Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.01.07
I. Diordiieva, L. Riabovol, Yaroslav Riabovol
The aim of the research was to expand the genetic diversity of spelt wheat by introgression of genetic material of the species Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell. and to create on this basis new source material. Materials and methods. The study was conducted during 2016–2022 in the conditions of Uman National University of Horticulture, located in the zone of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, in the subzone of unstable moisture. The source material was winter spelt wheat variety Zoria Ukrainy (maternal form) and the sample Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell. (pollinator). The research used the common technology of growing winter cereals. Sowing was carried out in the optimal time for the zone – the third decade of September. All records and observations were performed in accordance with generally accepted methods. In work was used a systematic method of plot placement with four repetitions. Results. As a result of the conducted researches a number of introgressive lines of spelled wheat with different level of manifestation of morphological and economically valuable features was created. The created samples according to the morphology of the ear are divided into morphotypes of spelt, emmer and intermediate forms. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted researches the technology of creation of initial breeding material at distant hybridization of Triticum spelta L. × Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides. Valuable high-yielding samples were obtained using introgressive breeding. It was found that the highest frequency of transgression in the second and third generations was recorded by the weight of grain from the ear (19.1–20.0%). Materials with a yield (535.2 g/m2) and a weight of 1000 grains (44.8 g) significantly exceeded the standard (sample 230), as well as protein (20.4%) and gluten (44.0%) significantly exceeded the standard (sample 227). The selected samples will be used by donors of genes of economically valuable traits in breeding schemes for the creation source material of spelt wheat.
{"title":"Creation and breeding value of introgressive forms, obtained by hybridizations of Triticum Spelta L. × Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell.","authors":"I. Diordiieva, L. Riabovol, Yaroslav Riabovol","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to expand the genetic diversity of spelt wheat by introgression of genetic material of the species Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell. and to create on this basis new source material. Materials and methods. The study was conducted during 2016–2022 in the conditions of Uman National University of Horticulture, located in the zone of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, in the subzone of unstable moisture. The source material was winter spelt wheat variety Zoria Ukrainy (maternal form) and the sample Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell. (pollinator). The research used the common technology of growing winter cereals. Sowing was carried out in the optimal time for the zone – the third decade of September. All records and observations were performed in accordance with generally accepted methods. In work was used a systematic method of plot placement with four repetitions. Results. As a result of the conducted researches a number of introgressive lines of spelled wheat with different level of manifestation of morphological and economically valuable features was created. The created samples according to the morphology of the ear are divided into morphotypes of spelt, emmer and intermediate forms. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted researches the technology of creation of initial breeding material at distant hybridization of Triticum spelta L. × Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides. Valuable high-yielding samples were obtained using introgressive breeding. It was found that the highest frequency of transgression in the second and third generations was recorded by the weight of grain from the ear (19.1–20.0%). Materials with a yield (535.2 g/m2) and a weight of 1000 grains (44.8 g) significantly exceeded the standard (sample 230), as well as protein (20.4%) and gluten (44.0%) significantly exceeded the standard (sample 227). The selected samples will be used by donors of genes of economically valuable traits in breeding schemes for the creation source material of spelt wheat.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122771040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.01.09
A. Tkachenko, N. Buslaeva, N.O. Vetrova
The paper summarizes the most common mathematical methods used in the analysis, planning, organization, and management of economic activities of agricultural enterprises. It is determined that mathematical methods in combination with qualitative, logical methods of analysis contribute to the correct assessment of production efficiency or assessment of individual economic phenomena. It is a set of methods that turns analysis into truly scientific means of production management. It is proved that the most important universal method of research of economic activity of the enterprise is the method of modeling and construction of mathematical model of economic object. The study of economic processes in agricultural enterprises with the help of economic and mathematical modeling allows to assess the level of efficiency of the enterprise for the past period and to predict the effect of the implementation of certain management measures. Particular attention is paid to the principle of classification of economic and mathematical models on various grounds used in agricultural production during management decisions. The optimization models which make the widest group of models are considered and are intended for a choice of an optimum variant which will provide the maximum efficiency of the enterprise. Different approaches to the choice of basic parameters for building models to determine the resource potential are presented. It is revealed that during modeling it is necessary to follow the system approach, considering not only separate components and their interrelations, but also all system as a whole. It is advisable to use a system of models of parameters, characteristics, condition, and behavior in the external environment of interconnected economic processes, taking into account the complex structure of the organization, which will increase the adequacy and accuracy of results obtained in management decisions by managers of agricultural enterprises. It is established that economic-mathematical modeling allows to effectively solve specific economic problems and practical problems in the field of enterprise management in order to minimize the negative economic consequences.
{"title":"Economic-mathematical methods and models in management of economic activity of agricultural enterprises","authors":"A. Tkachenko, N. Buslaeva, N.O. Vetrova","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"The paper summarizes the most common mathematical methods used in the analysis, planning, organization, and management of economic activities of agricultural enterprises. It is determined that mathematical methods in combination with qualitative, logical methods of analysis contribute to the correct assessment of production efficiency or assessment of individual economic phenomena. It is a set of methods that turns analysis into truly scientific means of production management. It is proved that the most important universal method of research of economic activity of the enterprise is the method of modeling and construction of mathematical model of economic object. The study of economic processes in agricultural enterprises with the help of economic and mathematical modeling allows to assess the level of efficiency of the enterprise for the past period and to predict the effect of the implementation of certain management measures. Particular attention is paid to the principle of classification of economic and mathematical models on various grounds used in agricultural production during management decisions. The optimization models which make the widest group of models are considered and are intended for a choice of an optimum variant which will provide the maximum efficiency of the enterprise. Different approaches to the choice of basic parameters for building models to determine the resource potential are presented. It is revealed that during modeling it is necessary to follow the system approach, considering not only separate components and their interrelations, but also all system as a whole. It is advisable to use a system of models of parameters, characteristics, condition, and behavior in the external environment of interconnected economic processes, taking into account the complex structure of the organization, which will increase the adequacy and accuracy of results obtained in management decisions by managers of agricultural enterprises. It is established that economic-mathematical modeling allows to effectively solve specific economic problems and practical problems in the field of enterprise management in order to minimize the negative economic consequences.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133343717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.01.06
V. Kurhak, E. Degodiuk, Ja.W. Havrysh
Goal. Establish the size of the accumulation of root mass, symbiotic nitrogen by alfalfa, soil fertility and balance of essential nutrients in the cultivation of alfalfa-cereal mixtures under the action of lime and fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The results of research on the accumulation of perennial grasses and symbiotic nitrogen, cellulase activity, erosion resistance and changes in soil fertility, as well as the balance of essential nutrients in the cultivation of alfalfa, alfalfa and cereal agrophytocenoses under the influence of lime and 2019–2021 in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine on dark gray podzolic coarse-grained coarse-grained soil. Conclusions. Under the action of symbiotic nitrogen of alfalfa sowing in single-species sowing and alfalfa-cereal mixtures and mineral nitrogen at a dose of N90 on cereal grass increases the accumulation of dry roots by 0.99–1.90 t/ha, productive effect of roots – by 0.19–0,64, cellulase activity of soil – by 3-4% and anti-erosion resistance of meadow agrophytocenoses by duration of erosion of soil monolith – by 1:04–1:42 min: sec, as well as accumulation of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen in soil. 56–307 kg / ha of nitrogen, 12–45 kg of phosphorus and 87–263 kg/ha of potassium are harvested with different types of meadow grasses. Nitrogen balance on alfalfa and alfalfa-grass stands without nitrogen backgrounds – positive within 15–28 kg/ha, on grass grass with N90 application - close to neutral, and on grass without nitrogen – negative (–18 – –28 kg/ha). The balance of phosphorus for the application of P45K90 on cereals is positive (24–32 kg/ha), and on alfalfa and alfalfa – close to neutral, without fertilizers – negative (–12 – –40 kg/ha). Potassium balance – negative with a deficit of –56 – –241 kg/ha, except for cereal grass for the application of P45K90 where it is close to neutral.
{"title":"Сhanges in soil fertility indices under radiant grasses under different fertilizer systems","authors":"V. Kurhak, E. Degodiuk, Ja.W. Havrysh","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Establish the size of the accumulation of root mass, symbiotic nitrogen by alfalfa, soil fertility and balance of essential nutrients in the cultivation of alfalfa-cereal mixtures under the action of lime and fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The results of research on the accumulation of perennial grasses and symbiotic nitrogen, cellulase activity, erosion resistance and changes in soil fertility, as well as the balance of essential nutrients in the cultivation of alfalfa, alfalfa and cereal agrophytocenoses under the influence of lime and 2019–2021 in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine on dark gray podzolic coarse-grained coarse-grained soil. Conclusions. Under the action of symbiotic nitrogen of alfalfa sowing in single-species sowing and alfalfa-cereal mixtures and mineral nitrogen at a dose of N90 on cereal grass increases the accumulation of dry roots by 0.99–1.90 t/ha, productive effect of roots – by 0.19–0,64, cellulase activity of soil – by 3-4% and anti-erosion resistance of meadow agrophytocenoses by duration of erosion of soil monolith – by 1:04–1:42 min: sec, as well as accumulation of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen in soil. 56–307 kg / ha of nitrogen, 12–45 kg of phosphorus and 87–263 kg/ha of potassium are harvested with different types of meadow grasses. Nitrogen balance on alfalfa and alfalfa-grass stands without nitrogen backgrounds – positive within 15–28 kg/ha, on grass grass with N90 application - close to neutral, and on grass without nitrogen – negative (–18 – –28 kg/ha). The balance of phosphorus for the application of P45K90 on cereals is positive (24–32 kg/ha), and on alfalfa and alfalfa – close to neutral, without fertilizers – negative (–12 – –40 kg/ha). Potassium balance – negative with a deficit of –56 – –241 kg/ha, except for cereal grass for the application of P45K90 where it is close to neutral.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129536604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.01.04
M. Shtakal, L. Kolomiiets, L.M. Holyk, V. Shtakal, N.V. Hopkalo, N. V. Ivashchenko
Goal. Establish the most productive types of medicinal and forage grasses for the formation of phyto-mixtures based on them to obtain organic feed additives for animal feed. Methods. Field, laboratory, animal testing by group method, means of variation statistics. Results. On the basis of the conducted researches the optimum terms of collecting of medicinal and forage grasses are established. According to the yield of dry mass, the most productive are milk thistle (3.6–4.2 t / ha), еchinacea purpurea (3.3–4.7 t / ha), fennel (3.0–4.0 t / ha) and the Moldavian snakehead (2.8–4.3 t / ha), and by the seed yield is coriander (0.3–1.8 t / ha). Hyssop, lofant anise, yarrow and shandra are also quite productive. During the years of research, annual wormwood, cephaloflora fragrant, chamomile and cumin remained unclear for the production of raw materials. In addition, the height of these plants is low and they are not able to successfully control weeds, and the use of herbicides in the conditions of growing organic raw materials is impossible. At the full dose of organic phyto-mixture (includes seven components of herbs containing BAS, with a dry weight of 570 g), the effectiveness of its application on dairy cattle was highest and was 2 liters of milk per cow per day or 10%. Conclusions. The best for use in production is the full dose of organic phytocomposition, which provides an increase in daily milk yield by 2 liters per cow or 10% and increase the fat content in milk by 0.5% (25% due to the nutritional value of the additive and 75% due to action its BAR), which provides 25-35 UAH of profit per cow.
的目标。建立最具生产力的药用和饲草类型，以它们为基础形成植物混合物，以获得动物饲料的有机饲料添加剂。方法。野外、实验室、动物试验用分组法，变异统计方法。结果。在此基础上，确定了药用牧草和饲草的最佳采收条件。按干质量产量计算，产量最高的是水飞蓟(3.6-4.2 t / ha)、紫茶树(3.3-4.7 t / ha)、茴香(3.0-4.0 t / ha)和摩尔多瓦蛇头(2.8-4.3 t / ha)，按种子产量计算为香菜(0.3-1.8 t / ha)。牛膝草、茴香、蓍草和山德拉草也很高产。在多年的研究中，一年生苦艾、头香、茶甘菊和孜然的生产原料尚不明确。此外，这些植物的高度较低，无法成功控制杂草，在种植有机原料的条件下使用除草剂是不可能的。在全剂量有机植物混合物(含七种含BAS的草药成分，干重570 g)下，其对奶牛的施用效果最高，为每头奶牛每天2升牛奶或10%。结论。最适合在生产中使用的是全剂量的有机植物成分，它可以使每头奶牛的日产奶量增加2升或10%，并使牛奶中的脂肪含量增加0.5%(25%归因于添加剂的营养价值，75%归因于其BAR的作用)，从而为每头奶牛提供25-35亿澳元的利润。
{"title":"Prospectivity of use of medicinal and feed grass for production of organic feed additives for animal feeding","authors":"M. Shtakal, L. Kolomiiets, L.M. Holyk, V. Shtakal, N.V. Hopkalo, N. V. Ivashchenko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Establish the most productive types of medicinal and forage grasses for the formation of phyto-mixtures based on them to obtain organic feed additives for animal feed. Methods. Field, laboratory, animal testing by group method, means of variation statistics. Results. On the basis of the conducted researches the optimum terms of collecting of medicinal and forage grasses are established. According to the yield of dry mass, the most productive are milk thistle (3.6–4.2 t / ha), еchinacea purpurea (3.3–4.7 t / ha), fennel (3.0–4.0 t / ha) and the Moldavian snakehead (2.8–4.3 t / ha), and by the seed yield is coriander (0.3–1.8 t / ha). Hyssop, lofant anise, yarrow and shandra are also quite productive. During the years of research, annual wormwood, cephaloflora fragrant, chamomile and cumin remained unclear for the production of raw materials. In addition, the height of these plants is low and they are not able to successfully control weeds, and the use of herbicides in the conditions of growing organic raw materials is impossible. At the full dose of organic phyto-mixture (includes seven components of herbs containing BAS, with a dry weight of 570 g), the effectiveness of its application on dairy cattle was highest and was 2 liters of milk per cow per day or 10%. Conclusions. The best for use in production is the full dose of organic phytocomposition, which provides an increase in daily milk yield by 2 liters per cow or 10% and increase the fat content in milk by 0.5% (25% due to the nutritional value of the additive and 75% due to action its BAR), which provides 25-35 UAH of profit per cow.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115774106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-11DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.01.01
O. Demydenko
The purpose of research. Give a comparative comprehensive assessment of the balance of phosphorus, Ca and Mg and establish a hierarchy of subordination of balances with the productivity of short-rotation crop rotations for long-term use of organo-mineral fertilizer system using by-products of crops as organic fertilizers for Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The generally accepted methods of researches were applied: field, laboratory, mathematical methods, comparative-settlement. Research results. Regardless of the structure of short-rotation crop rotation, the balance of Ca and Mg was deficient, and the balance of Ca exceeded the balance of Mg by 4.88 times. The balance of Ca was 1.74 times more stable by the coefficient of variation. Between the components of the phosphorus balance and the balance of Ca revealed 62.5% of correlations of medium and strong level, between the turnover of Mg–9.14%, and between the components of the balance of Ca and Mg revealed 34.7% of paired correlation coefficients, indicating subordination balances in the sequence: Mg next Ca then R. Between the balance of Mg and Ca and performance, the relationship was at a low functional level. The ratio of Ca to Mg in the components of the balances did not exceed the optimal values: in the main products the ratio was 1.3 to 1, and the normalized interval varied from 0.9 to 1 to 1.6 to 1. The widest ratio of Ca to Mg was in by-products 2.3–3.7 to 1 with a normalized interval of 2.7–5.0 to 1. Conclusions. When expanding the ratio of the balance of Ca to Mg > 3 to 1 and when reaching the balance of Ca > 800 kg / ha, the circulation of phosphorus is blocked, which leads to a decrease in crop rotation productivity at the yield of k.o. up to 4.0-4.5 t / ha, and with the narrowing of the ratio of Ca to Mg to 2.5 to 1 and 1.5–2.0 to 1 there is an increase in productivity to 5-6 t / ha and 6.0–7.0 t/ha from 1 hectare. According to the established criterion of the ratio of Ca to Mg in the circulation of macronutrients, crop rotations can be classified according to increased soil protection capacity (Ca to Mg > 3) and crop rotations with high productivity (Ca to Mg <2). Crop rotations with a ratio of Ca to Mg 2.0-3.0 to 1 are intermediate in nature and combine soil protection properties with high productivity.
{"title":"Balance of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in short-rotary cultivations of the forest-steppe","authors":"O. Demydenko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of research. Give a comparative comprehensive assessment of the balance of phosphorus, Ca and Mg and establish a hierarchy of subordination of balances with the productivity of short-rotation crop rotations for long-term use of organo-mineral fertilizer system using by-products of crops as organic fertilizers for Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The generally accepted methods of researches were applied: field, laboratory, mathematical methods, comparative-settlement. Research results. Regardless of the structure of short-rotation crop rotation, the balance of Ca and Mg was deficient, and the balance of Ca exceeded the balance of Mg by 4.88 times. The balance of Ca was 1.74 times more stable by the coefficient of variation. Between the components of the phosphorus balance and the balance of Ca revealed 62.5% of correlations of medium and strong level, between the turnover of Mg–9.14%, and between the components of the balance of Ca and Mg revealed 34.7% of paired correlation coefficients, indicating subordination balances in the sequence: Mg next Ca then R. Between the balance of Mg and Ca and performance, the relationship was at a low functional level. The ratio of Ca to Mg in the components of the balances did not exceed the optimal values: in the main products the ratio was 1.3 to 1, and the normalized interval varied from 0.9 to 1 to 1.6 to 1. The widest ratio of Ca to Mg was in by-products 2.3–3.7 to 1 with a normalized interval of 2.7–5.0 to 1. Conclusions. When expanding the ratio of the balance of Ca to Mg > 3 to 1 and when reaching the balance of Ca > 800 kg / ha, the circulation of phosphorus is blocked, which leads to a decrease in crop rotation productivity at the yield of k.o. up to 4.0-4.5 t / ha, and with the narrowing of the ratio of Ca to Mg to 2.5 to 1 and 1.5–2.0 to 1 there is an increase in productivity to 5-6 t / ha and 6.0–7.0 t/ha from 1 hectare. According to the established criterion of the ratio of Ca to Mg in the circulation of macronutrients, crop rotations can be classified according to increased soil protection capacity (Ca to Mg > 3) and crop rotations with high productivity (Ca to Mg <2). Crop rotations with a ratio of Ca to Mg 2.0-3.0 to 1 are intermediate in nature and combine soil protection properties with high productivity.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129504112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.02.07
R.E. Hryshchenko, O. Lyubchych, O. Glieva
The article highlights the main results of research conducted in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical soils of the zone – dark gray podzolic coarse-grained light loam to study the productivity of sorghum grain variety Armida. The efficiency of seed treatment with biological preparation, mineral fertilizers, foliar fertilization and nitrogen fertilization during the growing season on crop productivity was established. The combination of these components provides an increase in crop yields. The fertilizer system, which provided for the introduction of N60P60K60, turned out to be optimal for sorghum cultivation. Crop productivity with this technology was 8,49 t/ha, and for sowing seeds treated with biological preparation – increased by 32%.The productivity of the crop increased by 30,6% and with complex application – seed treatment, application of N60P60K60 in the main and application of microfertilizer in foliar fertilization, compared to the option without seed treatment (7,74 t/ha).The percentage of grain of the main shoot, panicle and tillering shoots in the biological yield of the crop is determined. It is determined that the main panicle always has a higher percentage (62,8–70,4) in the formation of crop productivity. The growth of the role of the main shoot in the formation of the overall biological yield depends on the smaller number of side shoots.
{"title":"Formation of grain sorghum grain yield by different systems of shoots depending on crop fertilizer","authors":"R.E. Hryshchenko, O. Lyubchych, O. Glieva","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the main results of research conducted in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on typical soils of the zone – dark gray podzolic coarse-grained light loam to study the productivity of sorghum grain variety Armida. The efficiency of seed treatment with biological preparation, mineral fertilizers, foliar fertilization and nitrogen fertilization during the growing season on crop productivity was established. The combination of these components provides an increase in crop yields. The fertilizer system, which provided for the introduction of N60P60K60, turned out to be optimal for sorghum cultivation. Crop productivity with this technology was 8,49 t/ha, and for sowing seeds treated with biological preparation – increased by 32%.The productivity of the crop increased by 30,6% and with complex application – seed treatment, application of N60P60K60 in the main and application of microfertilizer in foliar fertilization, compared to the option without seed treatment (7,74 t/ha).The percentage of grain of the main shoot, panicle and tillering shoots in the biological yield of the crop is determined. It is determined that the main panicle always has a higher percentage (62,8–70,4) in the formation of crop productivity. The growth of the role of the main shoot in the formation of the overall biological yield depends on the smaller number of side shoots.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127174046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.02.06
V. Yula, М.О. Drozd
Research goal. Determination of the effectiveness of growth biostimulants in the technology of growing soft spring wheat in the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine to obtain high yield and grain quality. Methods. Field, laboratory research, mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. Under the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine the effect of the complex application of elements of adaptive technology of cultivation, in particular, mineral fertilizers, protection system and biostimulants of plant growth on the productivity of soft spring wheat variety Nedra was established.The cultivation technology, which provided for the application of N45P90K90 before sowing and by N45 during IV and VIII stages of organogenesis against the background of ensiling the by-products of predecessor and integrated crop protection in combination with the use of biostimulants in the average years of research, received the highest yield of spring wheat - 4.08 t/ha. Yield increase with this technology compared to the control was 2.03 t/ha. Crude protein content under these growing conditions was 16.3 %, crude gluten – 32.8 %, which corresponds to the 1st class of grain quality according to DSTU 3768: 2019. At low production costs for purchase and application of biostimulants of growth (only 200 UAH/ha) the economic effect of their use varied from 0,85 to 1,6 thousand UAH/ha in different fertilization technologies of growing soft spring wheat of Nedra variety. The cost of 1 ton of grain was reduced by 0,20–0,57 thousand UAH. Conclusions. The average yield increase of spring wheat from biostimulants application was 0.2–0.35 t/ha depending on fertilization level in growing technology. иThe use of biostimulants in combination with mineral fertilizers, to a greater extent, influenced the increase in the weight of 1000 grains. At technology, which provided the introduction of mineral fertilizer in a dose of N45P90K90 before sowing and by N45 on IV and VIII stages of organogenesis on the background of encroaching by-products predecessor and integrated system of protection received the highest economic effect of biostimulants application – 1.6 thousand UAH/ha, for reducing the cost of producing 1 ton of grain at 0.33 thousand UAH.
{"title":"The effectiveness of the use of biostimulants of growth in the technology of growing spring wheat in the Northern Forest-Steppe","authors":"V. Yula, М.О. Drozd","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Research goal. Determination of the effectiveness of growth biostimulants in the technology of growing soft spring wheat in the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine to obtain high yield and grain quality. Methods. Field, laboratory research, mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. Under the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine the effect of the complex application of elements of adaptive technology of cultivation, in particular, mineral fertilizers, protection system and biostimulants of plant growth on the productivity of soft spring wheat variety Nedra was established.The cultivation technology, which provided for the application of N45P90K90 before sowing and by N45 during IV and VIII stages of organogenesis against the background of ensiling the by-products of predecessor and integrated crop protection in combination with the use of biostimulants in the average years of research, received the highest yield of spring wheat - 4.08 t/ha. Yield increase with this technology compared to the control was 2.03 t/ha. Crude protein content under these growing conditions was 16.3 %, crude gluten – 32.8 %, which corresponds to the 1st class of grain quality according to DSTU 3768: 2019. At low production costs for purchase and application of biostimulants of growth (only 200 UAH/ha) the economic effect of their use varied from 0,85 to 1,6 thousand UAH/ha in different fertilization technologies of growing soft spring wheat of Nedra variety. The cost of 1 ton of grain was reduced by 0,20–0,57 thousand UAH. Conclusions. The average yield increase of spring wheat from biostimulants application was 0.2–0.35 t/ha depending on fertilization level in growing technology. иThe use of biostimulants in combination with mineral fertilizers, to a greater extent, influenced the increase in the weight of 1000 grains. At technology, which provided the introduction of mineral fertilizer in a dose of N45P90K90 before sowing and by N45 on IV and VIII stages of organogenesis on the background of encroaching by-products predecessor and integrated system of protection received the highest economic effect of biostimulants application – 1.6 thousand UAH/ha, for reducing the cost of producing 1 ton of grain at 0.33 thousand UAH.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114820286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.02.09
L.S. Romanyuk
The aim of the research was to study the nature of variability of the main quantitative traits in hybrid populations of the second generation Phaseolus vulgaris L. within the framework of the task 13.00.01.28. F “To study the nature of the inheritance of quantitative traits in hybrids of create a starting material with improved flavoring properties.As a result of the studies carried out, it was found that regardless of the duration of the growing season of the parent components of the crossing, in the hybrid populations of the second generation, the limits of variability for this indicator went beyond the limits of the variability of the parent forms. The average values of the duration of the growing season in hybrids were intermediate between the indicators of the corresponding parent forms. The coefficients of variation in the parent forms were insignificant (1.1 – 1.4%); in hybrid populations they were low – from 4.9% (Line 744-14 / Ukrainka) to 9.2% (Line 741-14 / Suita).In terms of plant height, the limits of variability of hybrid offspring F2 went beyond the limits of variability of the parent components. The average values of the trait in hybrid populations significantly exceeded the corresponding indicators of the parent forms. The degree of variability in plant height of hybrid populations was significant in the combination Line 872-14 / Podolyanka-1 (the parent components differ in the type of plant growth) and was equal to 20.6% versus 3.5% and 4.9% for the corresponding parent forms. In other hybrid populations, the coefficient of variation was average (Ukrainka / Suita-16.5%; Line 741-14 / Suita – 13.5%; Line 744-14 / Ukrainka -10.1%) The degree of variability of the corresponding parental forms was in the range from 2.8% to 3.1%.The widest range of variability was observed according to the characteristics of the mass of seeds from the plant, the number of seeds from the plant, the number of beans from the plant. The degree of variability of the seed mass from the plant in hybrid populations ranged from 30.3% to 39.1% (in the parent forms from 9.1% to 21.7%); the number of seeds from the plant from 22.3% to 40.7% (in the parent forms from 9.8% to 20.1%); the number of beans from the plant from 28.1% to 38.3% (in the parent forms from 4.7% to 16.2%). The degree of variation of the studied traits in hybrid populations was 2–3 times higher than in the parent forms.By the weight of 100 seeds in the offspring of the second generation, the range of variation was much wider than this indicator in the parent forms. The degree of variability on this trait was average for hybrid populations (from 10.6% to 13.4%), and insignificant for parental forms (from 3.7% to 6.6%).It is possible that the most valuable in terms of breeding may be the hybrid combination Line 872-14/Podolyanka, from the widest range of variability in the studied traits in the second generation population.
{"title":"The manifestation of the main quantitative characteristics in the populations of second-generation beans and their parent forms","authors":"L.S. Romanyuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to study the nature of variability of the main quantitative traits in hybrid populations of the second generation Phaseolus vulgaris L. within the framework of the task 13.00.01.28. F “To study the nature of the inheritance of quantitative traits in hybrids of create a starting material with improved flavoring properties.As a result of the studies carried out, it was found that regardless of the duration of the growing season of the parent components of the crossing, in the hybrid populations of the second generation, the limits of variability for this indicator went beyond the limits of the variability of the parent forms. The average values of the duration of the growing season in hybrids were intermediate between the indicators of the corresponding parent forms. The coefficients of variation in the parent forms were insignificant (1.1 – 1.4%); in hybrid populations they were low – from 4.9% (Line 744-14 / Ukrainka) to 9.2% (Line 741-14 / Suita).In terms of plant height, the limits of variability of hybrid offspring F2 went beyond the limits of variability of the parent components. The average values of the trait in hybrid populations significantly exceeded the corresponding indicators of the parent forms. The degree of variability in plant height of hybrid populations was significant in the combination Line 872-14 / Podolyanka-1 (the parent components differ in the type of plant growth) and was equal to 20.6% versus 3.5% and 4.9% for the corresponding parent forms. In other hybrid populations, the coefficient of variation was average (Ukrainka / Suita-16.5%; Line 741-14 / Suita – 13.5%; Line 744-14 / Ukrainka -10.1%) The degree of variability of the corresponding parental forms was in the range from 2.8% to 3.1%.The widest range of variability was observed according to the characteristics of the mass of seeds from the plant, the number of seeds from the plant, the number of beans from the plant. The degree of variability of the seed mass from the plant in hybrid populations ranged from 30.3% to 39.1% (in the parent forms from 9.1% to 21.7%); the number of seeds from the plant from 22.3% to 40.7% (in the parent forms from 9.8% to 20.1%); the number of beans from the plant from 28.1% to 38.3% (in the parent forms from 4.7% to 16.2%). The degree of variation of the studied traits in hybrid populations was 2–3 times higher than in the parent forms.By the weight of 100 seeds in the offspring of the second generation, the range of variation was much wider than this indicator in the parent forms. The degree of variability on this trait was average for hybrid populations (from 10.6% to 13.4%), and insignificant for parental forms (from 3.7% to 6.6%).It is possible that the most valuable in terms of breeding may be the hybrid combination Line 872-14/Podolyanka, from the widest range of variability in the studied traits in the second generation population.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128938665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.02.02
M. Ptashnik, P.S. Zaiats, S. Dudnyk, F.J. Brukhal, O.L. Oksimets
As a result of many years of research in a stationary field experiment conducted in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe on Gray forest large-sawn light loamy soil, the regularities of the influence of methods of its main cultivation, doses and terms of herbicide application on the level of contamination of crops with segetal vegetation and the competitiveness of winter wheat in short-term crop rotation were established.It was found that the competitive pressure of weeds on winter wheat both for plowing and flat–cutting loosening to a depth of 20–22 cm was minimal and amounted to 6.9–13.2%, and the crop pressure on weed cenosis was noted in the range of 81.5–84.8%. The use of a herbicide based on D. R. prosulfuron (750 g/kg) increased this indicator to 90%.With flat-cutting loosening, the potential contamination of the upper 0–5-centimeter layer of soil, from which the bulk of weeds germinate, in the crops of the studied crop was 31.3–31.8% higher compared to plowing. Indicators of potential contamination and the rate of germination of weed seeds with this method of basic tillage caused a high level of actual weediness of winter wheat crops in a short-term crop rotation. However, systematic tillage without layer turnover ensured gradual self-cleaning of the lower part of the arable soil layer from weed seeds.The highest yield of winter wheat 6.11 t/ha of grain was obtained during plowing and the autumn period of application of the herbicide based on D. R. prosulfuron (750 g/kg) at a rate of 20 g/ha in the development phase of the BBCH 11–13. The use of the herbicide in autumn compared to spring periods provided an increase in the grain yield by 0.24–0.54 t/ha for plowing and by 0.48–0.64 t/ha for non – polar cultivation.Economically, the most appropriate technology for controlling segetal vegetation in winter wheat crops is recognized, which provides for plowing to a depth of 20–22 cm as the main tillage with the introduction of N80P60K80 and earning by-products of its predecessors into the soil. To increase the effectiveness of crop contamination control in the integrated plant protection system, it is also proposed to use autumn application of a herbicide based on D. R. prosulfuron (750 g/kg) at a dose of 20 g/ha in the phase of 2–3 leaves in the culture.
{"title":"Integrated control system of segetal vegetation in winter wheat crops in Forest-Steppe conditions","authors":"M. Ptashnik, P.S. Zaiats, S. Dudnyk, F.J. Brukhal, O.L. Oksimets","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of many years of research in a stationary field experiment conducted in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe on Gray forest large-sawn light loamy soil, the regularities of the influence of methods of its main cultivation, doses and terms of herbicide application on the level of contamination of crops with segetal vegetation and the competitiveness of winter wheat in short-term crop rotation were established.It was found that the competitive pressure of weeds on winter wheat both for plowing and flat–cutting loosening to a depth of 20–22 cm was minimal and amounted to 6.9–13.2%, and the crop pressure on weed cenosis was noted in the range of 81.5–84.8%. The use of a herbicide based on D. R. prosulfuron (750 g/kg) increased this indicator to 90%.With flat-cutting loosening, the potential contamination of the upper 0–5-centimeter layer of soil, from which the bulk of weeds germinate, in the crops of the studied crop was 31.3–31.8% higher compared to plowing. Indicators of potential contamination and the rate of germination of weed seeds with this method of basic tillage caused a high level of actual weediness of winter wheat crops in a short-term crop rotation. However, systematic tillage without layer turnover ensured gradual self-cleaning of the lower part of the arable soil layer from weed seeds.The highest yield of winter wheat 6.11 t/ha of grain was obtained during plowing and the autumn period of application of the herbicide based on D. R. prosulfuron (750 g/kg) at a rate of 20 g/ha in the development phase of the BBCH 11–13. The use of the herbicide in autumn compared to spring periods provided an increase in the grain yield by 0.24–0.54 t/ha for plowing and by 0.48–0.64 t/ha for non – polar cultivation.Economically, the most appropriate technology for controlling segetal vegetation in winter wheat crops is recognized, which provides for plowing to a depth of 20–22 cm as the main tillage with the introduction of N80P60K80 and earning by-products of its predecessors into the soil. To increase the effectiveness of crop contamination control in the integrated plant protection system, it is also proposed to use autumn application of a herbicide based on D. R. prosulfuron (750 g/kg) at a dose of 20 g/ha in the phase of 2–3 leaves in the culture.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134264132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.02.03
І.M. Malynovska, M. Tkachenko
The aim of the research was to form connections between separate groups of microorganisms as a part of groups of gray forest soil (Haplic Luvisol) during the cultivation of spring wheat with the use of various fertilizers and liming systems. Research methods: microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. The research was carried out in the landfill monitoring system on the basis of a stationary experiment of the Department of Agrosoil Science and Soil Microbiology at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” - Development and improvement of intensive cultivation technologies of agricultural crops on the basis of the expanded soil fertility reproduction. The main results of the study: The number of ammonifiers is positively correlated with the total number of microorganisms (0,955), the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers, denitrifiers, nitrifiers, cellulose-destroying bacteria, actin- and micromycetes, the coefficient of nitrogen mineralization compounds, the total biological activity (0,911). The conclusions of previous research are confirmed: Azotobacter is not a diagnostic microorganism for effective soil fertility, as evidenced by the insignificance of the correlation coefficients between the number of Azotobacter and the yield of spring wheat (0,265), winter wheat (0,131), soybeans (0,303). The number of Azotobacter correlates inversely with most of the studied indicators, especially significant - with the number of polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms, actinomycetes, melanin-synthesizing micromycetes (-0,719), acid-forming microorganisms (- 0,611), physiological and biochemical activity of own cells, pedotrophic index. The direct nature of the relationship is established between the number of polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms as a diagnostic group for the optimal mineral nutrition of plants and the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers (0,854), pedotrophs (0,970), cellulose-destructive (0,724) and autochthonous (0,878) microorganisms, actinomycetes, micromycetes, the total number of microorganisms (0,588), probability of colony formation of denitrifiers, autochthonous microorganisms and micromycetes, nitrogen mineralization coefficient, total biological activity (0,646). Indigenous microorganisms show a high level of direct dependence on the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers, pedotrophs, cellulose-destroying and polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms, the total number of microorganisms, physiological and biochemical activity of denitrifiers and own cells (0,935).
{"title":"Formation of links between microorganisms of certain groups in haplic luvisol under the influence of mineral fertilization and liming","authors":"І.M. Malynovska, M. Tkachenko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to form connections between separate groups of microorganisms as a part of groups of gray forest soil (Haplic Luvisol) during the cultivation of spring wheat with the use of various fertilizers and liming systems. Research methods: microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. The research was carried out in the landfill monitoring system on the basis of a stationary experiment of the Department of Agrosoil Science and Soil Microbiology at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” - Development and improvement of intensive cultivation technologies of agricultural crops on the basis of the expanded soil fertility reproduction. The main results of the study: The number of ammonifiers is positively correlated with the total number of microorganisms (0,955), the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers, denitrifiers, nitrifiers, cellulose-destroying bacteria, actin- and micromycetes, the coefficient of nitrogen mineralization compounds, the total biological activity (0,911). The conclusions of previous research are confirmed: Azotobacter is not a diagnostic microorganism for effective soil fertility, as evidenced by the insignificance of the correlation coefficients between the number of Azotobacter and the yield of spring wheat (0,265), winter wheat (0,131), soybeans (0,303). The number of Azotobacter correlates inversely with most of the studied indicators, especially significant - with the number of polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms, actinomycetes, melanin-synthesizing micromycetes (-0,719), acid-forming microorganisms (- 0,611), physiological and biochemical activity of own cells, pedotrophic index. The direct nature of the relationship is established between the number of polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms as a diagnostic group for the optimal mineral nutrition of plants and the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers (0,854), pedotrophs (0,970), cellulose-destructive (0,724) and autochthonous (0,878) microorganisms, actinomycetes, micromycetes, the total number of microorganisms (0,588), probability of colony formation of denitrifiers, autochthonous microorganisms and micromycetes, nitrogen mineralization coefficient, total biological activity (0,646). Indigenous microorganisms show a high level of direct dependence on the number of mineral nitrogen immobilizers, pedotrophs, cellulose-destroying and polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms, the total number of microorganisms, physiological and biochemical activity of denitrifiers and own cells (0,935).","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129645840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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