Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.04.05
V. Moisiienko, T. Tymoshchuk
Аіm. To determine the specifics of the formation of millet productivity as well as of grain quality indicators depending on the varietal features and a predecessor under conditions of Polissia. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical and comparative-calculation methods. The study of the adaptive capacity of the millet varieties “Kharkivske 57” and “Vitrylo“ was conducted during the period of 2018–2020 on the sod-podzolic sandy-loam soils of Polissia. Results. As follows from the results of the study the rational choice of the predecessor promotes to the formation of the millet yield potential of 2.71–3.55 t/hаwith the protein content in seeds – 12.1–13.2 % under favourable conditions in Polissia. The millet variety ”Vitrylo” showed the highest level of the genetic potential realization, its yield was by 0.11–0.28 % t/ha higher as compared with “Kyivske 96” variety depending on a predecessor. Conclusions. The dependence of the formation of millet productivity and of the mass of 1000 seeds depending on the predecessor was studied. On the average the increase in the grain yield during the years of study equaled 0.50–0.73 t/ha under a millet sowing after bare fallow and buckwheat. The cultivation of the varieties “Kyivske 76” and “Vitrylo” after bare fallow and buckwheat promotes to an increase of 1000 seeds mass up to 8.4–9.1 and 9.1–9.3 g respectively. The results of a chemical composition of millet grain depending on the biological varietal features and a predecessor are given. The sowing of the millet varieties “Kyivske 76” and “Vitrylo” after bare fallow promotes to an increase in the amount of protein up to 12.7 and 13.5 % respectively. The study of millet varieties reaction on the innovative elements of the adaptive cultivation technologies under Polissia conditions are prospective.
{"title":"The optimization of the elements of the cultivation technology of Panicum Miliaceum L. under conditions of Polissia","authors":"V. Moisiienko, T. Tymoshchuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"Аіm. To determine the specifics of the formation of millet productivity as well as of grain quality indicators depending on the varietal features and a predecessor under conditions of Polissia. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical and comparative-calculation methods. The study of the adaptive capacity of the millet varieties “Kharkivske 57” and “Vitrylo“ was conducted during the period of 2018–2020 on the sod-podzolic sandy-loam soils of Polissia. Results. As follows from the results of the study the rational choice of the predecessor promotes to the formation of the millet yield potential of 2.71–3.55 t/hаwith the protein content in seeds – 12.1–13.2 % under favourable conditions in Polissia. The millet variety ”Vitrylo” showed the highest level of the genetic potential realization, its yield was by 0.11–0.28 % t/ha higher as compared with “Kyivske 96” variety depending on a predecessor. Conclusions. The dependence of the formation of millet productivity and of the mass of 1000 seeds depending on the predecessor was studied. On the average the increase in the grain yield during the years of study equaled 0.50–0.73 t/ha under a millet sowing after bare fallow and buckwheat. The cultivation of the varieties “Kyivske 76” and “Vitrylo” after bare fallow and buckwheat promotes to an increase of 1000 seeds mass up to 8.4–9.1 and 9.1–9.3 g respectively. The results of a chemical composition of millet grain depending on the biological varietal features and a predecessor are given. The sowing of the millet varieties “Kyivske 76” and “Vitrylo” after bare fallow promotes to an increase in the amount of protein up to 12.7 and 13.5 % respectively. The study of millet varieties reaction on the innovative elements of the adaptive cultivation technologies under Polissia conditions are prospective.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114222182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.04.03
I. Malynovska, M. Tkachenko, I. Kondratiuk
Aim. The study of the regularities of the formation of connections between separate groups of microorganisms in the composition of gray forest soil groups for the cultivation of white lupine and winter wheat with the use of different systems of fertilization, liming, plowing by-products of crop production and indicators of potential and effective fertility. Methods. Microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. The research was carried out in the polygon monitoring system on the basis of the stationary experiment of the department of agro-soil science and soil microbiology of the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of NAAS» «Development and improvement of intensive technologies for growing agricultural crops on the basis of extended reproduction of soil fertility». Results. It was established that the number of microorganisms of many eco-trophic, systematic and functional groups, their physiological and biochemical activity, the intensity and direction of mineralization processes are correlated with the indicators of the potential fertility of the gray forest soil. The number of ammonifiers in the 0-20 cm soil layer correlates with the value of saline pH (r = 0.385), the content of nitrogen (–0.445), phosphorus (0.774), potassium (0.804); in the soil layer 20−40 cm: with hydrolytic acidity (–0.710), pH of salt (0.730), the content of mobile compounds of aluminum (–0.430), phosphorus (0.640), exchangeable calcium (0.506) and humus (0.505). The number of immobilizers of mineral nitrogen correlates in the 0–20 cm soil layer with the value of exchangeable acidity (0.338), the content of phosphorus (0.440), potassium (0.410), mobile compounds of aluminum (–0.386); in the 20-40 cm soil layer: with hydrolytic acidity (–0.403), saline pH (0.355), exchangeable acidity (–0.542), content of mobile compounds of aluminum (–0.575), nitrogen (–0.365). The total number of microorganisms in the 0–20 cm soil layer correlates with the content of nitrogen (–0.434), phosphorus (0.481), potassium (0.522), exchangeable magnesium (–0.418); in the soil layer 20-40 cm: with hydrolytic acidity (–0.493), pH of salt (0.520), the amount of exchangeable acidity (–0.359), the content of mobile aluminum compounds (–0.465), the content of phosphorus (0.368), exchangeable magnesium (–0.412), humus (0.352). The inverse nature of the relationship between the total number of microorganisms and the content of nitrogen compounds in the soil indicates that the legume culture of white lupine in the flowering stage no longer depends on the nitrogen content in the soil, consuming symbiotrophic nitrogen for growth and development. Conclusions. It has been established that the systems of diagnostic indicators of effective soil fertility for winter wheat and white lupine differ significantly, and it may be necessary to create different systems of diagnostic indicators for grain and leguminous crops, since they differ in plant physiology.
{"title":"Relationships between the number of microorganisms and indicators of potential and effective fertility of gray forest soil for cultivation of white lupine and winter wheat","authors":"I. Malynovska, M. Tkachenko, I. Kondratiuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The study of the regularities of the formation of connections between separate groups of microorganisms in the composition of gray forest soil groups for the cultivation of white lupine and winter wheat with the use of different systems of fertilization, liming, plowing by-products of crop production and indicators of potential and effective fertility. Methods. Microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. The research was carried out in the polygon monitoring system on the basis of the stationary experiment of the department of agro-soil science and soil microbiology of the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of NAAS» «Development and improvement of intensive technologies for growing agricultural crops on the basis of extended reproduction of soil fertility». Results. It was established that the number of microorganisms of many eco-trophic, systematic and functional groups, their physiological and biochemical activity, the intensity and direction of mineralization processes are correlated with the indicators of the potential fertility of the gray forest soil. The number of ammonifiers in the 0-20 cm soil layer correlates with the value of saline pH (r = 0.385), the content of nitrogen (–0.445), phosphorus (0.774), potassium (0.804); in the soil layer 20−40 cm: with hydrolytic acidity (–0.710), pH of salt (0.730), the content of mobile compounds of aluminum (–0.430), phosphorus (0.640), exchangeable calcium (0.506) and humus (0.505). The number of immobilizers of mineral nitrogen correlates in the 0–20 cm soil layer with the value of exchangeable acidity (0.338), the content of phosphorus (0.440), potassium (0.410), mobile compounds of aluminum (–0.386); in the 20-40 cm soil layer: with hydrolytic acidity (–0.403), saline pH (0.355), exchangeable acidity (–0.542), content of mobile compounds of aluminum (–0.575), nitrogen (–0.365). The total number of microorganisms in the 0–20 cm soil layer correlates with the content of nitrogen (–0.434), phosphorus (0.481), potassium (0.522), exchangeable magnesium (–0.418); in the soil layer 20-40 cm: with hydrolytic acidity (–0.493), pH of salt (0.520), the amount of exchangeable acidity (–0.359), the content of mobile aluminum compounds (–0.465), the content of phosphorus (0.368), exchangeable magnesium (–0.412), humus (0.352). The inverse nature of the relationship between the total number of microorganisms and the content of nitrogen compounds in the soil indicates that the legume culture of white lupine in the flowering stage no longer depends on the nitrogen content in the soil, consuming symbiotrophic nitrogen for growth and development. Conclusions. It has been established that the systems of diagnostic indicators of effective soil fertility for winter wheat and white lupine differ significantly, and it may be necessary to create different systems of diagnostic indicators for grain and leguminous crops, since they differ in plant physiology.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131946488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.04.06
A. Holodna, O.H. Lyubchich
Aim. To assess the impact of the elements of the narrow-leaved lupine growing technology, as well as their combination, in today's weather conditions in order to determine the optimal technology model in the Northern Forest Steppe, which will ensure the stable maximum possible realization of the genetic potential of the varieties, obtaining quality products. Methods. The field (to study the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors); the morphophysiological (for biological control of the development of productivity elements according to the stages of organogenesis); the weight (for setting the parameters of the indicators of the elements of the crop structure and determining the grain yield); the statistical (statistical processing of research results). Results. In the article analyzes the results of research conducted on gray forest soil in the conditions of the Northern Forest Steppe. The influence on the growth, vegetative and generative development of plants, the formation of productivity of such agricultural measures as fertilizers, timing, methods of sowing and sowing rates of narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Pelikan variety, biological preparations and plant growth stimulants are shown. With a different combination of elements in the growing technology, it is possible to obtain a grain yield of narrow-leaved lupine from 2.15 to 2.82 t/ha. The most favorable conditions for the formation of the maximum grain yield (2.82 t/ha) and the collection of raw protein (1.02 t/ha) were in the version with the application of N68Р48K66, sowing by the wide-row method (width between rows 45 cm), the rate of seed sowing 1.2 million units/ha), treated with a preparation based on a strain of nodule bacteria and a plant growth stimulator. When sowing by the usual row method with a row spacing of 15 cm and a seeding rate of 1.4 million units/ha, the productivity decreased by 4.0–8.2%. Conclusions. To maximize the potential of narrow-leaved lupine varieties, the cultivation technology must take into account the peculiarities of the impact of agrotechnical measures and hydrothermal conditions during the growing season of the crop on the process of crop formation and its quality in order to reduce risks and losses.
{"title":"The optimization of elements of growing technology of narrow-leafed lupine (Lupines Angustifolius L.) in the Northern Forest Steppe","authors":"A. Holodna, O.H. Lyubchich","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To assess the impact of the elements of the narrow-leaved lupine growing technology, as well as their combination, in today's weather conditions in order to determine the optimal technology model in the Northern Forest Steppe, which will ensure the stable maximum possible realization of the genetic potential of the varieties, obtaining quality products. Methods. The field (to study the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors); the morphophysiological (for biological control of the development of productivity elements according to the stages of organogenesis); the weight (for setting the parameters of the indicators of the elements of the crop structure and determining the grain yield); the statistical (statistical processing of research results). Results. In the article analyzes the results of research conducted on gray forest soil in the conditions of the Northern Forest Steppe. The influence on the growth, vegetative and generative development of plants, the formation of productivity of such agricultural measures as fertilizers, timing, methods of sowing and sowing rates of narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Pelikan variety, biological preparations and plant growth stimulants are shown. With a different combination of elements in the growing technology, it is possible to obtain a grain yield of narrow-leaved lupine from 2.15 to 2.82 t/ha. The most favorable conditions for the formation of the maximum grain yield (2.82 t/ha) and the collection of raw protein (1.02 t/ha) were in the version with the application of N68Р48K66, sowing by the wide-row method (width between rows 45 cm), the rate of seed sowing 1.2 million units/ha), treated with a preparation based on a strain of nodule bacteria and a plant growth stimulator. When sowing by the usual row method with a row spacing of 15 cm and a seeding rate of 1.4 million units/ha, the productivity decreased by 4.0–8.2%. Conclusions. To maximize the potential of narrow-leaved lupine varieties, the cultivation technology must take into account the peculiarities of the impact of agrotechnical measures and hydrothermal conditions during the growing season of the crop on the process of crop formation and its quality in order to reduce risks and losses.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130923653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.04.09
S. Trush, O.O. Parfenіuk, L.O. Balanіuk, V.M. Tatarchuk
Aim. Creation of combination-capable lines of multi-sprout pollinators of sugar beets of different levels of homozygosity, establishment of criteria for their selection based on basic productivity, reproductive capacity and hybridization potential at various stages of the selection process for the formation of parental components of hybrids on the cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) basis. Methods. Field (experiments, phenological observations), laboratory (to determine sugar content), measuring and weighing (to determine the crop structure), statistical (mathematical processing of research results). The research was carried out at the Tobacco Research Station of the National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences" in the laboratory of sugar beet breeding during the 2015–2021. The starting material was three hybrid multi-sprout populations of sugar beet Um. 17/02-1705, Um. 21/01-33 and Um. 14/05-752. Linear materials were obtained by the inbreeding method. Results. It was established that the lines of multi-sprout pollinators of sugar beets of the second-third generations of inbreeding (I2-I3) are characterized by the highest productivity. The yield of root crops exceeded the standard by 8.1–9.3%, sugar content by 8.6–8.8% and sugar collection by 16.5–17.9%. As the depth of inbreeding increases, the quality of pollen deteriorates sharply. If in the lines of the first generation of inbreeding (I1), the fertility of pollen in plants of of multi-sprout pollinators was 95.1%, then in the lines of the fifth generation (I5) it decreased to 31.0%. The number of non-viable pollen grains in them was 72.2%, seed germination was 29%. Experimental hybrids with the best performance were obtained by using as pollinators lines of the second to third generations of inbreeding. According to the complex characteristic "sugar collection", they exceeded the group standard by 19.7–21.3%. Conclusions. It has been established that for the formation of line materials of sugar beet multi-sprout pollinators, as parent components of hybrids on а CMS basis, the main criterias for the selection of valuable plant genotypes, in addition to the hybridization potential, are high level of their basic productivity and reproductive capacity. The best experimental sugar beet hybrids were obtained by using lines of multi-sprout pollinators of the second to third inbreeding generations.
{"title":"Breeding value of multi-sprout pollinator lines of different inbreeding generations as parental components of sugar beet hybrids on а CMS basis","authors":"S. Trush, O.O. Parfenіuk, L.O. Balanіuk, V.M. Tatarchuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.04.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.04.09","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Creation of combination-capable lines of multi-sprout pollinators of sugar beets of different levels of homozygosity, establishment of criteria for their selection based on basic productivity, reproductive capacity and hybridization potential at various stages of the selection process for the formation of parental components of hybrids on the cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) basis. Methods. Field (experiments, phenological observations), laboratory (to determine sugar content), measuring and weighing (to determine the crop structure), statistical (mathematical processing of research results). The research was carried out at the Tobacco Research Station of the National Scientific Center \"Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences\" in the laboratory of sugar beet breeding during the 2015–2021. The starting material was three hybrid multi-sprout populations of sugar beet Um. 17/02-1705, Um. 21/01-33 and Um. 14/05-752. Linear materials were obtained by the inbreeding method. Results. It was established that the lines of multi-sprout pollinators of sugar beets of the second-third generations of inbreeding (I2-I3) are characterized by the highest productivity. The yield of root crops exceeded the standard by 8.1–9.3%, sugar content by 8.6–8.8% and sugar collection by 16.5–17.9%. As the depth of inbreeding increases, the quality of pollen deteriorates sharply. If in the lines of the first generation of inbreeding (I1), the fertility of pollen in plants of of multi-sprout pollinators was 95.1%, then in the lines of the fifth generation (I5) it decreased to 31.0%. The number of non-viable pollen grains in them was 72.2%, seed germination was 29%. Experimental hybrids with the best performance were obtained by using as pollinators lines of the second to third generations of inbreeding. According to the complex characteristic \"sugar collection\", they exceeded the group standard by 19.7–21.3%. Conclusions. It has been established that for the formation of line materials of sugar beet multi-sprout pollinators, as parent components of hybrids on а CMS basis, the main criterias for the selection of valuable plant genotypes, in addition to the hybridization potential, are high level of their basic productivity and reproductive capacity. The best experimental sugar beet hybrids were obtained by using lines of multi-sprout pollinators of the second to third inbreeding generations.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124754550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.04.10
I.V. Rasevych, O. Demydenko
Aim. Identification of modern features of innovative activity in the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine on the example of the Cherkasy region. Methods. Sociological, economic, expert, technological, statistical, marketing. Results. In the modern economy of the Cherkasy region, innovations are an effective means of increasing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, since their goal is to create new products and enter new markets, inflow of investments and decrease the cost of production. The innovative activity of regional scientific agricultural institutions today is required the intensification of research against the background of increased competition in the market and the wide introduction of Ukrainian products into the world economy. The experience of economically developed countries is showed that the effectiveness of innovative activities and the degree of involvement of commodity producers in the innovation process largely determine the success of entering the world agricultural market and the competitiveness of agricultural commodity producers. This is placed high requirements on the modernization of the domestic agricultural industry and the development, implementation and use of innovations in this area, making it one of the key principles of strategic development. But there are still a large number of unresolved issues regarding the introduction of domestic innovations: low solvency of agricultural enterprises, imperfect support for innovative activities at the state level, high risk when introducing new technologies, lack of qualified specialists in the field of innovation, lack of an established financial mechanism for the innovative development of agricultural enterprises. The most pressing issue is the modification of completed scientific developments into a knowledge-intensive innovative product, as well as its further implementation. Conclusions. Unfortunately, the interaction between science and business in the state is very weak and underdeveloped. That is why a significant number of promising and interesting innovations are not commercialized and agricultural enterprises lose the opportunity for modern innovative development, which is especially important in the conditions of wartime and the post-war period.
{"title":"Innovations as the main factor of agricultural development at the regional level","authors":"I.V. Rasevych, O. Demydenko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.04.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.04.10","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Identification of modern features of innovative activity in the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine on the example of the Cherkasy region. Methods. Sociological, economic, expert, technological, statistical, marketing. Results. In the modern economy of the Cherkasy region, innovations are an effective means of increasing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises, since their goal is to create new products and enter new markets, inflow of investments and decrease the cost of production. The innovative activity of regional scientific agricultural institutions today is required the intensification of research against the background of increased competition in the market and the wide introduction of Ukrainian products into the world economy. The experience of economically developed countries is showed that the effectiveness of innovative activities and the degree of involvement of commodity producers in the innovation process largely determine the success of entering the world agricultural market and the competitiveness of agricultural commodity producers. This is placed high requirements on the modernization of the domestic agricultural industry and the development, implementation and use of innovations in this area, making it one of the key principles of strategic development. But there are still a large number of unresolved issues regarding the introduction of domestic innovations: low solvency of agricultural enterprises, imperfect support for innovative activities at the state level, high risk when introducing new technologies, lack of qualified specialists in the field of innovation, lack of an established financial mechanism for the innovative development of agricultural enterprises. The most pressing issue is the modification of completed scientific developments into a knowledge-intensive innovative product, as well as its further implementation. Conclusions. Unfortunately, the interaction between science and business in the state is very weak and underdeveloped. That is why a significant number of promising and interesting innovations are not commercialized and agricultural enterprises lose the opportunity for modern innovative development, which is especially important in the conditions of wartime and the post-war period.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133678354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.04.04
H. Davydiuk, L. Shkarivska, I. Klymenko, N. Dovbash, M.A. Kushchuk, V. Hirnyk
Aim. To analyze the state of the soil, natural waters and vegetable products to identify the negative impact of anthropogenic pressure on the residential area of the village. Samchyky Khmelnytsky district, Khmelnytsky region. Methods. The method of route monitoring was used for the research. Chemical-analytical studies were carried out by methods that correspond to the regulatory framework of Ukraine. Results. The analyzed soil samples had a very high content of mobile compounds of phosphorus from 1010 to 1685 mg/kg and potassium 332 mg/kg to 420 mg/kg. The content of lead in some soil samples taken at the fallow and vegetable gardens exceeded the MPC. In the water of wells, water pipes and sources, no excess of drinking and household standards was found, except for one of the wells, where the total hardness index was 11 meq/l (standard 10 meq/l) and the calcium content was 154.3 mg/l (standard 130 mg/l). In the river of Sluch, a slight excess of the reaction of the medium pH - 8.6 (standard 6.5–8.5) and the content of Р2О5 – 0.9 mg/l (standard 0.46 mg/l) was noted. In all analyzed samples of vegetable products, nitrate contamination was not found, but almost all of them did not meet sanitary and hygienic standards for the content of lead, cadmium and nickel. Conclusions. Consequently, the analysis of the state of the residential area with. Samchyky Khmelnytsky district, Khmelnytsky region showed that one of the main factors influencing its ecological safety is the anthropogenic load, which leads to the accumulation of biogenic elements and pollutants in soils, natural waters and vegetable products. Monitoring the state of residential areas and establishing the features of migration and accumulation of biogenic elements and ecotoxicants is a promising area of research for the development of measures to prevent pollution of soil, groundwater, open water bodies and crop products.
{"title":"The influence of anthropogenic human activity on the components of the environment in a rural settlement of the Khmelnytsk region","authors":"H. Davydiuk, L. Shkarivska, I. Klymenko, N. Dovbash, M.A. Kushchuk, V. Hirnyk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To analyze the state of the soil, natural waters and vegetable products to identify the negative impact of anthropogenic pressure on the residential area of the village. Samchyky Khmelnytsky district, Khmelnytsky region. Methods. The method of route monitoring was used for the research. Chemical-analytical studies were carried out by methods that correspond to the regulatory framework of Ukraine. Results. The analyzed soil samples had a very high content of mobile compounds of phosphorus from 1010 to 1685 mg/kg and potassium 332 mg/kg to 420 mg/kg. The content of lead in some soil samples taken at the fallow and vegetable gardens exceeded the MPC. In the water of wells, water pipes and sources, no excess of drinking and household standards was found, except for one of the wells, where the total hardness index was 11 meq/l (standard 10 meq/l) and the calcium content was 154.3 mg/l (standard 130 mg/l). In the river of Sluch, a slight excess of the reaction of the medium pH - 8.6 (standard 6.5–8.5) and the content of Р2О5 – 0.9 mg/l (standard 0.46 mg/l) was noted. In all analyzed samples of vegetable products, nitrate contamination was not found, but almost all of them did not meet sanitary and hygienic standards for the content of lead, cadmium and nickel. Conclusions. Consequently, the analysis of the state of the residential area with. Samchyky Khmelnytsky district, Khmelnytsky region showed that one of the main factors influencing its ecological safety is the anthropogenic load, which leads to the accumulation of biogenic elements and pollutants in soils, natural waters and vegetable products. Monitoring the state of residential areas and establishing the features of migration and accumulation of biogenic elements and ecotoxicants is a promising area of research for the development of measures to prevent pollution of soil, groundwater, open water bodies and crop products.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121241501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.03.06
V. Kaminska, V. Yula, B.V. Mushyk, O.F. Dudka, М.А. Porodko
Aim. To evaluate the nature of changes in weather conditions during the years of research and to reveal the level of dependence of the effectiveness of precursors, doses of mineral fertilizers, foliar fertilization in the main phases of plant growth and development, and growth stimulator against the background of integrated protection on the yield of spring barley of the Viraj variety. Methods. Field – a long-term experiment on the study of biotic and abiotic factors, measurement-weighing – for recording the crop yield, comparative – for calculating the dependence of the crop yield on the action of the studied factors, weighting – for recording the indicators of the elements of the crop structure and determining the yield of the crop, statistical. Results. The assessment of changes in weather conditions for 2016–2020 was carried out and the regularities of the dependence of the effectiveness of precursors, mineral fertilizers, foliar fertilization and growth stimulator on the yield of Viraj spring barley were established.It was found that in the conditions of climate change, the best conditions for optimizing the processes of growth and development of spring barley plants, which contribute to the maximum realization of the productivity potential of the variety, are observed when it is placed in the crop rotation after corn for grain, which ensured a higher efficiency of the aftereffect of mineral fertilizers, with the main application directly under the studied culture N45P90K90 and N45 at the IV stage of organogenesis. Conclusions. In the northern part of the right-bank forest-steppe, there is a significant fluctuation of weather conditions, which is characterized by an increase in the temperature regime and a decrease in the amount of precipitation. The advantages of corn for grain over soybeans, as a precursor of spring barley on fertilized backgrounds and soybeans on unfertilized ones, have been revealed. Among the doses of mineral fertilizers that were studied, the maximum level of grain yield (5.06 t/ha and 4.71 t/ha according to predecessors) on average for 2016–2020 was provided by the introduction of P90K90N(45+45) under the studied culture.
{"title":"Efficiency of the elements of the technology of growing barley ardent fallow under weather conditions","authors":"V. Kaminska, V. Yula, B.V. Mushyk, O.F. Dudka, М.А. Porodko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To evaluate the nature of changes in weather conditions during the years of research and to reveal the level of dependence of the effectiveness of precursors, doses of mineral fertilizers, foliar fertilization in the main phases of plant growth and development, and growth stimulator against the background of integrated protection on the yield of spring barley of the Viraj variety. Methods. Field – a long-term experiment on the study of biotic and abiotic factors, measurement-weighing – for recording the crop yield, comparative – for calculating the dependence of the crop yield on the action of the studied factors, weighting – for recording the indicators of the elements of the crop structure and determining the yield of the crop, statistical. Results. The assessment of changes in weather conditions for 2016–2020 was carried out and the regularities of the dependence of the effectiveness of precursors, mineral fertilizers, foliar fertilization and growth stimulator on the yield of Viraj spring barley were established.It was found that in the conditions of climate change, the best conditions for optimizing the processes of growth and development of spring barley plants, which contribute to the maximum realization of the productivity potential of the variety, are observed when it is placed in the crop rotation after corn for grain, which ensured a higher efficiency of the aftereffect of mineral fertilizers, with the main application directly under the studied culture N45P90K90 and N45 at the IV stage of organogenesis. Conclusions. In the northern part of the right-bank forest-steppe, there is a significant fluctuation of weather conditions, which is characterized by an increase in the temperature regime and a decrease in the amount of precipitation. The advantages of corn for grain over soybeans, as a precursor of spring barley on fertilized backgrounds and soybeans on unfertilized ones, have been revealed. Among the doses of mineral fertilizers that were studied, the maximum level of grain yield (5.06 t/ha and 4.71 t/ha according to predecessors) on average for 2016–2020 was provided by the introduction of P90K90N(45+45) under the studied culture.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115339562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.03.08
O.Z. Shcherbyna, O. Tymoshenko, T. Levchenko, T. Baidiuk, O. Veresenko, A.V. Hurenko
Aim. Comparative assessment of new promising numbers of winter rape by a complex of economic and valuable traits in nurseries of the breeding process and selection of the best of them for further testing. Methods. In 2019–2021, in the nurseries of variety testing, an evaluation of the breeding material of winter rape of the breeding of the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of the NAAS” was carried out. Field studies were conducted on research fields of breeding and seed crop rotation, located in the Fastiv district of the Kyiv region. The main methods of research: measurement-weighing, analytical, calculation-comparative, mathematical-statistical. Analyzes to determine the biochemical composition of seeds were carried out by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results. The breeding material was primarily analyzed for seed yield and oil content, as well as the content of erucic acid in oil, glucosinolates in meal, and protein content in seeds. The numbers were assessed for winter hardiness, plant height and weight of 1000 seeds. Based on the results of a three-year study, the best numbers were selected based on individual valuable indicators and a set of economically important features. In the competitive variety test in terms of seed yield, the best numbers were KSV 2/21, KSV 9/21, KSV 10/21, KSV 11/21 (up to 5.18 t/ha), which are relatively resistant to lodging and diseases and have oil 00 − of zero quality. KVS numbers 9/21 and KVS 2/21 are selected for the combination of high yield and high oil content (47.4 and 48.2%), for high oil content − KVS numbers 6/21 and KVS 3/21 (47.1 and 47.3%), protein − KVS 4/21, KVS 5/21 and KVS 6/21 (23.0 −24.0%). In the preliminary variety test, the numbers PSP 21/21, PSP 17/21 and PSP 19/21 (5.10−5.42 t/ha) were selected according to the highest yield, according to the set of characteristics (increased seed yield, oil content and yield) - numbers PSP 17/21, PSP 18/21, PSP 19/21 and PSP 21/21. Number PSP 15/21 is allocated for the increased content of oil (50.0%), and number PSP 14/21 – for the combination of increased content of oil (50.3%) and protein (24.0%). In the control nursery, in terms of seed yield, content, and oil yield, the numbers KS 30/21, KS 26/21, KS 33/21, KS 39/21, KS 28/21 were characterized by the best indicators, which provided a yield level from 2.82 to 5 ,18 t/ha and oil content 47.3−49.4%. The numbers KS 34/21, KS 31/21 and KS 50/21 (from 48.4% to 49.5%) were selected for the increased oil content, protein – KS 50/21, KS 30/21 (22.0%). Conclusions. Selected numbers are valuable sources and are involved in hybridization schemes to create new breeding material with a given set of traits. The best rapeseed numbers of the winter competitive variety test are promising for transfer to the Ukrainian Institute of Plant Varieties Examination for qualification examination.
{"title":"Characteristics of new breeding material of winter rape by important economic and valuable characteristics at different stages of breeding process","authors":"O.Z. Shcherbyna, O. Tymoshenko, T. Levchenko, T. Baidiuk, O. Veresenko, A.V. Hurenko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.03.08","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Comparative assessment of new promising numbers of winter rape by a complex of economic and valuable traits in nurseries of the breeding process and selection of the best of them for further testing. Methods. In 2019–2021, in the nurseries of variety testing, an evaluation of the breeding material of winter rape of the breeding of the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of the NAAS” was carried out. Field studies were conducted on research fields of breeding and seed crop rotation, located in the Fastiv district of the Kyiv region. The main methods of research: measurement-weighing, analytical, calculation-comparative, mathematical-statistical. Analyzes to determine the biochemical composition of seeds were carried out by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Results. The breeding material was primarily analyzed for seed yield and oil content, as well as the content of erucic acid in oil, glucosinolates in meal, and protein content in seeds. The numbers were assessed for winter hardiness, plant height and weight of 1000 seeds. Based on the results of a three-year study, the best numbers were selected based on individual valuable indicators and a set of economically important features. In the competitive variety test in terms of seed yield, the best numbers were KSV 2/21, KSV 9/21, KSV 10/21, KSV 11/21 (up to 5.18 t/ha), which are relatively resistant to lodging and diseases and have oil 00 − of zero quality. KVS numbers 9/21 and KVS 2/21 are selected for the combination of high yield and high oil content (47.4 and 48.2%), for high oil content − KVS numbers 6/21 and KVS 3/21 (47.1 and 47.3%), protein − KVS 4/21, KVS 5/21 and KVS 6/21 (23.0 −24.0%). In the preliminary variety test, the numbers PSP 21/21, PSP 17/21 and PSP 19/21 (5.10−5.42 t/ha) were selected according to the highest yield, according to the set of characteristics (increased seed yield, oil content and yield) - numbers PSP 17/21, PSP 18/21, PSP 19/21 and PSP 21/21. Number PSP 15/21 is allocated for the increased content of oil (50.0%), and number PSP 14/21 – for the combination of increased content of oil (50.3%) and protein (24.0%). In the control nursery, in terms of seed yield, content, and oil yield, the numbers KS 30/21, KS 26/21, KS 33/21, KS 39/21, KS 28/21 were characterized by the best indicators, which provided a yield level from 2.82 to 5 ,18 t/ha and oil content 47.3−49.4%. The numbers KS 34/21, KS 31/21 and KS 50/21 (from 48.4% to 49.5%) were selected for the increased oil content, protein – KS 50/21, KS 30/21 (22.0%). Conclusions. Selected numbers are valuable sources and are involved in hybridization schemes to create new breeding material with a given set of traits. The best rapeseed numbers of the winter competitive variety test are promising for transfer to the Ukrainian Institute of Plant Varieties Examination for qualification examination.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115530592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.03.07
H. Demydas, S. Veiler
Aim. To establish indicators of chemical composition, nutrition and energy intensity of spring triticale and seed pea in single-species and compatible crops depending on the ratio of components and fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, analytical. Results. The results of studies on the chemical composition of fodder annual binary agrophytocenoses with the participation of triticale spring pea seed with different ratios of components and different fertilizers on black earth soils of the Forest Steppe, which were conducted annually during 2020–2022, are shown. Conclusions. The inclusion of spring peas in the leguminous-cereal mixture of triticale improves the chemical composition of the feed, increasing the content of crude protein in the dry weight of the feed from 12.9 to 14.8−16.3%, or by 1.9−3.4%. At the same time, the content of protein and crude fat in the dry mass increases, the digestibility of the dry mass in vitro − by 3−7%, the nutritional value according to the content of feed units, the energy intensity according to the content of exchangeable energy − the supply of one feed unit with digestible protein − from 83 to 112−128 g, raw ash − by 0.3−0.6%, calcium − by 0.06−0.10%, magnesium − by 0.01−0.06%, Ca:P ratio and the content of crude fiber decreases by 1.5−3.1%, potassium and the K:(Ca+Mg) ratio. With the introduction of humigran in the dry mass of triticale, pea and their compatible crops, the content of crude protein increases by 1.4−2.0%, protein – by 0.4−1.9%, and N45P45K45 − by 1.4−2,5% and 0.8−2.4%. Under the influence of these fertilizers, the content of crude fat, fodder units, exchangeable energy, supply of digestible protein, raw ash of the fodder unit in the dry weight of the forage simultaneously increases, and the content of non-nitrogenous extractive substances decreases in all grass stands.
{"title":"Сhemical composition, nutrient and energy content of feed biomass from triticale yargo and peas for different technologies of co-cultivation","authors":"H. Demydas, S. Veiler","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To establish indicators of chemical composition, nutrition and energy intensity of spring triticale and seed pea in single-species and compatible crops depending on the ratio of components and fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, analytical. Results. The results of studies on the chemical composition of fodder annual binary agrophytocenoses with the participation of triticale spring pea seed with different ratios of components and different fertilizers on black earth soils of the Forest Steppe, which were conducted annually during 2020–2022, are shown. Conclusions. The inclusion of spring peas in the leguminous-cereal mixture of triticale improves the chemical composition of the feed, increasing the content of crude protein in the dry weight of the feed from 12.9 to 14.8−16.3%, or by 1.9−3.4%. At the same time, the content of protein and crude fat in the dry mass increases, the digestibility of the dry mass in vitro − by 3−7%, the nutritional value according to the content of feed units, the energy intensity according to the content of exchangeable energy − the supply of one feed unit with digestible protein − from 83 to 112−128 g, raw ash − by 0.3−0.6%, calcium − by 0.06−0.10%, magnesium − by 0.01−0.06%, Ca:P ratio and the content of crude fiber decreases by 1.5−3.1%, potassium and the K:(Ca+Mg) ratio. With the introduction of humigran in the dry mass of triticale, pea and their compatible crops, the content of crude protein increases by 1.4−2.0%, protein – by 0.4−1.9%, and N45P45K45 − by 1.4−2,5% and 0.8−2.4%. Under the influence of these fertilizers, the content of crude fat, fodder units, exchangeable energy, supply of digestible protein, raw ash of the fodder unit in the dry weight of the forage simultaneously increases, and the content of non-nitrogenous extractive substances decreases in all grass stands.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122969595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.03.11
K. Tarnavska, T. Kovalenko
Aim. Selection of the best apple tree varieties in terms of productivity and fruit quality, which is relevant when creating plantations of an intensive type in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Evaluations were taken: productivity of plantings, crop formation, marketable qualities of fruits (weight, size, uniformity, marketability), tasting evaluation, attractiveness of fruits and their suitability for storage. The main records and observations were carried out in full compliance with generally defined methods. The marketability of fruits was determined in the garden during harvesting by sorting in accordance with the current SSTU 8133-2015 and SSTU 8323-2015. Classification of varieties by fruit size was carried out according to the unified classifier of European countries. Results. The article presents the results of the study of 24 apple varieties of Ukrainian and foreign breeding of different ripening periods in the conditions of Podillia. According to the average indicators of 2016–2020 research, the grades were evaluated according to a set of main characteristics: early fruiting, productivity, marketability, shelf life and taste of fruits. Conclusions. It was established that the best varieties are: summer type – Williams Pride, autumn type – Count Ezzo, Kodrovskoe and winter type – Fiesta, Champion Renault. They begin to bear fruit at the age of two years (Williams Pride) and three years (Count Ezzo, Kodrovskoe, Fiesta, Champion Renault). The yield of ten – to fourteen-year-old trees reaches 22.4–39.4 t/ha. The yield of fruits of the highest and first grade was 27–49% on average over five years of research. The fruits of selected varieties are attractive (8.2−8.4 points), excellent, very harmonious sweet-sour taste (8.2−8.5 points).
{"title":"Analysis of indicators of yield and fruit quality of ukrainian and foreign breeding apple varietis (Malus Domestica Borkh.) in the conditions of Podillia","authors":"K. Tarnavska, T. Kovalenko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.03.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.03.11","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Selection of the best apple tree varieties in terms of productivity and fruit quality, which is relevant when creating plantations of an intensive type in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Evaluations were taken: productivity of plantings, crop formation, marketable qualities of fruits (weight, size, uniformity, marketability), tasting evaluation, attractiveness of fruits and their suitability for storage. The main records and observations were carried out in full compliance with generally defined methods. The marketability of fruits was determined in the garden during harvesting by sorting in accordance with the current SSTU 8133-2015 and SSTU 8323-2015. Classification of varieties by fruit size was carried out according to the unified classifier of European countries. Results. The article presents the results of the study of 24 apple varieties of Ukrainian and foreign breeding of different ripening periods in the conditions of Podillia. According to the average indicators of 2016–2020 research, the grades were evaluated according to a set of main characteristics: early fruiting, productivity, marketability, shelf life and taste of fruits. Conclusions. It was established that the best varieties are: summer type – Williams Pride, autumn type – Count Ezzo, Kodrovskoe and winter type – Fiesta, Champion Renault. They begin to bear fruit at the age of two years (Williams Pride) and three years (Count Ezzo, Kodrovskoe, Fiesta, Champion Renault). The yield of ten – to fourteen-year-old trees reaches 22.4–39.4 t/ha. The yield of fruits of the highest and first grade was 27–49% on average over five years of research. The fruits of selected varieties are attractive (8.2−8.4 points), excellent, very harmonious sweet-sour taste (8.2−8.5 points).","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126923272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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