Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.02.09
A. Prodanyk, O. Samborska
Aim. Creation and transfer to the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine genetic sources of millet with race-specific resistance against smut in combination with other economically valuable traits. Methods. In 2019 was laid a breeding nursery of raw material with signs of improved technological qualities of grain (high mass of 1000 grains, optimum film density, high grain alignment and spherical grain shape). In order to isolate forms of millet that are immune to different races of smut and to create sources of simultaneous resistance against damage to the most aggressive races of smut an analysis of the virulence of races was carried out and the most virulent of them were selected, which can characterize resistance against all 13 pathotypes in total. Results. A reconsideration for the resistance of millet against smut was carried out on a p infectious background of the most effective races of the pathogen for a well-established method of assessing the race-specific resistance of millet to smut, developed in the National Research Center of Institute of agriculture. Conclusion. In 2020 5 lines – sources of group resistance against smut – were selected in the nurseries of trials of breeding material of millet ( (l. 1110-05, l. 1727-14, l. 2142-14, l. 3199-16, l. 3267-16), which combined resistance in different ratios against the most virulent and aggressive pathotypes of smut – Rs2, Rs3 and Rs12 with economically valuable traits. 3 samples are also selected (l. 1427-08, l. 2098-14, l. 2155-14), which overwhelm the standards for a complex of economic and valuable signs: resistance to lodging (8.5 points), resistance to melanosis damage (lesion – 0%), high weight of 1000 grains > 9g, low film density (13.5–15.0%), spherical grain shape, race-specific resistance to the soot race group with the most virulent and aggressive races of the pathogen – Rs2 and Rs12. These lines of own breeding were transferred to the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine under catalog numbers IUDS019538, IUDS019539, IUDS019540, IUDS019541, IUDS019542, IUDS019543, IUDS019544, IUDS019545) as genetic sources of resistance of millet to the most common race of smut in combination with other economically valuable traits for use in breeding and scientific programs of scientific-research institutions of Ukraine.
{"title":"Development of smut resistance genetic resources in millet with other economically valuable features","authors":"A. Prodanyk, O. Samborska","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Creation and transfer to the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine genetic sources of millet with race-specific resistance against smut in combination with other economically valuable traits. Methods. In 2019 was laid a breeding nursery of raw material with signs of improved technological qualities of grain (high mass of 1000 grains, optimum film density, high grain alignment and spherical grain shape). In order to isolate forms of millet that are immune to different races of smut and to create sources of simultaneous resistance against damage to the most aggressive races of smut an analysis of the virulence of races was carried out and the most virulent of them were selected, which can characterize resistance against all 13 pathotypes in total. Results. A reconsideration for the resistance of millet against smut was carried out on a p infectious background of the most effective races of the pathogen for a well-established method of assessing the race-specific resistance of millet to smut, developed in the National Research Center of Institute of agriculture. Conclusion. In 2020 5 lines – sources of group resistance against smut – were selected in the nurseries of trials of breeding material of millet ( (l. 1110-05, l. 1727-14, l. 2142-14, l. 3199-16, l. 3267-16), which combined resistance in different ratios against the most virulent and aggressive pathotypes of smut – Rs2, Rs3 and Rs12 with economically valuable traits. 3 samples are also selected (l. 1427-08, l. 2098-14, l. 2155-14), which overwhelm the standards for a complex of economic and valuable signs: resistance to lodging (8.5 points), resistance to melanosis damage (lesion – 0%), high weight of 1000 grains > 9g, low film density (13.5–15.0%), spherical grain shape, race-specific resistance to the soot race group with the most virulent and aggressive races of the pathogen – Rs2 and Rs12. These lines of own breeding were transferred to the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine under catalog numbers IUDS019538, IUDS019539, IUDS019540, IUDS019541, IUDS019542, IUDS019543, IUDS019544, IUDS019545) as genetic sources of resistance of millet to the most common race of smut in combination with other economically valuable traits for use in breeding and scientific programs of scientific-research institutions of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"160 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128959124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.02.06
V. Kurhak, L. Šarūnaitė, V. Shtakal, Ya.V. Havrysh
Aim. To establish indicators of economic and energy efficiency in the cultivation of alfalfa-cereal mixtures under the influence of lime and fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, economic-mathematical. Results. The influence of lime and fertilizers on only alfalfa, alfalfa-cereal and only cereal agrophytocenoses was carried out during 2019−2021 in the Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine on dark gray podsolized coarse silt-light loam soil. The results of research on the study of economic and energy efficiency indicators are shown in terms of the cost of gross production, total costs, net profit, profitability per 1 hectare, cost of fodder units and raw protein, payback of total energy costs, gross and exchangeable energy output are calculated per1 ton. Conclusions. The use of symbiotic nitrogen fixed by alfalfa in its single and mixture crops with cereal increases the net profit from 6.9 to 27.1−35.0 or by 20.2−28.1 thousand UAH/ha, profitability − from 114 to 300−343%, KEE − from 5.7 to 10.9−12.4 and BEC − from 3.0 to 6.1−7.1, and the cost of 1 ton of fodder units decreases from 2.6 to 1.2−1.4 thousand UAH, and energy consumption per 1 ton of fodder units from 4.30 to 1.64−2.0 MJ. The annual application of P45K90 reduces net profit by 3.7−4.4 thousand UAH/ha, profitability by 160−168%, KEE by 1.6−2.5 and BEC by 0.6−1.3 and increases the cost price of 1 ton of fodder units − by 763−827 UAH and energy costs per 1 ton of fodder units − by 0.58−1.55 compare that to the option without fertilizers. The application of lime reduces the profitability of cultivation by 25−78%, KEE – by 0.2−1.0 and BEC – by 0.1−0.5 and increases the cost of 1 ton of fodder units – by 143−369 UAH/ha. The combined application of the fertilizers and lime reduces profitability by 55-194%, KEE by 2.1−2.8 and BEC by 1.0−1.5, and increases cost and energy costs per 1 ton of fodder units.
{"title":"Economic and energy efficiency of cultivation of alfalfa-cereal herbage","authors":"V. Kurhak, L. Šarūnaitė, V. Shtakal, Ya.V. Havrysh","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To establish indicators of economic and energy efficiency in the cultivation of alfalfa-cereal mixtures under the influence of lime and fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, economic-mathematical. Results. The influence of lime and fertilizers on only alfalfa, alfalfa-cereal and only cereal agrophytocenoses was carried out during 2019−2021 in the Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine on dark gray podsolized coarse silt-light loam soil. The results of research on the study of economic and energy efficiency indicators are shown in terms of the cost of gross production, total costs, net profit, profitability per 1 hectare, cost of fodder units and raw protein, payback of total energy costs, gross and exchangeable energy output are calculated per1 ton. Conclusions. The use of symbiotic nitrogen fixed by alfalfa in its single and mixture crops with cereal increases the net profit from 6.9 to 27.1−35.0 or by 20.2−28.1 thousand UAH/ha, profitability − from 114 to 300−343%, KEE − from 5.7 to 10.9−12.4 and BEC − from 3.0 to 6.1−7.1, and the cost of 1 ton of fodder units decreases from 2.6 to 1.2−1.4 thousand UAH, and energy consumption per 1 ton of fodder units from 4.30 to 1.64−2.0 MJ. The annual application of P45K90 reduces net profit by 3.7−4.4 thousand UAH/ha, profitability by 160−168%, KEE by 1.6−2.5 and BEC by 0.6−1.3 and increases the cost price of 1 ton of fodder units − by 763−827 UAH and energy costs per 1 ton of fodder units − by 0.58−1.55 compare that to the option without fertilizers. The application of lime reduces the profitability of cultivation by 25−78%, KEE – by 0.2−1.0 and BEC – by 0.1−0.5 and increases the cost of 1 ton of fodder units – by 143−369 UAH/ha. The combined application of the fertilizers and lime reduces profitability by 55-194%, KEE by 2.1−2.8 and BEC by 1.0−1.5, and increases cost and energy costs per 1 ton of fodder units.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"394 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115830119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-02DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.02.01
O.V. Demуdenko, S. Vitvitskyy, O. I. Vitvitska
Aim. To establish the relationship between energy efficiency of crop production with the balance of carbon monoxide during the period of increasing manure application (1956–1995) and its replacement by by-products as organic fertilizer and to develop a model of carbon monoxide and agrocenosis depending on energy costs in agriculture. AIC of Cherkasy region in the period from 1956 to 2020. Methods. Information-analytical, mathematical-statistical (correlation-regression, factor, method of nonparametric statistics). Results. The increase in energy efficiency in agriculture of the region's agro-industrial complex is associated with a decrease in the formation of humus from organic fertilizers, when the increase in Kee per unit was accompanied by a decrease in humus production of 0.16 million tons and accompanied by an increase in mineralization (Kee per unit was 2.42 million. tons of C-CO2 mineralization). During the period of manure application and supplementation with crop and root residues, the ratio of С-СО2, which passed from manure and crop residues to humus was in the range of 0.7–1.2 to 1, but due to the higher level of humification coefficients of crop and root residues mineralization of manure is a more intense source of C-CO2 emissions compared to the mineralization of crop and root residues, which are a stock factor of C-CO2. With the complete replacement of manure by side phytomass as an organic fertilizer, the emission of C-CO2 from the mineralization of its excess remains lower on average by 2.27 times compared to the period of manure application. Conclusions. With the growth of Kee, the level of mineral processes increases and the sequestration capacity of С-СО2 decreases (according to Ib humus and agrocenosis), agricultural productivity increases, but the fertility of agricultural lands decreases, which is typical for the period of manure application. When manure is replaced by by-products, the Kee, the level of mineralization processes and the increase of sequestration capacity of С-СО2 humus and agrocenosis decrease, which provides conditions for the formation of land fertility against the background of reduced agricultural productivity.
{"title":"Сirculation of carbon oxide depending on the energy efficiency of agriculture – regional aspect","authors":"O.V. Demуdenko, S. Vitvitskyy, O. I. Vitvitska","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To establish the relationship between energy efficiency of crop production with the balance of carbon monoxide during the period of increasing manure application (1956–1995) and its replacement by by-products as organic fertilizer and to develop a model of carbon monoxide and agrocenosis depending on energy costs in agriculture. AIC of Cherkasy region in the period from 1956 to 2020. Methods. Information-analytical, mathematical-statistical (correlation-regression, factor, method of nonparametric statistics). Results. The increase in energy efficiency in agriculture of the region's agro-industrial complex is associated with a decrease in the formation of humus from organic fertilizers, when the increase in Kee per unit was accompanied by a decrease in humus production of 0.16 million tons and accompanied by an increase in mineralization (Kee per unit was 2.42 million. tons of C-CO2 mineralization). During the period of manure application and supplementation with crop and root residues, the ratio of С-СО2, which passed from manure and crop residues to humus was in the range of 0.7–1.2 to 1, but due to the higher level of humification coefficients of crop and root residues mineralization of manure is a more intense source of C-CO2 emissions compared to the mineralization of crop and root residues, which are a stock factor of C-CO2. With the complete replacement of manure by side phytomass as an organic fertilizer, the emission of C-CO2 from the mineralization of its excess remains lower on average by 2.27 times compared to the period of manure application. Conclusions. With the growth of Kee, the level of mineral processes increases and the sequestration capacity of С-СО2 decreases (according to Ib humus and agrocenosis), agricultural productivity increases, but the fertility of agricultural lands decreases, which is typical for the period of manure application. When manure is replaced by by-products, the Kee, the level of mineralization processes and the increase of sequestration capacity of С-СО2 humus and agrocenosis decrease, which provides conditions for the formation of land fertility against the background of reduced agricultural productivity.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115513166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-02DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.02.04
I. Malynovska, S.E. Degodiyk
aim. To monitor changes in the microbial component of gray forest soil under the influence of traditional and modern types of fertilizers used in modern agriculture. Methods. Microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. Results. It has been established that the use of the organo-mineral fertilization system allows to intensify the development of soil organic matter by 56.3%, the mineralization of nitrogen compounds by 14.7%, increases the oligotrophy coefficient by 22.5%, reduce the activity of humus mineralization by 68.7 % and increase the total biological activity by 5.65%. Doubling the dose of mineral fertilizers against the background of the organic fertilization system (the 4th year after the introduction of 60 t/ha of cattle litter manure) leads to an increase in the level of consumption of soil organic matter by 22.3%. It is consistent with the data of previous growing season: application of unbalanced doses of mineral fertilizers provokes the decomposition of soil organic matter. The value of the nitrogen mineralization coefficient and humus mineralization activity does not change as a result of applying a double dose of mineral fertilizers. But the total biological activity increases by 16.8%. Applying a double dose of mineral fertilizers reduces soil phytotoxicity by 17.6 %. Plowing of pea straw against the background of an organo-mineral fertilization system intensifies the development of organic matter of gray forest soil by 13.4%, reduces the intensity of mineralization of nitrogen compounds by 14.3%, reduces the activity of humus mineralization by 10.7%, does not affect the phytotoxicity of gray forest soil. The application of organic fertilizers leads to the intensification of mineralization processes (compared to the mineral fertilization system (N50Р30К50) soil organic matter by 23.7 %, nitrogen compounds by 18.2%; slowing down of humus mineralization processes by 31.3%, increasing the deficit of easily digestible nutrients by 22.5%, an increase of total biological activity by 8.24%, a decrease of phytotoxicity by 13.3%. Conclusions. The application of organic fertilizers in the form of cattle manure optimizes soil-forming processes, prevents the mineralization of humus, which is the main factor of potential soil fertility, and creates conditions for improving the mineral nutrition of plants, which is the basis of increasing the level of effective soil fertility.
{"title":"Monitoring research of the direction of mineralization processes under the influence of organo-mineral and organic fertilization systems","authors":"I. Malynovska, S.E. Degodiyk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"aim. To monitor changes in the microbial component of gray forest soil under the influence of traditional and modern types of fertilizers used in modern agriculture. Methods. Microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. Results. It has been established that the use of the organo-mineral fertilization system allows to intensify the development of soil organic matter by 56.3%, the mineralization of nitrogen compounds by 14.7%, increases the oligotrophy coefficient by 22.5%, reduce the activity of humus mineralization by 68.7 % and increase the total biological activity by 5.65%. Doubling the dose of mineral fertilizers against the background of the organic fertilization system (the 4th year after the introduction of 60 t/ha of cattle litter manure) leads to an increase in the level of consumption of soil organic matter by 22.3%. It is consistent with the data of previous growing season: application of unbalanced doses of mineral fertilizers provokes the decomposition of soil organic matter. The value of the nitrogen mineralization coefficient and humus mineralization activity does not change as a result of applying a double dose of mineral fertilizers. But the total biological activity increases by 16.8%. Applying a double dose of mineral fertilizers reduces soil phytotoxicity by 17.6 %. Plowing of pea straw against the background of an organo-mineral fertilization system intensifies the development of organic matter of gray forest soil by 13.4%, reduces the intensity of mineralization of nitrogen compounds by 14.3%, reduces the activity of humus mineralization by 10.7%, does not affect the phytotoxicity of gray forest soil. The application of organic fertilizers leads to the intensification of mineralization processes (compared to the mineral fertilization system (N50Р30К50) soil organic matter by 23.7 %, nitrogen compounds by 18.2%; slowing down of humus mineralization processes by 31.3%, increasing the deficit of easily digestible nutrients by 22.5%, an increase of total biological activity by 8.24%, a decrease of phytotoxicity by 13.3%. Conclusions. The application of organic fertilizers in the form of cattle manure optimizes soil-forming processes, prevents the mineralization of humus, which is the main factor of potential soil fertility, and creates conditions for improving the mineral nutrition of plants, which is the basis of increasing the level of effective soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126465414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.02.07
N. Pylypiv, A. Dziubailo
Aim. To establish the effect of fertilization and foliar feeding with growth regulator organic balance on the formation of fodder productivity of legume-cereal grass stands. Methods. The study was carried out in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe on dark gray podzolicglayed slightly washed soil of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS. The technology of growing perennial grasses in the experiment, in addition to the factors that we studied, is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. In the experiment, varieties of perennial legume and cereal grasses included in the State Register and bred by breeders of our Institute were sown. Results. The obtained data from the research carried out in a temporary field experiment, established in 2017, on the study of influence of fertilization and foliar feeding with growth regulator organic balance on the formation of fodder productivity of legume-cereal grass stands indicate that the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the spring and foliar feeding of vegetating grasses with growth regulator organic balance we can regulate the botanical composition of grass stand in favors of leguminous grasses and thereby to affect yield and quality of the legume-cereal grass mixtures. Conclusion. On average of three years of study in the first, second and third mowing, the most favorable conditions for the growth and development of legumes were on the plots fertilized with P60K90 (50.4, 45.7 and 34.4%) and on the control (38.7, 40.7 and 31.4%). Additional nitrogen (N60) fertilization of grasses reduced their share to 14.4, 19.8 and 20.8%.
{"title":"Dynamics of the botanical composition of sown hayfields depending on fertilization","authors":"N. Pylypiv, A. Dziubailo","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To establish the effect of fertilization and foliar feeding with growth regulator organic balance on the formation of fodder productivity of legume-cereal grass stands. Methods. The study was carried out in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe on dark gray podzolicglayed slightly washed soil of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS. The technology of growing perennial grasses in the experiment, in addition to the factors that we studied, is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. In the experiment, varieties of perennial legume and cereal grasses included in the State Register and bred by breeders of our Institute were sown. Results. The obtained data from the research carried out in a temporary field experiment, established in 2017, on the study of influence of fertilization and foliar feeding with growth regulator organic balance on the formation of fodder productivity of legume-cereal grass stands indicate that the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the spring and foliar feeding of vegetating grasses with growth regulator organic balance we can regulate the botanical composition of grass stand in favors of leguminous grasses and thereby to affect yield and quality of the legume-cereal grass mixtures. Conclusion. On average of three years of study in the first, second and third mowing, the most favorable conditions for the growth and development of legumes were on the plots fertilized with P60K90 (50.4, 45.7 and 34.4%) and on the control (38.7, 40.7 and 31.4%). Additional nitrogen (N60) fertilization of grasses reduced their share to 14.4, 19.8 and 20.8%.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"51 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115674411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.02.05
S. Okrushko
Aim. To summarize the results of the study of allelopathic pressure of water-soluble secretions of Elytrigia repens L. in the laboratory. Methods. The rhizomes of creeping wheatgrass were dried to an air-dry state and ground into 3-4 mm particles. To extract, a weighed portion of weed rhizome (0.5, 1 and 10 g) was transferred to a glass container and 100 ml of distilled water at room temperature was added. The extraction process according to the method lasted 1 day at a temperature of +200°C. The experiments were performed with aqueous extracts at a concentration of 1:1000, 1:100 and 1:10. Results. As a result of our research, it was found that the presence of water-soluble secretions from the rhizomes of creeping wheatgrass inhibits the energy of germination of corn seeds, regardless of their level of concentration. On the fourth day of the survey, it was determined that the concentrations of water extracts of wheatgrass 1:100 and 1:10 significantly suppressed the length of the germinal root of corn: 2.37 cm and 2.78 cm, respectively. Measurements of the length of the coleoptile on the 7th day of germination of corn seeds showed a decrease in this indicator in the above options by 29.5% and 30.3%, respectively, compared to the control variant. Also, the total length of the root system in these variants was 44.2% and 44.6% shorter. On the germination and subsequent growth of maize seedlings aqueous extract with a concentration of 1:1000 gave a significant stimulating effect compared to the control variant, in which the seeds were germinated in distilled water. Conclusion. Therefore, depending on the concentration in the aqueous solution of allelopathically active substances from the rhizome of creeping wheatgrass can be either stimulating or inhibiting their effect on the processes occurring during the germination of corn seeds. The results of the research explain the appearance of unfriendly maize seedlings and the lag in the growth and development of cultivated plants in locked areas.
{"title":"Іnfluence of aquatic extracts from the rhizomes of Еlytrigia repens l. on the progress of maize seeds","authors":"S. Okrushko","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To summarize the results of the study of allelopathic pressure of water-soluble secretions of Elytrigia repens L. in the laboratory. Methods. The rhizomes of creeping wheatgrass were dried to an air-dry state and ground into 3-4 mm particles. To extract, a weighed portion of weed rhizome (0.5, 1 and 10 g) was transferred to a glass container and 100 ml of distilled water at room temperature was added. The extraction process according to the method lasted 1 day at a temperature of +200°C. The experiments were performed with aqueous extracts at a concentration of 1:1000, 1:100 and 1:10. Results. As a result of our research, it was found that the presence of water-soluble secretions from the rhizomes of creeping wheatgrass inhibits the energy of germination of corn seeds, regardless of their level of concentration. On the fourth day of the survey, it was determined that the concentrations of water extracts of wheatgrass 1:100 and 1:10 significantly suppressed the length of the germinal root of corn: 2.37 cm and 2.78 cm, respectively. Measurements of the length of the coleoptile on the 7th day of germination of corn seeds showed a decrease in this indicator in the above options by 29.5% and 30.3%, respectively, compared to the control variant. Also, the total length of the root system in these variants was 44.2% and 44.6% shorter. On the germination and subsequent growth of maize seedlings aqueous extract with a concentration of 1:1000 gave a significant stimulating effect compared to the control variant, in which the seeds were germinated in distilled water. Conclusion. Therefore, depending on the concentration in the aqueous solution of allelopathically active substances from the rhizome of creeping wheatgrass can be either stimulating or inhibiting their effect on the processes occurring during the germination of corn seeds. The results of the research explain the appearance of unfriendly maize seedlings and the lag in the growth and development of cultivated plants in locked areas.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133599337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.01.05
A. Holodna, O.H. Lyubchich, H.H. Remez, O. Stolyar
Target. Intensification of photosynthetic activity of narrow-leaved lupine plants in order to increase the level of crop grain yield by creating optimal conditions for their growth and development due to the combination in the technological process of the dose of mineral fertilizers calculated for the planned yield and foliar top dressing with fertilizers during critical periods of crop development, as well as seed treatment before sowing by inoculant with a fungicide. Ways. Field (to study the interaction of the research object with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological control over the development of performance elements at the stages of organogenesis); weight (to establish the parameters of indicators of the elements of the structure of the crop and determine the yield of grain); statistical (statistical processing of research results). Results. The basis for increasing the yield of narrow-leaved lupine is the intensification of photosynthetic processes in plant organims. Strengthening these processes is impossible without optimizing the nutrition system at each of the corresponding stages of the life cycle of a plant organism. One of the ways to solve the problem of optimizing the balance of nutrients in agrocenosis is a complex combination in a single technological cycle of such elements as the main fertilizer, foliar fertilizing with microelements in an accessible form and sowing with seeds treated with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in combination with a biofungicide. The results of studies of the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers, a bioinoculant and a disinfectant, as well as foliar fertilization with a fertilizer in a chelate form at different stages of organogenesis on the photosynthetic activity of narrow-leaved lupine cultivar Peremozhets plants are presented. The optimal dose of mineral fertilizers and the timing of foliar feeding of plants, as well as the need for pre-sowing treatment of seeds with an inoculant and a biofungicide, were determined. Conclusions. Such a complex of agrotechnical measures (applying a dose of mineral fertilizers (N68P48K66) calculated for the planned grain yield of narrow-leaved lupine variety Peremozhets 3.5 t/ha, sowing with seeds treated with a bioinoculant (1 l/t) in combination with biofungicide 3 kg/ha) on II stage of organogenesis of lupine plants) contributed to the intensification of photosynthetic activity of plants (the maximum leaf surface area (659.9 cm2/growth) was formed at the VIII stage of organogenesis, most of the dry matter (13.1 g/growth) accumulated at the X stage of organogenesis, which exceeded the absolute control values by 138.8% and 61.7%, respectively.
{"title":"Photosynthetic activity of narrow-leaved lupine plants with various options for fertilization and seed treatment","authors":"A. Holodna, O.H. Lyubchich, H.H. Remez, O. Stolyar","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Target. Intensification of photosynthetic activity of narrow-leaved lupine plants in order to increase the level of crop grain yield by creating optimal conditions for their growth and development due to the combination in the technological process of the dose of mineral fertilizers calculated for the planned yield and foliar top dressing with fertilizers during critical periods of crop development, as well as seed treatment before sowing by inoculant with a fungicide. Ways. Field (to study the interaction of the research object with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological control over the development of performance elements at the stages of organogenesis); weight (to establish the parameters of indicators of the elements of the structure of the crop and determine the yield of grain); statistical (statistical processing of research results). Results. The basis for increasing the yield of narrow-leaved lupine is the intensification of photosynthetic processes in plant organims. Strengthening these processes is impossible without optimizing the nutrition system at each of the corresponding stages of the life cycle of a plant organism. One of the ways to solve the problem of optimizing the balance of nutrients in agrocenosis is a complex combination in a single technological cycle of such elements as the main fertilizer, foliar fertilizing with microelements in an accessible form and sowing with seeds treated with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in combination with a biofungicide. The results of studies of the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers, a bioinoculant and a disinfectant, as well as foliar fertilization with a fertilizer in a chelate form at different stages of organogenesis on the photosynthetic activity of narrow-leaved lupine cultivar Peremozhets plants are presented. The optimal dose of mineral fertilizers and the timing of foliar feeding of plants, as well as the need for pre-sowing treatment of seeds with an inoculant and a biofungicide, were determined. Conclusions. Such a complex of agrotechnical measures (applying a dose of mineral fertilizers (N68P48K66) calculated for the planned grain yield of narrow-leaved lupine variety Peremozhets 3.5 t/ha, sowing with seeds treated with a bioinoculant (1 l/t) in combination with biofungicide 3 kg/ha) on II stage of organogenesis of lupine plants) contributed to the intensification of photosynthetic activity of plants (the maximum leaf surface area (659.9 cm2/growth) was formed at the VIII stage of organogenesis, most of the dry matter (13.1 g/growth) accumulated at the X stage of organogenesis, which exceeded the absolute control values by 138.8% and 61.7%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"251 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122418868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.01.08
I. Kovalyova, N. Muliukina, L. Gerus, V. Skrypnyk
Replenishment of the assortment of seedless varieties of Ukrainian selection is one of the tasks of breeders of NSC «IViV them. V.Ye. Tairov ». Climate change has exacerbated and increased the duration of droughts in spring and summer. That is why it is necessary to use in crosses the parent seedless component with a known level of drought resistance. According to the results of the research, the level of drought resistance of the group of seedless varieties of the ampelographic collection of the NSC «IViV im.V.Ye. Tairov «of different genetic and geographical origin was determined . Both intraspecific hybrids of Vitis vinifera and interspecific hybrids, which in their estimated genetic formula contain 3-4 species of Vitis, were studied. The study was based on determining the level of manifestation of the physiological mechanism of protection against temperature stress - the water-holding capacity of leaf tissues. Studying the content of different fractions of water (easily retained and bound) and changes in their ratio during the growing season made it possible to identify stress-tolerant varieties. The study was conducted in years with a high level of exposure to temperature stress, which increases the objectivity of the data. The obtained results confirmed the sensitivity to the lack of moisture supply of interspecific hybrids derived from varieties created with the participation of non-drought-resistant species Vitis amurensis. The research was aimed at identifying donor varieties with the sign of «drought resistance», namely varieties with high water holding capacity. Due to the impact of lack of moisture on the grape plant, samples were taken in critical phases - the phase of intensive growth of shoots, the phase of formation and growth of berries and the phase of completion of the growing season. A rather high level of drought resistance of intraspecific hybrids has been determined, which is explained by their origin from Central Asian varieties. However, the main feature of the breeding interest that they can pass on to offspring is seedlessness and product quality. In comparison with the control values, the varieties Attika and Flame seedless stood out. These varieties are recommended for use in the further selection process as sources and donors of a set of signs of selection interest, including the ability to withstand thermal stress and lack of moisture.
{"title":"Assessment of the level of drought resistance of the group of seedless varieties of the collection of NSC «Tairov institute of viticulture and winemaking» on indicators of water-containing capacity of leaf tissues","authors":"I. Kovalyova, N. Muliukina, L. Gerus, V. Skrypnyk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"Replenishment of the assortment of seedless varieties of Ukrainian selection is one of the tasks of breeders of NSC «IViV them. V.Ye. Tairov ». Climate change has exacerbated and increased the duration of droughts in spring and summer. That is why it is necessary to use in crosses the parent seedless component with a known level of drought resistance. According to the results of the research, the level of drought resistance of the group of seedless varieties of the ampelographic collection of the NSC «IViV im.V.Ye. Tairov «of different genetic and geographical origin was determined . Both intraspecific hybrids of Vitis vinifera and interspecific hybrids, which in their estimated genetic formula contain 3-4 species of Vitis, were studied. The study was based on determining the level of manifestation of the physiological mechanism of protection against temperature stress - the water-holding capacity of leaf tissues. Studying the content of different fractions of water (easily retained and bound) and changes in their ratio during the growing season made it possible to identify stress-tolerant varieties. The study was conducted in years with a high level of exposure to temperature stress, which increases the objectivity of the data. The obtained results confirmed the sensitivity to the lack of moisture supply of interspecific hybrids derived from varieties created with the participation of non-drought-resistant species Vitis amurensis. The research was aimed at identifying donor varieties with the sign of «drought resistance», namely varieties with high water holding capacity. Due to the impact of lack of moisture on the grape plant, samples were taken in critical phases - the phase of intensive growth of shoots, the phase of formation and growth of berries and the phase of completion of the growing season. A rather high level of drought resistance of intraspecific hybrids has been determined, which is explained by their origin from Central Asian varieties. However, the main feature of the breeding interest that they can pass on to offspring is seedlessness and product quality. In comparison with the control values, the varieties Attika and Flame seedless stood out. These varieties are recommended for use in the further selection process as sources and donors of a set of signs of selection interest, including the ability to withstand thermal stress and lack of moisture.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133419027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.01.03
H. Davydiuk, L. Shkarivska, I. Klymenko, N. Dovbash, M. A. Kushсhuk, V. Hirnyk
The aim of the article was to establish the features of the phosphorus regime of the soil under different systems of agriculture in the agricultural landscapes of the Right Bank and Left Bank Forest-Steppe in the cultivation of grain crops. The study used the method of agroecological monitoring and laboratory (methods of chemical, physico-chemical analysis using modern methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometry in accordance with the requirements of the quality management system, DSTU 3973-2000). The research was conducted in the right-bank Forest-Steppe on the basis of long-term experiments of departments: technologies of grain crops and technologies of legumes, cereals and oilseeds crops, located within the research fields of NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS» (Fastiv district of Kyiv region), and in the left-bank Forest-Steppe on the Panfil Research Station of NSC «IZ NAAN» in a stationary experiment of the department of crop change and agriculture on reclaimed lands for determining the impact of different systems of farming for growing cereals crop in crop rotations and permanent crops. Under the extensive system of agriculture on dark gray podzolic soil and typical chernozem, the development of degradation processes was noted, namely the negative impact on the content of mobile phosphorus compounds, regardless of the method of growing crops. Over more than 30 years of research, periodic application of ameliorants and annual incorporation of plant residues has led to a reduction of more than 1.5 times the amount of mobile phosphorus. The organic system of agriculture, which provided for the introduction of ameliorants and annual incorporation of plant residues at a dose equivalent to 5 t/ha of straw, increased the number of mobile phosphorus compounds by almost 21% compared to 1988 baseline (1988). The introduction of different options for intensive farming systems has increased the amount of mobile phosphorus compounds in the soil by 1.4-2.1 times compared to baseline, during the observation period, 1.4–2.1 times. The largest increase in their number, almost 2.1 times over 30 years, was observed in the variant with the introduction of N105,0P86,3K101,3 per 1 ha of crop rotation area (intensive № 2).
{"title":"Features of mobile phosphorus accumulation under different systems of agriculture in agricultural landscapes","authors":"H. Davydiuk, L. Shkarivska, I. Klymenko, N. Dovbash, M. A. Kushсhuk, V. Hirnyk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article was to establish the features of the phosphorus regime of the soil under different systems of agriculture in the agricultural landscapes of the Right Bank and Left Bank Forest-Steppe in the cultivation of grain crops. The study used the method of agroecological monitoring and laboratory (methods of chemical, physico-chemical analysis using modern methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometry in accordance with the requirements of the quality management system, DSTU 3973-2000). The research was conducted in the right-bank Forest-Steppe on the basis of long-term experiments of departments: technologies of grain crops and technologies of legumes, cereals and oilseeds crops, located within the research fields of NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS» (Fastiv district of Kyiv region), and in the left-bank Forest-Steppe on the Panfil Research Station of NSC «IZ NAAN» in a stationary experiment of the department of crop change and agriculture on reclaimed lands for determining the impact of different systems of farming for growing cereals crop in crop rotations and permanent crops. Under the extensive system of agriculture on dark gray podzolic soil and typical chernozem, the development of degradation processes was noted, namely the negative impact on the content of mobile phosphorus compounds, regardless of the method of growing crops. Over more than 30 years of research, periodic application of ameliorants and annual incorporation of plant residues has led to a reduction of more than 1.5 times the amount of mobile phosphorus. The organic system of agriculture, which provided for the introduction of ameliorants and annual incorporation of plant residues at a dose equivalent to 5 t/ha of straw, increased the number of mobile phosphorus compounds by almost 21% compared to 1988 baseline (1988). The introduction of different options for intensive farming systems has increased the amount of mobile phosphorus compounds in the soil by 1.4-2.1 times compared to baseline, during the observation period, 1.4–2.1 times. The largest increase in their number, almost 2.1 times over 30 years, was observed in the variant with the introduction of N105,0P86,3K101,3 per 1 ha of crop rotation area (intensive № 2).","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124420689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-17DOI: 10.54651/agri.2022.01.02
I. Martyniuk, Y. Tsymbal, M. Ptashnik, R. Ilchuk, N. Martyniuk
The article analyzes the results of studies conducted in the stationary experiment of NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS» to determine the impact of different systems of basic tillage on weed agrocenosis of oats in single and mixed crops with legumes (oats + diaper). The aim of the research is to establish the influence of different systems of basic tillage on the level of weediness of crops. The technology of growing crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. The obtained research results convincingly show that from the replacement of fallow plowing by 20–22 cm by autumn disc cultivation by 10–12 cm weediness of oat crops at the time of its tillering increased from 15 to 25 pieces/m2 on average during the research or 40%. It was found that sowing oat-diaper mixture with 25% bean component, regardless of the system of main tillage, is an effective phytocoenotic agro-measure of control of segetal vegetation and reduces by 9–20% weed binary crops compared to monocotyledons. The priority of application of additional agrotechnical measure of control of segetal vegetation in agrocenosis of oats by carrying out spring pre-emergence loosening of soil by non-shelf implements by 6–8 cm was proved, which allowed to significantly reduce weed infestation. In particular, the spring pre-emergence loosening against the background of fallow plowing and autumn shallow disc cultivation weed reduction of oat crops decreased by 18 and 25% and 20 and 26%, respectively.
{"title":"Efficiency of control of segetal vegetation in oats in organic agriculture","authors":"I. Martyniuk, Y. Tsymbal, M. Ptashnik, R. Ilchuk, N. Martyniuk","doi":"10.54651/agri.2022.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2022.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the results of studies conducted in the stationary experiment of NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS» to determine the impact of different systems of basic tillage on weed agrocenosis of oats in single and mixed crops with legumes (oats + diaper). The aim of the research is to establish the influence of different systems of basic tillage on the level of weediness of crops. The technology of growing crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. The obtained research results convincingly show that from the replacement of fallow plowing by 20–22 cm by autumn disc cultivation by 10–12 cm weediness of oat crops at the time of its tillering increased from 15 to 25 pieces/m2 on average during the research or 40%. It was found that sowing oat-diaper mixture with 25% bean component, regardless of the system of main tillage, is an effective phytocoenotic agro-measure of control of segetal vegetation and reduces by 9–20% weed binary crops compared to monocotyledons. The priority of application of additional agrotechnical measure of control of segetal vegetation in agrocenosis of oats by carrying out spring pre-emergence loosening of soil by non-shelf implements by 6–8 cm was proved, which allowed to significantly reduce weed infestation. In particular, the spring pre-emergence loosening against the background of fallow plowing and autumn shallow disc cultivation weed reduction of oat crops decreased by 18 and 25% and 20 and 26%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":268656,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114851001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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