Advances in the miniaturisation of inertial sensors have allowed the design of compact wireless inertial orientation trackers. Such devices require data fusion algorithms to process sensor data into estimated orientations. This paper examines the problem of inertial sensor data fusion and compares two alternative methods for orientation estimation: complementary filtering and Kalman filtering. Experiments are presented to assess the performance and accuracy of the resulting filters. The complementary filter structure is demonstrated to require up to nine times less execution time, while maintaining better accuracy across different movement scenarios, than the Kalman filter structure.
{"title":"Comparison of Orientation Filter Algorithms for Realtime Wireless Inertial Posture Tracking","authors":"A. Young","doi":"10.1109/BSN.2009.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BSN.2009.25","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in the miniaturisation of inertial sensors have allowed the design of compact wireless inertial orientation trackers. Such devices require data fusion algorithms to process sensor data into estimated orientations. This paper examines the problem of inertial sensor data fusion and compares two alternative methods for orientation estimation: complementary filtering and Kalman filtering. Experiments are presented to assess the performance and accuracy of the resulting filters. The complementary filter structure is demonstrated to require up to nine times less execution time, while maintaining better accuracy across different movement scenarios, than the Kalman filter structure.","PeriodicalId":269861,"journal":{"name":"2009 Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126153752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the necessity and ways of replacing batteries in BSNs and other wearable devices with energy scavengers. The stresses are made on thermoelectric energy converters of human body heat into electrical power and on rules of their designing. The reasons for and possible ways of hybridizing wearable thermoelectric converters with photovoltaic cells are discussed, too. The examples of energy scavengers, both wearable and in clothing, for self-powered wireless sensors are described.
{"title":"Thermoelectric and Hybrid Generators in Wearable Devices and Clothes","authors":"V. Leonov, C. Hoof, R. Vullers","doi":"10.1109/BSN.2009.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BSN.2009.10","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the necessity and ways of replacing batteries in BSNs and other wearable devices with energy scavengers. The stresses are made on thermoelectric energy converters of human body heat into electrical power and on rules of their designing. The reasons for and possible ways of hybridizing wearable thermoelectric converters with photovoltaic cells are discussed, too. The examples of energy scavengers, both wearable and in clothing, for self-powered wireless sensors are described.","PeriodicalId":269861,"journal":{"name":"2009 Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129821130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human movement models often divide movements into parts. In walking the stride can be segmented into four different parts, and in golf and other sports, the swing is divided into section based on the primary direction of motion. When analyzing a movement, it is important to correctly locate the key events dividing portions. There exist methods for dividing certain actions using data from speci¿c sensors. We introduce a generalized method for event annotation based on Hidden Markov Models. Genetic algorithms are used for feature selection and model parameterization. Further, collaborative techniques are explored. We validate this method on a walking dataset using inertial sensors placed on various locations on a human body. Our technique is computationally simple to allow it to run on resource constrained sensor nodes.
{"title":"A Distributed Hidden Markov Model for Fine-grained Annotation in Body Sensor Networks","authors":"E. Guenterberg, Hassan Ghasemzadeh, R. Jafari","doi":"10.1109/BSN.2009.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BSN.2009.45","url":null,"abstract":"Human movement models often divide movements into parts. In walking the stride can be segmented into four different parts, and in golf and other sports, the swing is divided into section based on the primary direction of motion. When analyzing a movement, it is important to correctly locate the key events dividing portions. There exist methods for dividing certain actions using data from speci¿c sensors. We introduce a generalized method for event annotation based on Hidden Markov Models. Genetic algorithms are used for feature selection and model parameterization. Further, collaborative techniques are explored. We validate this method on a walking dataset using inertial sensors placed on various locations on a human body. Our technique is computationally simple to allow it to run on resource constrained sensor nodes.","PeriodicalId":269861,"journal":{"name":"2009 Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125392532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advancements in wireless communication and electronic technologies enable novel health monitoring devices to be developed and deployed for in-vivo medical examination and treatment. Wireless capsule which can examine the gastrointestinal tract with many kinds of sensors and send the collected data outside the human body wirelessly is very promising. To the authors’ best knowledge, no previous work has been done for using multihop communication in multi-capsule networks. In this paper, multihop communications through the human body is proved effective for saving energy at a given transmit/receive circuitry power consumption by simulation. The total energy saving ratio can be more than 90%. This paper also proposes a novel topology for multi-capsule networks, which utilizes asymmetric uplink and downlink routes for bidirectional communication. In this way, the network can achieve a better tradeoff between power consumption and delay performance.
{"title":"Asymmetric Multihop Networks for Multi-capsule Communications within the Gastrointestinal Tract","authors":"Lin Lin, K. Wong, Su-Lim Tan, S. Phee","doi":"10.1109/BSN.2009.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BSN.2009.34","url":null,"abstract":"The advancements in wireless communication and electronic technologies enable novel health monitoring devices to be developed and deployed for in-vivo medical examination and treatment. Wireless capsule which can examine the gastrointestinal tract with many kinds of sensors and send the collected data outside the human body wirelessly is very promising. To the authors’ best knowledge, no previous work has been done for using multihop communication in multi-capsule networks. In this paper, multihop communications through the human body is proved effective for saving energy at a given transmit/receive circuitry power consumption by simulation. The total energy saving ratio can be more than 90%. This paper also proposes a novel topology for multi-capsule networks, which utilizes asymmetric uplink and downlink routes for bidirectional communication. In this way, the network can achieve a better tradeoff between power consumption and delay performance.","PeriodicalId":269861,"journal":{"name":"2009 Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124418009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work presents TEMPO (Technology-Enabled Medical Precision Observation) 3.1, a third generation body area sensor platform that accurately and precisely captures, processes, and wirelessly transmits six-degrees-of-freedom inertial data in a wearable, non-invasive form factor. TEMPO 3.1 is designed to be usable to both the wearer and researcher, thereby enabling motion capture applications in body area sensor networks (BASNs). A complete system is designed and developed that includes the following: (1) enabling technologies and hardware design of TEMPO 3.1, (2) a custom real-time operating system (TEMPOS) that manages all aspects of signal acquisition, signal processing, data management, peripheral control, and wireless communication on a TEMPO node, and (3) a custom case design. The system is evaluated and compared to existing BASN hardware platforms. TEMPO 3.1 creates new opportunities for wearable, continuous monitoring applications and extends the research space of current efforts.
这项工作提出了TEMPO (Technology-Enabled Medical Precision Observation) 3.1，这是第三代身体区域传感器平台，可以准确、精确地捕获、处理和无线传输六自由度惯性数据，采用可穿戴、非侵入式的形式。TEMPO 3.1设计为穿戴者和研究人员都可以使用，从而实现身体区域传感器网络(BASNs)的运动捕捉应用。设计和开发了一个完整的系统，包括以下内容:(1)TEMPO 3.1的使能技术和硬件设计，(2)管理TEMPO节点上信号采集、信号处理、数据管理、外围控制和无线通信的定制实时操作系统(TEMPOS)，以及(3)定制案例设计。对系统进行了评估，并与现有的BASN硬件平台进行了比较。TEMPO 3.1为可穿戴式连续监测应用创造了新的机会，并扩展了当前工作的研究空间。
{"title":"TEMPO 3.1: A Body Area Sensor Network Platform for Continuous Movement Assessment","authors":"Adam T. Barth, M. Hanson, H. Powell, J. Lach","doi":"10.1109/BSN.2009.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BSN.2009.39","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents TEMPO (Technology-Enabled Medical Precision Observation) 3.1, a third generation body area sensor platform that accurately and precisely captures, processes, and wirelessly transmits six-degrees-of-freedom inertial data in a wearable, non-invasive form factor. TEMPO 3.1 is designed to be usable to both the wearer and researcher, thereby enabling motion capture applications in body area sensor networks (BASNs). A complete system is designed and developed that includes the following: (1) enabling technologies and hardware design of TEMPO 3.1, (2) a custom real-time operating system (TEMPOS) that manages all aspects of signal acquisition, signal processing, data management, peripheral control, and wireless communication on a TEMPO node, and (3) a custom case design. The system is evaluated and compared to existing BASN hardware platforms. TEMPO 3.1 creates new opportunities for wearable, continuous monitoring applications and extends the research space of current efforts.","PeriodicalId":269861,"journal":{"name":"2009 Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115572401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. G. Guo, F. Tay, Lin Xu, L. Yu, M. N. Nyan, F. W. Chong, K. L. Yap, B. Xu
A novel micromachined electrode is designed and fabricated for a BSN-based vital signs monitoring system. Both theoretical calculation and ANSYS simulation show that buckling problem will not occur for the proposed microneedles during insertion process. The BSN-based vital signs routine monitoring system, which comprises of wireless mote, analog amplifier circuit board and SpO2 (Saturation of Arterial Oxygen) probe, is able to measure physiological signs in real time and with minimum disturbance on quality of life. The proposed device is easy to wear and convenient to use. Using a dock with ZigBee adapter, a PDA phone can communicate with the mote and then display the ECG/PPG waveforms as well as the important indices of vital signs, such as heart beat rate, SpO2 value and systolic blood pressure.
{"title":"Characterization and Fabrication of Novel Micromachined Electrode for BSN-Based Vital Signs Monitoring System","authors":"D. G. Guo, F. Tay, Lin Xu, L. Yu, M. N. Nyan, F. W. Chong, K. L. Yap, B. Xu","doi":"10.1109/BSN.2009.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BSN.2009.12","url":null,"abstract":"A novel micromachined electrode is designed and fabricated for a BSN-based vital signs monitoring system. Both theoretical calculation and ANSYS simulation show that buckling problem will not occur for the proposed microneedles during insertion process. The BSN-based vital signs routine monitoring system, which comprises of wireless mote, analog amplifier circuit board and SpO2 (Saturation of Arterial Oxygen) probe, is able to measure physiological signs in real time and with minimum disturbance on quality of life. The proposed device is easy to wear and convenient to use. Using a dock with ZigBee adapter, a PDA phone can communicate with the mote and then display the ECG/PPG waveforms as well as the important indices of vital signs, such as heart beat rate, SpO2 value and systolic blood pressure.","PeriodicalId":269861,"journal":{"name":"2009 Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115079394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most visions of ubiquitous computing anticipate a world permeated by a dense sampling of sensors, many of which will be capable of capturing, analyzing, and transmitting personally relevant and potentially privacy-sensitive media, such as video, audio, and identification information. This paper describes a set of sensor platforms that we have designed to experiment with personalization, interaction, and control in such dense media capture environments.
{"title":"Wearable Sensing for Dynamic Management of Dense Ubiquitous Media","authors":"M. Laibowitz, Nan-Wei Gong, J. Paradiso","doi":"10.1109/BSN.2009.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BSN.2009.59","url":null,"abstract":"Most visions of ubiquitous computing anticipate a world permeated by a dense sampling of sensors, many of which will be capable of capturing, analyzing, and transmitting personally relevant and potentially privacy-sensitive media, such as video, audio, and identification information. This paper describes a set of sensor platforms that we have designed to experiment with personalization, interaction, and control in such dense media capture environments.","PeriodicalId":269861,"journal":{"name":"2009 Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks","volume":"347 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123364767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Boichat, N. Khaled, F. Rincón, David Atienza Alonso
The analysis of the electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used for diagnosing many cardiac diseases. Since most of the clinically useful information in the ECG is found in characteristic wave peaks and boundaries, a significant amount of research effort has been devoted to the development of accurate and robust algorithms for automatic detection of the major ECG characteristic waves (i.e., the QRS complex, P and T waves), so-called ECG wave delineation. One of the most salient ECG wave delineation algorithms is based on the wavelet transform (WT). This work is dedicated to the sensible optimization and porting of this WT-based ECG wave delineator to an actual wearable embedded sensor platform with limited processing and storage resources. The porting was successful and the implementation was extensively validated using a standard manually annotated database. Interestingly, our results show that, despite the limitations of the embedded sensor platform, careful optimization allows to achieve comparable or even better delineation results than the original offline algorithm.
{"title":"Wavelet-Based ECG Delineation on a Wearable Embedded Sensor Platform","authors":"N. Boichat, N. Khaled, F. Rincón, David Atienza Alonso","doi":"10.1109/BSN.2009.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BSN.2009.30","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used for diagnosing many cardiac diseases. Since most of the clinically useful information in the ECG is found in characteristic wave peaks and boundaries, a significant amount of research effort has been devoted to the development of accurate and robust algorithms for automatic detection of the major ECG characteristic waves (i.e., the QRS complex, P and T waves), so-called ECG wave delineation. One of the most salient ECG wave delineation algorithms is based on the wavelet transform (WT). This work is dedicated to the sensible optimization and porting of this WT-based ECG wave delineator to an actual wearable embedded sensor platform with limited processing and storage resources. The porting was successful and the implementation was extensively validated using a standard manually annotated database. Interestingly, our results show that, despite the limitations of the embedded sensor platform, careful optimization allows to achieve comparable or even better delineation results than the original offline algorithm.","PeriodicalId":269861,"journal":{"name":"2009 Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127523932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wireless Sensor Networks in general and Body Sensor Networks in particular enable sophisticated applications in pervasive healthcare, sports training and other domains,where interconnected nodes work together. Their main goal is to derive context from raw sensor data with feature extraction and classification algorithms. Body sensor networks not only comprise a single sensor type or family but demand different hardware platforms, e.g., sensors to measure acceleration or blood-pressure, or tiny mobile devices to communicate with the user. The problem arises how to efficiently deal with these heterogeneous platforms and programming languages. This paper presents a distributed signal processing framework based on TinyOS and nesC. The framework forms the basis for a Model-Driven Software Development approach. By raising the level of abstraction formal models hide implementation specifics of the framework in a Platform Specific Model. A Platform Independent Model further lifts modeling to functional and non-functional requirements independent from platforms. Thereby we promote cooperation between domain experts and software engineers and facilitate reusability of applications across different platforms.
{"title":"Modeling Distributed Signal Processing Applications","authors":"W. Kurschl, Stefan Mitsch, J. Schönböck","doi":"10.1109/BSN.2009.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BSN.2009.20","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Sensor Networks in general and Body Sensor Networks in particular enable sophisticated applications in pervasive healthcare, sports training and other domains,where interconnected nodes work together. Their main goal is to derive context from raw sensor data with feature extraction and classification algorithms. Body sensor networks not only comprise a single sensor type or family but demand different hardware platforms, e.g., sensors to measure acceleration or blood-pressure, or tiny mobile devices to communicate with the user. The problem arises how to efficiently deal with these heterogeneous platforms and programming languages. This paper presents a distributed signal processing framework based on TinyOS and nesC. The framework forms the basis for a Model-Driven Software Development approach. By raising the level of abstraction formal models hide implementation specifics of the framework in a Platform Specific Model. A Platform Independent Model further lifts modeling to functional and non-functional requirements independent from platforms. Thereby we promote cooperation between domain experts and software engineers and facilitate reusability of applications across different platforms.","PeriodicalId":269861,"journal":{"name":"2009 Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks","volume":"319 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132735908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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