Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.02.01
S. Dehodiuk, Е.G. Degodiyk, Yulia Borko
The aim is to develop conceptual principles of sustainable development of the agrosphere and reproduction of degraded riverbeds of small rivers under climate change. Methods. Methodology and methods of system approach, monitoring, statistical analysis, and synthesis of scientific data. Results. It has been determined the ecological condition in Ukraine and the world has been by the manifestations of degradation processes in terrestrial ecosystems and small river basins on the principle of causation. It has been suggested the conceptual bases of restoration of channels of small rivers and their basins by carrying out engineering, culture-technical works in channels and floodplains of small rivers, the organization of adaptive landscaping of the territory, and also carrying out agro-, chemo-, bio- and phyto-meliorations in their basins without disturbance the basis of erosion and giving impetus to self-renewal of natural fauna and flora. In the processes of nature restoration, the leading role of domestic science in the methodological and methodological support of projects has been identified, and importance is attached to the restoration of natural biodiversity and biologization in agricultural systems. We proposed to create a state mortgage land bank with a concentration in it of land fees of ecological funds with the involvement of domestic and foreign investment. It is recommended to test the idea in several model pools of soil-climatic zones with further replication in Ukraine and the spread of technology beyond its borders. Conclusions. А systematic approach is needed to carry out reclamation works in the basins of small rivers is to implement the basin approach. To implement the program, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine must adopt the Law of Ukraine “On Agriculture, Sustainable Development of the Biosphere and Ecological Nature Management”, the project of which was developed at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS”. The NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” with appropriate financial and personnel support on a multifunctional basis can perform the functions of a methodological center for the development of methodology and techniques of land management and reclamation in the process of restoring small river basins.
{"title":"Basin-centric approach to the sustainable development of agriculture in the context of climate change","authors":"S. Dehodiuk, Е.G. Degodiyk, Yulia Borko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"The aim is to develop conceptual principles of sustainable development of the agrosphere and reproduction of degraded riverbeds of small rivers under climate change. Methods. Methodology and methods of system approach, monitoring, statistical analysis, and synthesis of scientific data. Results. It has been determined the ecological condition in Ukraine and the world has been by the manifestations of degradation processes in terrestrial ecosystems and small river basins on the principle of causation. It has been suggested the conceptual bases of restoration of channels of small rivers and their basins by carrying out engineering, culture-technical works in channels and floodplains of small rivers, the organization of adaptive landscaping of the territory, and also carrying out agro-, chemo-, bio- and phyto-meliorations in their basins without disturbance the basis of erosion and giving impetus to self-renewal of natural fauna and flora. In the processes of nature restoration, the leading role of domestic science in the methodological and methodological support of projects has been identified, and importance is attached to the restoration of natural biodiversity and biologization in agricultural systems. We proposed to create a state mortgage land bank with a concentration in it of land fees of ecological funds with the involvement of domestic and foreign investment. It is recommended to test the idea in several model pools of soil-climatic zones with further replication in Ukraine and the spread of technology beyond its borders. Conclusions. А systematic approach is needed to carry out reclamation works in the basins of small rivers is to implement the basin approach. To implement the program, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine must adopt the Law of Ukraine “On Agriculture, Sustainable Development of the Biosphere and Ecological Nature Management”, the project of which was developed at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS”. The NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” with appropriate financial and personnel support on a multifunctional basis can perform the functions of a methodological center for the development of methodology and techniques of land management and reclamation in the process of restoring small river basins.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114980500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.02.05
I. Martyniuk, Yaroslav Tsimbal, E.V. Zadubinna
Leaders of the agro-industrial complex of various forms of economic ownership must remember that the Earth is the main bioresource of mankind. Industrial, biological (organic) and ecological systems of agriculture are now introduced. The first in this list is used for 90 % of arable land. As the agricultural sector cannot immediately abandon the industrial system of agriculture, softened options for its biological direction must be developed.The information on development and introduction of systems of organic production in agro-industrial production which was formed in the world and in Ukraine during the last decades is generalized. The dependence of the distribution of organic production on the development of productive forces and production relations is revealed.The organization of ecologically balanced crop rotations with optimal saturation, ratio and location of crops should be soil-ecological approach, which combines all biological factors of agriculture and aims to ensure the rational use of land resources, soil protection and the environment.The structure of short-rotation crop rotations with 100 % saturation with grain crops (winter-wheat peas-corn for spring-barley grain) with the use of organic fertilization systems in conditions of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe was developed, and the study of 3 fundamentally new models was developed and started. crop rotations with saturation of cereals, cereals and legumes (soybean-spring wheat-buckwheat; soybean-spring-wheat millet), which under different fertilizer systems (by-products of predecessors, green manures, biofertilizers and their complexes) will provide a sufficiently high yield of ecological high quality grains will contribute to the gradual growth of natural fertility of chernozems of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.The studied short-rotation crop rotations in the conditions of climate change will ensure the yield of high-quality ecological grain at the level of 3.5-4.5 t/ha of crop rotation area.
{"title":"History of organic development and implementation Agricultural production","authors":"I. Martyniuk, Yaroslav Tsimbal, E.V. Zadubinna","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Leaders of the agro-industrial complex of various forms of economic ownership must remember that the Earth is the main bioresource of mankind. Industrial, biological (organic) and ecological systems of agriculture are now introduced. The first in this list is used for 90 % of arable land. As the agricultural sector cannot immediately abandon the industrial system of agriculture, softened options for its biological direction must be developed.The information on development and introduction of systems of organic production in agro-industrial production which was formed in the world and in Ukraine during the last decades is generalized. The dependence of the distribution of organic production on the development of productive forces and production relations is revealed.The organization of ecologically balanced crop rotations with optimal saturation, ratio and location of crops should be soil-ecological approach, which combines all biological factors of agriculture and aims to ensure the rational use of land resources, soil protection and the environment.The structure of short-rotation crop rotations with 100 % saturation with grain crops (winter-wheat peas-corn for spring-barley grain) with the use of organic fertilization systems in conditions of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe was developed, and the study of 3 fundamentally new models was developed and started. crop rotations with saturation of cereals, cereals and legumes (soybean-spring wheat-buckwheat; soybean-spring-wheat millet), which under different fertilizer systems (by-products of predecessors, green manures, biofertilizers and their complexes) will provide a sufficiently high yield of ecological high quality grains will contribute to the gradual growth of natural fertility of chernozems of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.The studied short-rotation crop rotations in the conditions of climate change will ensure the yield of high-quality ecological grain at the level of 3.5-4.5 t/ha of crop rotation area.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128349824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.02.08
V.H. Kyrhak, U. Karbivska, M. Voloshchuk, V.F. Martyshchuk
Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of formation of productivity, as well as the chemical composition, nutritional value and energy intensity of grass forage, depending on the measures of surface improvement of the meadows of the Carpathian mountain forest zone. Methods. Field works, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. Productivity of haymaking and perennial mowing fluctuated on the range of 2.15–4.77 t/ha and 1.95–4.11 t/ha during the 3-year research of dry mass yield. Compared to the variants without additional sowing of grasses and fertilizer use, the highest productivity of haymaking was upon the additional sowing of cereal grass mixtures and applying of N60P30K60 – 12 % and 85 %, respectively. Productivity of perennial mowing increased upon the additional sowing of Trifolium repens and applying of P30K60 on 85 % and 111 % respectively. The best uniformity of distribution of biomass crop by slopes was obtained by the use of multifaceted use of creeping clover with the introduction of P30K60, when the proportion of 1st slope was 39%, 2nd - 33 and 3rd – 28% with unevenness, which is expressed by the coefficient variation - 18%. Among the measures of surface improvement on the quality of feed by chemical composition, increasing, first of all, the content of crude protein, influenced by the introduction of N60P30K60 or 15 t / ha of manure, and in the case of multi-grade use - the sowing of clover on the background P30K60. Irrespective of the measures of surface improvement, higher crude protein content, better energy consumption and nutritious nutritional value of feed were characterized by a multi-use (pasture imitation) mode of use than hay. Conclusions. For surface improvement of the meadows of the Carpathian mountain forest belt with natural herbage, the annual application of N60P30K60, or 15 t / ha of manure, or – N60P30K60 + sowing of a mixture of grass meadows and sapwood with sapwood, on the grass meadows, is a factor of increasing their productivity and improving the quality of herbage. use or – P30K60 + clover seeding for high quality use. The best positive effect is the application of mineral fertilizers in combination with sowing of perennial grasses.
目的。根据喀尔巴阡山林带草甸地表改良措施，确定草甸生产力形成的特殊性，以及草料的化学成分、营养价值和能量强度。方法。野外工作、实验室、数理统计。结果。干质量产量3年研究期间，干草和常年割草产量在2.15 ~ 4.77 t/ha和1.95 ~ 4.11 t/ha范围内波动。与不增播禾草和不施肥的品种相比，增播禾草混合物和施用N60P30K60的干草产量最高，分别为12%和85%。补播三叶草和施用P30K60后，多年生刈割产量分别提高85%和111%。引入P30K60的多面利用匍匐三叶草，生物量作物坡面分布均匀性最佳，第1坡占39%，第2坡占33%，第3坡占28%，不均匀度以变异系数- 18%表示。在化学成分对饲料质量的表面改善措施中，首先是提高粗蛋白质的含量，通过引入N60P30K60或15 t / hm2粪肥，在多级使用的情况下-在P30K60背景上播种三叶草。在不考虑表面改良措施的情况下，饲料的粗蛋白质含量、能量消耗和营养价值均高于干草，表现为多用途(模仿牧草)利用模式。结论。对于喀尔巴阡山林带天然牧草草甸的地表改良，每年施用N60P30K60或15 t / ha粪肥，或- N60P30K60 +草甸与边材与边材混合播种，是提高草甸生产力和提高牧草品质的一个因素。使用- P30K60 +三叶草播种用于高品质使用。其中，矿质肥与多年生禾本科混播配合施用效果最好。
{"title":"Productivity of mountain bows of the carpathians depending on surface improvement measures","authors":"V.H. Kyrhak, U. Karbivska, M. Voloshchuk, V.F. Martyshchuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of formation of productivity, as well as the chemical composition, nutritional value and energy intensity of grass forage, depending on the measures of surface improvement of the meadows of the Carpathian mountain forest zone. Methods. Field works, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. Productivity of haymaking and perennial mowing fluctuated on the range of 2.15–4.77 t/ha and 1.95–4.11 t/ha during the 3-year research of dry mass yield. Compared to the variants without additional sowing of grasses and fertilizer use, the highest productivity of haymaking was upon the additional sowing of cereal grass mixtures and applying of N60P30K60 – 12 % and 85 %, respectively. Productivity of perennial mowing increased upon the additional sowing of Trifolium repens and applying of P30K60 on 85 % and 111 % respectively. The best uniformity of distribution of biomass crop by slopes was obtained by the use of multifaceted use of creeping clover with the introduction of P30K60, when the proportion of 1st slope was 39%, 2nd - 33 and 3rd – 28% with unevenness, which is expressed by the coefficient variation - 18%. Among the measures of surface improvement on the quality of feed by chemical composition, increasing, first of all, the content of crude protein, influenced by the introduction of N60P30K60 or 15 t / ha of manure, and in the case of multi-grade use - the sowing of clover on the background P30K60. Irrespective of the measures of surface improvement, higher crude protein content, better energy consumption and nutritious nutritional value of feed were characterized by a multi-use (pasture imitation) mode of use than hay. Conclusions. For surface improvement of the meadows of the Carpathian mountain forest belt with natural herbage, the annual application of N60P30K60, or 15 t / ha of manure, or – N60P30K60 + sowing of a mixture of grass meadows and sapwood with sapwood, on the grass meadows, is a factor of increasing their productivity and improving the quality of herbage. use or – P30K60 + clover seeding for high quality use. The best positive effect is the application of mineral fertilizers in combination with sowing of perennial grasses.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133746387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.02.04
V. F. Kaminskyі, S. Dvoretska, T.V. Karazhbey, M. Shevchuk
The aim of the research was: to study ways to increase the productivity of beans by combining in a single process fertilizer, pre-sowing seed treatment with drugs based on an active strain of nodule bacteria, growth stimulants of biological origin, micronutrients in the form of negligence. Methods. The research program included: phenological observations of plant development (development phases and stages of organogenesis), morphological - on the formation of elements of productivity, leaf apparatus and duration of its functioning, morphophysiological - on the dynamics of development of productivity elements, the formation of productive potential. Results. The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers, growth stimulants and microfertilizers to increase the productivity of beans and its quality. It is established that the maximum yield of beans - 2.81 t / ha (in 2018 3.30 t / ha) at the level of absolute control, respectively 1.05 t / ha was formed on the option, which involves the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of P60K60 + N30 + N30 kg / ha d.r., sowing of seeds treated with a strain of nodule bacteria BTU - p and joint treatment of crops with growth stimulants in the physique of branching and budding with microfertilizers in the budding phase. The maximum increase in yield was 0.92 t / ha, and 0.86 t / ha from the application of fertilizers was obtained with the application of P60K60 + N30 + N15 and P 0 K0 + N30 + N30, with the control of 1.05 t / ha. Pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria BTU-r provided an increase in yield - 0.24 - 0.39 t / ha. The use of growth stimulator in the technology of cultivation provided an increase in crop productivity by 1.04 t / ha on the background without seed inoculation, with inoculation - 2.22 t / ha compared to the absolute control (1.05 t / ha). Co-application of growth stimulant with microfertilizers on crops yielded 2.41 t / ha with a protein content of 20.39%.
这项研究的目的是:研究通过在单一过程中结合肥料、播种前种子处理与基于结核细菌活性菌株的药物、生物来源的生长刺激剂、疏忽形式的微量营养素来提高豆类生产力的方法。方法。研究项目包括:植物发育的物候观察(器官发生的发育阶段和阶段)，形态学观察(生产力要素的形成，叶器官及其功能持续时间)，形态生理学观察(生产力要素的发展动态，生产潜力的形成)。结果。本文介绍了矿质肥料、生长刺激剂和微量肥料对提高大豆生产力和品质的有效性的研究结果。建立它的最高产量bean - 2.81吨/公顷(2018年3.30吨/公顷)的绝对控制,分别为1.05吨/公顷成立的选项,其中包括矿物肥料的应用的剂量P60K60 + N30 + N30公斤/公顷d.r,播种的种子处理的根瘤菌BTU - p和联合治疗作物增长兴奋剂体格的分支和出芽微肥都在萌芽阶段。在1.05 t / ha的对照条件下，P60K60 + N30 + N15和p0k0 + N30 + N30的产量增幅最大，为0.86 t / ha。播前接种一株固氮菌BTU-r可增产0.24 ~ 0.39 t / ha。在栽培技术中使用生长刺激剂，在不接种种子的情况下，作物产量增加了1.04 t / ha，与绝对对照(1.05 t / ha)相比，接种量增加了2.22 t / ha。促生长剂与微量肥配施产量为2.41 t / hm2，蛋白质含量为20.39%。
{"title":"Ways to increase bean productivity and quality with different growing technologies","authors":"V. F. Kaminskyі, S. Dvoretska, T.V. Karazhbey, M. Shevchuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was: to study ways to increase the productivity of beans by combining in a single process fertilizer, pre-sowing seed treatment with drugs based on an active strain of nodule bacteria, growth stimulants of biological origin, micronutrients in the form of negligence. Methods. The research program included: phenological observations of plant development (development phases and stages of organogenesis), morphological - on the formation of elements of productivity, leaf apparatus and duration of its functioning, morphophysiological - on the dynamics of development of productivity elements, the formation of productive potential. Results. The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers, growth stimulants and microfertilizers to increase the productivity of beans and its quality. It is established that the maximum yield of beans - 2.81 t / ha (in 2018 3.30 t / ha) at the level of absolute control, respectively 1.05 t / ha was formed on the option, which involves the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of P60K60 + N30 + N30 kg / ha d.r., sowing of seeds treated with a strain of nodule bacteria BTU - p and joint treatment of crops with growth stimulants in the physique of branching and budding with microfertilizers in the budding phase. The maximum increase in yield was 0.92 t / ha, and 0.86 t / ha from the application of fertilizers was obtained with the application of P60K60 + N30 + N15 and P 0 K0 + N30 + N30, with the control of 1.05 t / ha. Pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria BTU-r provided an increase in yield - 0.24 - 0.39 t / ha. The use of growth stimulator in the technology of cultivation provided an increase in crop productivity by 1.04 t / ha on the background without seed inoculation, with inoculation - 2.22 t / ha compared to the absolute control (1.05 t / ha). Co-application of growth stimulant with microfertilizers on crops yielded 2.41 t / ha with a protein content of 20.39%.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"54 14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124695920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.01.01
V. F. Kaminskyі, L.P. Kolomіets, I.P. Shevtchenko, N. I. Shkvyr, V. Povydalo
On results undertaken studies systematization is carried out and in theory - methodological positions are deep on this basis practical recommendations are offered in relation to basic directions of ecological optimization of the use of earth-resource potential erosive dangerous agrolandscape by working and development of theoretical and applied bases of the adaptive-landscape systems of agriculture, newest systems of land-tenure, aimed at the rational use and protection of agricultural land, differentiated adaptation of technological means to soil-landscape-climatic factors and economic conditions of modern agricultural.The research was aimed at identifying the latest approaches to the organization of modern land use, which will necessitate the development of farming and land use systems on an ecological and landscape basis, given the different levels of intensification and resource provision, which in turn requires the improvement of existing and development of new components and the whole complex of agricultural systems, in particular in the context of climate change, risks of water and wind erosion and desertification.Many years of domestic experience in developing the scientific basis for the organization and management of agricultural land use, taking into account the basic principles of the concept of sustainable development shows that land management design based on landscape-ecological approach to the organization of agricultural land use is quite capable of becoming a link. unified system of theory and practice of organization of ecologically balanced land use at all levels.The principles of designing the organization of the territory of erosively dangerous sloping agrolandscapes for the development of soil protection adaptive-landscape system of agriculture on sloping lands (theoretical and methodological principles of landscape-adaptive land management, methodological approaches to substantiate land management projects on a landscape-ecological basis).
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Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.02.10
Yevhen Zaika
Plant height is an important component of the model of many wheat varieties. Studies aimed at identifying the relationship between important economic characteristics of wheat and heights are relevant given the long process of wheat domestication. The article highlights the results of a research of plant height and lodging resistance of 28 winter wheat varieties created in the period from 1971 to 2017. Studies have shown that varieties vary in height and lodging resistance over the years. In terms of height relative to the variety-standard Perlyna Lisostepu, the highest yield were of the varieties Zhuravka (112 cm), Miryutinka (113 cm), Kievskaya-73 (102 cm), Pamiati Girka (103 cm). The lowest varieties were Gnome (65 cm), Analog (77 cm), Kievskaya polukarlikova (76 cm), Shchedraya Polesia (83 cm). According to the resistance to lodging, the studied varieties can be attributed to different groups. Varieties created after 1992 were resistant to lodging: Kraevid, Polesskaya-90, Gnom, Analog, Kesaria Polisska, Olzhana. Conventionally dividing varieties into groups according to the years of creation in the period from 1971 to 2012, you can notice a tendency to decrease in height and increase resistance to lodging with each subsequent variety change. According to the results of field tests, the average height of winter soft wheat varieties of the Institute of Agriculture created in the period from 1992-2017 decreased by 5 cm compared to varieties created in the period from 1971 to 1992.So, the results obtained indicate the active involvement of short-stemmed genotypes in the breeding process of winter wheat, which are still being successfully studied. Most varieties of the Institute belong to the semi-dwarf group in terms of height and are highly resistant to lodging, and therefore are promising as a source of economically valuable traits.
{"title":"A sign of plant height and resistance to lodging of soft wheat varieties of the different variety rotation","authors":"Yevhen Zaika","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"Plant height is an important component of the model of many wheat varieties. Studies aimed at identifying the relationship between important economic characteristics of wheat and heights are relevant given the long process of wheat domestication. The article highlights the results of a research of plant height and lodging resistance of 28 winter wheat varieties created in the period from 1971 to 2017. Studies have shown that varieties vary in height and lodging resistance over the years. In terms of height relative to the variety-standard Perlyna Lisostepu, the highest yield were of the varieties Zhuravka (112 cm), Miryutinka (113 cm), Kievskaya-73 (102 cm), Pamiati Girka (103 cm). The lowest varieties were Gnome (65 cm), Analog (77 cm), Kievskaya polukarlikova (76 cm), Shchedraya Polesia (83 cm). According to the resistance to lodging, the studied varieties can be attributed to different groups. Varieties created after 1992 were resistant to lodging: Kraevid, Polesskaya-90, Gnom, Analog, Kesaria Polisska, Olzhana. Conventionally dividing varieties into groups according to the years of creation in the period from 1971 to 2012, you can notice a tendency to decrease in height and increase resistance to lodging with each subsequent variety change. According to the results of field tests, the average height of winter soft wheat varieties of the Institute of Agriculture created in the period from 1992-2017 decreased by 5 cm compared to varieties created in the period from 1971 to 1992.So, the results obtained indicate the active involvement of short-stemmed genotypes in the breeding process of winter wheat, which are still being successfully studied. Most varieties of the Institute belong to the semi-dwarf group in terms of height and are highly resistant to lodging, and therefore are promising as a source of economically valuable traits.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116043049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.02.11
O. Levchenko, O. Kostenko, L. Holyk, I. Shpakovych
The aim of the work was to evaluate the collection samples of winter triticale by protein content and to establish the relationship between its quantity and other valuable economic features. Materials and methods. Collection samples of winter triticale, infrared spectrometry method, mathematical and statistical processing. Results. According to the protein content, the samples was divided into four groups. The average protein content in the collection nursery was 11.2% with the variability of individual values from 9.3% to 12.2%. The average reliable inverse correlation of yield with protein content in grain (r = −0.37) and weak line with starch content (r = 0.17) were established, Conclusions. An inverse relationship of medium strength between starch and protein content has been found. which proves the possibility of selection to increase grain yield without reducing the starch content. An inverse correlation between protein content and grain yield has been shown.
{"title":"The results of using in the breeding process of collection samples of winter triticale in terms of grain quality","authors":"O. Levchenko, O. Kostenko, L. Holyk, I. Shpakovych","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to evaluate the collection samples of winter triticale by protein content and to establish the relationship between its quantity and other valuable economic features. Materials and methods. Collection samples of winter triticale, infrared spectrometry method, mathematical and statistical processing. Results. According to the protein content, the samples was divided into four groups. The average protein content in the collection nursery was 11.2% with the variability of individual values from 9.3% to 12.2%. The average reliable inverse correlation of yield with protein content in grain (r = −0.37) and weak line with starch content (r = 0.17) were established, Conclusions. An inverse relationship of medium strength between starch and protein content has been found. which proves the possibility of selection to increase grain yield without reducing the starch content. An inverse correlation between protein content and grain yield has been shown.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133894523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-05DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.02.12
N. Pysarenko, V. Sydorchuk, N. Zakharchuk
Objective. To determine and evaluate the indicators of changes in the water regime of the most common varieties of potatoes (on the 60th and 85th day of germination) in the conditions of central Polissya of Ukraine, namely the coefficients of water recovery, water retention, drought resistance and water deficit. Methods. Field and laboratory-based, selection and statistical. Results. The coefficients of water retention, water recovery capacity and drought resistance and water deficit of plant leaves are determined. The highest water content of potato leaves was observed among the following varieties: Tyras, Nahoroda, Serpanok, Slovianka and Chervona Ruta. It is established that the mechanism of water recovery in potato varieties of different maturity groups is different, the highest percentage of this indicator in early-maturing varieties is observed on the 60th day from germination, in the mid ripening group on the 85th day from germination. High value of the integrated indicator of water recovery was demonstrated by the following varieties: Tyras, Vyhoda, Yavir, Lietana, Slovianka Volodarka, Bazaliia and Chervona Ruta. It was found that on the 60th day from germination among the following potato varieties: Chervona Ruta, Serpanok, Avanhard, Mezhyrichka, Nahoroda, Oleksandryt, Radomysl and Bazaliia, the drought resistance coefficient was ≤ 80%. It was found that only in the varieties Tyras and Slovianka, on the 85th day after germination, there is an increase in the numerical expression of the drought resistance coefficient, which indicates an increased degree of adaptation of plants to soil moisture deficiency. In the first and second record the indicator of water deficit of the most of the studied varieties of potatoes was within acceptable limits, indicating a slight negative effect of weather conditions on the physiological state of plants. A slightly increased indicator of water deficit was observed on the 60th day of germination among the following potato varieties: Tyras, Volodarka and Levada, but within two weeks it decreased to a safe level. Conclusions. We recommend growing potato varieties that have shown high values of integrated indicators of water regime in the area of central Polissya and use as a source material for breeding purposes in the creation of new drought-resistant genotypes.
{"title":"Study of resistance of potato varieties to drought in the conditions of the Central Polissya of Ukraine","authors":"N. Pysarenko, V. Sydorchuk, N. Zakharchuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.02.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.12","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To determine and evaluate the indicators of changes in the water regime of the most common varieties of potatoes (on the 60th and 85th day of germination) in the conditions of central Polissya of Ukraine, namely the coefficients of water recovery, water retention, drought resistance and water deficit. Methods. Field and laboratory-based, selection and statistical. Results. The coefficients of water retention, water recovery capacity and drought resistance and water deficit of plant leaves are determined. The highest water content of potato leaves was observed among the following varieties: Tyras, Nahoroda, Serpanok, Slovianka and Chervona Ruta. It is established that the mechanism of water recovery in potato varieties of different maturity groups is different, the highest percentage of this indicator in early-maturing varieties is observed on the 60th day from germination, in the mid ripening group on the 85th day from germination. High value of the integrated indicator of water recovery was demonstrated by the following varieties: Tyras, Vyhoda, Yavir, Lietana, Slovianka Volodarka, Bazaliia and Chervona Ruta. It was found that on the 60th day from germination among the following potato varieties: Chervona Ruta, Serpanok, Avanhard, Mezhyrichka, Nahoroda, Oleksandryt, Radomysl and Bazaliia, the drought resistance coefficient was ≤ 80%. It was found that only in the varieties Tyras and Slovianka, on the 85th day after germination, there is an increase in the numerical expression of the drought resistance coefficient, which indicates an increased degree of adaptation of plants to soil moisture deficiency. In the first and second record the indicator of water deficit of the most of the studied varieties of potatoes was within acceptable limits, indicating a slight negative effect of weather conditions on the physiological state of plants. A slightly increased indicator of water deficit was observed on the 60th day of germination among the following potato varieties: Tyras, Volodarka and Levada, but within two weeks it decreased to a safe level. Conclusions. We recommend growing potato varieties that have shown high values of integrated indicators of water regime in the area of central Polissya and use as a source material for breeding purposes in the creation of new drought-resistant genotypes.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131252700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.01.08
V. Kurhak, S. Panasyuk
Goal. Establish the best perennial legumes when grown in single-species and compatible fodder agrocenoses with stokolos boneless and the effectiveness of the use of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing bacterial preparations, as well as liming. Methods. General scientific − hypotheses, inductions and deductions, analogies, generalizations and special − field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical, computational and comparative. Results. Based on the generalization of literature sources, it is proved that the creation of sown grasslands, with high content of perennial legumes on meadows and arable lands, which are derived from intensive cultivation is one of the most promising areas of organic onion growing. Productivity of single-species crops of perennial legumes and their mixtures with boneless stalk on average for five years after the yield of 1 ha of dry mass in the version without fertilizers ranged from 5.12 to 8.38 tons, which is 1.7−2.5 times more in comparison with a grassy grass stand which is formed from one-species crops of a stokolos of a boneless. The highest productivity and level of symbiotic nitrogen accumulation (191−266 kg / ha) were provided by agrocenoses with the participation of alfalfa, and the lowest - meadow clover. The efficiency of soil liming during sowing of grasses and application of inoculation of seeds of perennial legumes with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing preparations is given. Changes in the chemical composition of feed under the influence of the studied factors are also shown. Conclusions. Different types of perennial legumes and their mixtures with boneless stalk without fertilizers provide productivity in the range of 5.12−8.38 t / ha of dry weight, which is 1.7−2.5 times more than the grass cover, which is formed from single-species sowing of stokolos bezzostoy. Inoculation of perennial legume seeds with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-releasing microbiological preparations increases the productivity of perennial legumes and their mixtures with cereals by 2−6%, and soil liming before sowing – by 3−11%. The greatest effect is provided by the combined use of these bacterial drugs. Alfalfa sowing responds best to their use and liming.
{"title":"Productivity of long-term bean grass in single-species and compatible with anwless bromegrass feed agrophytocenoses","authors":"V. Kurhak, S. Panasyuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Establish the best perennial legumes when grown in single-species and compatible fodder agrocenoses with stokolos boneless and the effectiveness of the use of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing bacterial preparations, as well as liming. Methods. General scientific − hypotheses, inductions and deductions, analogies, generalizations and special − field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical, computational and comparative. Results. Based on the generalization of literature sources, it is proved that the creation of sown grasslands, with high content of perennial legumes on meadows and arable lands, which are derived from intensive cultivation is one of the most promising areas of organic onion growing. Productivity of single-species crops of perennial legumes and their mixtures with boneless stalk on average for five years after the yield of 1 ha of dry mass in the version without fertilizers ranged from 5.12 to 8.38 tons, which is 1.7−2.5 times more in comparison with a grassy grass stand which is formed from one-species crops of a stokolos of a boneless. The highest productivity and level of symbiotic nitrogen accumulation (191−266 kg / ha) were provided by agrocenoses with the participation of alfalfa, and the lowest - meadow clover. The efficiency of soil liming during sowing of grasses and application of inoculation of seeds of perennial legumes with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing preparations is given. Changes in the chemical composition of feed under the influence of the studied factors are also shown. Conclusions. Different types of perennial legumes and their mixtures with boneless stalk without fertilizers provide productivity in the range of 5.12−8.38 t / ha of dry weight, which is 1.7−2.5 times more than the grass cover, which is formed from single-species sowing of stokolos bezzostoy. Inoculation of perennial legume seeds with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-releasing microbiological preparations increases the productivity of perennial legumes and their mixtures with cereals by 2−6%, and soil liming before sowing – by 3−11%. The greatest effect is provided by the combined use of these bacterial drugs. Alfalfa sowing responds best to their use and liming.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133852993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.54651/agri.2021.01.10
O. Kostenko, V. Voloshyn, I.A. Lutak, V. Mazur
The results of the research of the impact of the introduction of biologicals Biocomplex-BTU and Organic-balance on seed productivity and yield properties of winter rye varieties Siverske and Intensive 99 were presented in the article. The aim of the research was to determine the impact of biologicals on seed productivity, sowing qualities and yield properties of winter rye seeds in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. According to the results of the research, the combination of pre-sowing seed treatment and double spraying of crops: in the phases of spring tillering (III e.o.) and plant emergence in the tube (IV e.o.) increases seed productivity by 3.1–11.5%. It is determined that pre-sowing seed treatment provides an increase in sowing qualities of seeds (germination energy, laboratory germination) by an average of 2.8-3.8 %. It is recommended in the Forest-Steppe conditions for farms growing basic (elite) seeds of winter rye to use biological products Biocomplex-BTU or Organic-Balance in a complex way, namely: pre-sowing seed treatment (2.0 and 1.5 l / t) and double spraying of crops in the phases of spring tillering (0.8 and 0.5 l / ha) and the release of plants into the tube (0.8 and 0.5 l / ha, respectively). This provides an increase in grain and seeds in winter rye varieties by an average of 0.42 and 0.36 t / ha, depending on the biological product.
本文介绍了生物制剂bicomplex - btu和有机平衡对冬黑麦品种Siverske和Intensive 99种子生产力和产量特性影响的研究结果。研究的目的是确定在乌克兰森林草原条件下，生物制剂对冬季黑麦种子产量、播种质量和产量特性的影响。研究结果表明，在春分蘖期(III期)和试管出苗期(IV期)，采用播前种子处理与双喷相结合的方法，可使种子产量提高3.1 ~ 11.5%。经测定，播前种子处理可使种子的播种品质(发芽能、实验室萌发)平均提高2.8- 3.8%。建议在森林-草原条件下，种植冬季黑麦基础(优质)种子的农场采用复合方式使用生物制品Biocomplex-BTU或Organic-Balance，即:播种前种子处理(2.0和1.5 l / t)和春分蘖阶段作物双喷(0.8和0.5 l / ha)，植株释放到管中(分别为0.8和0.5 l / ha)。这使得冬季黑麦品种的籽粒和种子平均增加0.42和0.36吨/公顷，具体取决于生物制品。
{"title":"Іnfluence of biopreparations on indicators of sowing qualities and productive properties of winter rye seeds","authors":"O. Kostenko, V. Voloshyn, I.A. Lutak, V. Mazur","doi":"10.54651/agri.2021.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the research of the impact of the introduction of biologicals Biocomplex-BTU and Organic-balance on seed productivity and yield properties of winter rye varieties Siverske and Intensive 99 were presented in the article. The aim of the research was to determine the impact of biologicals on seed productivity, sowing qualities and yield properties of winter rye seeds in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. According to the results of the research, the combination of pre-sowing seed treatment and double spraying of crops: in the phases of spring tillering (III e.o.) and plant emergence in the tube (IV e.o.) increases seed productivity by 3.1–11.5%. It is determined that pre-sowing seed treatment provides an increase in sowing qualities of seeds (germination energy, laboratory germination) by an average of 2.8-3.8 %. It is recommended in the Forest-Steppe conditions for farms growing basic (elite) seeds of winter rye to use biological products Biocomplex-BTU or Organic-Balance in a complex way, namely: pre-sowing seed treatment (2.0 and 1.5 l / t) and double spraying of crops in the phases of spring tillering (0.8 and 0.5 l / ha) and the release of plants into the tube (0.8 and 0.5 l / ha, respectively). This provides an increase in grain and seeds in winter rye varieties by an average of 0.42 and 0.36 t / ha, depending on the biological product.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115122662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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