1915. Since that time substantial progress has been made in the art of radio telephony and in January of this year another important step was taken in the accomplishment of transoceanic voice communication. At a prearranged time telephonic messages were received in London from New York clearly and with uniform intensity over a period of about two hours. These recent talking tests were part of a series of experiments on transatlantic telephony which are now under way, the results of which to date are reported in the paper. A new method of transmission radiating only a single side-band is being employed for the first time. As compared with the ordinary method of transmission, this system possesses the following important advantages: The effectiveness of transmission is greatly increased because all of the energy radiated is effective in conveying the message; whereas in the ordinary method, most of the energy is not thus effective. The stability of transmission is improved. The frequency band required for transmission is reduced, thus conserving wave length space in the ether and also simplifying the transmitting antenna problem. An important element of the high-power transmitter is the water-cooled tubes, by means of which the power of the transmitted currents is amplified to the order of 100 kilowatts or more. The direct-current power for these tubes is supplied from a 60-cycle, a-c. source through water-cooled rectifier tubes. A highly selective and stable type of receiving circuit is employed. Methods and apparatus have been developed for measuring the strength of the electromagnetic field which is delivered to the receiving point and for measuring the interference produced by static. The transmission tests so far have been conducted on a wave length of 5260 meters (57,000 cycles per second). The results of the measurements during the first quarter of the year on the transmission from the United States to England show large diurnal variations in the strength of the received signal and in the radio noise strength, as is to be expected, and correspondingly large diurnal variations in the ratio of the signal to noise strength and in the resulting reception of spoken words. Also, the measurements, although as yet incomplete, show a large seasonal variation. The character of the diurnal and seasonal variations is clearly indicated in the figures. The curves present the most accurate and complete data of this kind yet obtained.
{"title":"Transatlantic radio telephony","authors":"H. D. Arnold, L. Espenschied","doi":"10.1109/T-AIEE.1923.5060906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/T-AIEE.1923.5060906","url":null,"abstract":"The first transmission of the human voice across the Atlantic was accomplished by means of radio in 1915. Since that time substantial progress has been made in the art of radio telephony and in January of this year another important step was taken in the accomplishment of transoceanic voice communication. At a prearranged time telephonic messages were received in London from New York clearly and with uniform intensity over a period of about two hours. These recent talking tests were part of a series of experiments on transatlantic telephony which are now under way, the results of which to date are reported in the paper. A new method of transmission radiating only a single side-band is being employed for the first time. As compared with the ordinary method of transmission, this system possesses the following important advantages: The effectiveness of transmission is greatly increased because all of the energy radiated is effective in conveying the message; whereas in the ordinary method, most of the energy is not thus effective. The stability of transmission is improved. The frequency band required for transmission is reduced, thus conserving wave length space in the ether and also simplifying the transmitting antenna problem. An important element of the high-power transmitter is the water-cooled tubes, by means of which the power of the transmitted currents is amplified to the order of 100 kilowatts or more. The direct-current power for these tubes is supplied from a 60-cycle, a-c. source through water-cooled rectifier tubes. A highly selective and stable type of receiving circuit is employed. Methods and apparatus have been developed for measuring the strength of the electromagnetic field which is delivered to the receiving point and for measuring the interference produced by static. The transmission tests so far have been conducted on a wave length of 5260 meters (57,000 cycles per second). The results of the measurements during the first quarter of the year on the transmission from the United States to England show large diurnal variations in the strength of the received signal and in the radio noise strength, as is to be expected, and correspondingly large diurnal variations in the ratio of the signal to noise strength and in the resulting reception of spoken words. Also, the measurements, although as yet incomplete, show a large seasonal variation. The character of the diurnal and seasonal variations is clearly indicated in the figures. The curves present the most accurate and complete data of this kind yet obtained.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124924994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-09-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593376
Phelps, Tanzer
J. L. R. Hayden: The great value of Messrs. Phelps and Tanzer's paper is its method of indicating the gradual deterioration of a cable insulation. This makes it possible to determine the approach of a failure sufficiently, so that the cable can be broken down out of service by high-potential test, and repaired before it gives trouble in service.
J. L. R.海登:菲尔普斯先生和坦泽先生的论文的巨大价值在于它指出电缆绝缘逐渐恶化的方法。这使得充分确定故障的途径成为可能，以便电缆可以通过高电位测试中断服务，并在服务出现问题之前进行修复。
{"title":"A new method for the routine testing of A-C. high-voltage paper-insulated cable","authors":"Phelps, Tanzer","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593376","url":null,"abstract":"J. L. R. Hayden: The great value of Messrs. Phelps and Tanzer's paper is its method of indicating the gradual deterioration of a cable insulation. This makes it possible to determine the approach of a failure sufficiently, so that the cable can be broken down out of service by high-potential test, and repaired before it gives trouble in service.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114410217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-09-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593383
A. Bettis
Two radical departures have been made in the installation of a new street-lighting system in Kansas City, Mo. These are the removal of all street-lighting equipment in each of seven substations, and the placing of a large part of the lamp circuits underground, a special cable buried in the earth without ducts save at street crossings being used. Ducts are used at street crossings to facilitate repairs in case of cable burnouts or other breakdowns. The removal of all of the usual series transformer and switching equipment from the substations means the saving of a great amount of valuable space and in some cases obviated the necessity of special substations for the street-lighting equipment. This in itself has meant a material saving in expense. The placing of the series circuits underground has enabled the use of a simple and attractive ornamental post on streets where there are no street-car lines. On the streets with street-car lines and steel trolley poles, the conductors being carried overhead. The plans which were followed made possible the avoidance of the unsightly wiring and lamp supports that overhead construction usually involves. These results have been attained because it was possible to start with a comparatively clean slate, much of the previous street lighting having been with gas.
{"title":"Illumination items: By the lighting and illumination committee: New practises in street lighting","authors":"A. Bettis","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593383","url":null,"abstract":"Two radical departures have been made in the installation of a new street-lighting system in Kansas City, Mo. These are the removal of all street-lighting equipment in each of seven substations, and the placing of a large part of the lamp circuits underground, a special cable buried in the earth without ducts save at street crossings being used. Ducts are used at street crossings to facilitate repairs in case of cable burnouts or other breakdowns. The removal of all of the usual series transformer and switching equipment from the substations means the saving of a great amount of valuable space and in some cases obviated the necessity of special substations for the street-lighting equipment. This in itself has meant a material saving in expense. The placing of the series circuits underground has enabled the use of a simple and attractive ornamental post on streets where there are no street-car lines. On the streets with street-car lines and steel trolley poles, the conductors being carried overhead. The plans which were followed made possible the avoidance of the unsightly wiring and lamp supports that overhead construction usually involves. These results have been attained because it was possible to start with a comparatively clean slate, much of the previous street lighting having been with gas.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132311156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-09-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593374
Terman
C. L. Fortescue: Referring to Mr. Frederick Terman's paper on Measurement of Transients, this question of the Measurement of Transients of transmission lines and in apparatus connected to transmission lines, is becoming of great importance. However, there are surges of several kinds; we may have surges of very high voltage, which last for a very short time, so short that they do not do any damage.
C. L. Fortescue:参考弗雷德里克·特曼先生关于暂态测量的论文，输电线路和与输电线路相连的设备的暂态测量问题变得非常重要。然而，有几种类型的激增;我们可能会遇到非常高电压的浪涌，它持续的时间很短，短到不会造成任何损害。
{"title":"Discussion at Midwinter convention: Discussion (continued) on “measurement of transients”","authors":"Terman","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593374","url":null,"abstract":"C. L. Fortescue: Referring to Mr. Frederick Terman's paper on Measurement of Transients, this question of the Measurement of Transients of transmission lines and in apparatus connected to transmission lines, is becoming of great importance. However, there are surges of several kinds; we may have surges of very high voltage, which last for a very short time, so short that they do not do any damage.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124596684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-09-01DOI: 10.1109/joaiee.1923.6593381
J. W. Legg
THE oscillograph has emerged from the obscurity of scientific laboratories and from the test departments of great electrical industries so that today it is occasionally seen on a rapidly accelerating elevated train, in a soaring air-plane, in a destroyer dashing through a rough sea, on the polished top of a conference table, and, in each case, operating as perfectly as though it were in a well-equipped laboratory.
{"title":"Expansion of oscillography by the portable instrument","authors":"J. W. Legg","doi":"10.1109/joaiee.1923.6593381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/joaiee.1923.6593381","url":null,"abstract":"THE oscillograph has emerged from the obscurity of scientific laboratories and from the test departments of great electrical industries so that today it is occasionally seen on a rapidly accelerating elevated train, in a soaring air-plane, in a destroyer dashing through a rough sea, on the polished top of a conference table, and, in each case, operating as perfectly as though it were in a well-equipped laboratory.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116520392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1923-08-01DOI: 10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593471
H. B. Dwight
A precise method of calculation is describ d for determining the skin effect in isolated tubular conductors. This may be used where more accurate results are desired than are given by the curves and approximate methods of calculation previously published by the writer. The present calculation requires the use of certain numerical values of Bessel functions, a table for which is given. Asymptotic series for calculating them are given, which are complete with their general terms. An example is worked out, and the result checked up with the published curves.
{"title":"A precise method of calculation of skin effect in isolated tubes","authors":"H. B. Dwight","doi":"10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOAIEE.1923.6593471","url":null,"abstract":"A precise method of calculation is describ d for determining the skin effect in isolated tubular conductors. This may be used where more accurate results are desired than are given by the curves and approximate methods of calculation previously published by the writer. The present calculation requires the use of certain numerical values of Bessel functions, a table for which is given. Asymptotic series for calculating them are given, which are complete with their general terms. An example is worked out, and the result checked up with the published curves.","PeriodicalId":268640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1923-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116661848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：