Pub Date : 2014-12-29DOI: 10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996596
Hiroki Matsuyama, Yuya Inoue, Y. Hirota, K. Kinoshita, H. Tode, Takashi Watanabe
To guarantee the quality of service is one of the most important problems in ICT (Information Communication Technology) area. Therefore, we had proposed a service platform which integrates service control and network control by componentization of distributed objects. On the other hand, with advances of wireless communication technologies, users eager to have network services with a mobile terminal. However, this platform does not consider any wireless access networks. In this paper, we extend the platform to support mobile terminals with heterogeneous wireless access networks and also propose a traffic load balancing method on them for bandwidth guaranteed services. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by simulation experiments.
{"title":"A traffic load balancing method for component-based service platform with heterogeneous wireless access networks","authors":"Hiroki Matsuyama, Yuya Inoue, Y. Hirota, K. Kinoshita, H. Tode, Takashi Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996596","url":null,"abstract":"To guarantee the quality of service is one of the most important problems in ICT (Information Communication Technology) area. Therefore, we had proposed a service platform which integrates service control and network control by componentization of distributed objects. On the other hand, with advances of wireless communication technologies, users eager to have network services with a mobile terminal. However, this platform does not consider any wireless access networks. In this paper, we extend the platform to support mobile terminals with heterogeneous wireless access networks and also propose a traffic load balancing method on them for bandwidth guaranteed services. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by simulation experiments.","PeriodicalId":269952,"journal":{"name":"The 16th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115259605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-29DOI: 10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996111
Lanlan Rui, Yinglin Xiong, Ke Xiao, Xue-song Qiu
A good web selection algorithm can provide the most suitable service for users. However, known for its slow convergence rate and proneness of oscillation in its learning process, the traditional error back propagation neural network algorithm cannot be applied in the service selection scenarios of actual smart distribution grid. In order to meet the requirements of telecommunication technology for smart distribution grid and improve the quality of telecommunication service, this paper proposes an improved error back propagation algorithm, in which the learning factor can be self-adjusted with every iteration. The simulation results show an optimization of the training speed and an oscillation reduction in the learning process with the new algorithm, thus obvious optimizing the web services selection in smart distribution grid.
{"title":"BP neural network-based web service selection algorithm in the smart distribution grid","authors":"Lanlan Rui, Yinglin Xiong, Ke Xiao, Xue-song Qiu","doi":"10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996111","url":null,"abstract":"A good web selection algorithm can provide the most suitable service for users. However, known for its slow convergence rate and proneness of oscillation in its learning process, the traditional error back propagation neural network algorithm cannot be applied in the service selection scenarios of actual smart distribution grid. In order to meet the requirements of telecommunication technology for smart distribution grid and improve the quality of telecommunication service, this paper proposes an improved error back propagation algorithm, in which the learning factor can be self-adjusted with every iteration. The simulation results show an optimization of the training speed and an oscillation reduction in the learning process with the new algorithm, thus obvious optimizing the web services selection in smart distribution grid.","PeriodicalId":269952,"journal":{"name":"The 16th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115488961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-29DOI: 10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996605
P. Zeng, K. Nguyen, Yao Shen, S. Yamada
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in Software Defined Networking (SDN)/OpenFlow, which is a novel network architecture splitting control and data planes. The SDN-enabled products have also been widely deployed in many production networks aiming to bypass the limitations of current Internet architecture. There are several efforts on building Software Defined Routing Platform (SDRP), which integrates SDN/OpenFlow within IP routing. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are a few successful works on realizing SDRP despite of the flexibility and rich features of SDN. In this paper, we investigate state-of-the-art works towards SDRP. We have evaluated the performance of a mainstream SDRP named RouteFlow. Our evaluations have been conducted using both the emulator Mininet and a real testbed with physical switches. Different to other works, we focus on the resilience aspect of the routing platform. The evaluation results show that RouteFlow is resilient against both single and multiple link failures. Additionally, OSPF provided by RouteFlow achieves a shorter failover time than the legacy OSPF. In the case of RIPv2, RouteFlow's protocol has a comparable performance value with the distributed one.
{"title":"On the resilience of software defined routing platform","authors":"P. Zeng, K. Nguyen, Yao Shen, S. Yamada","doi":"10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996605","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in Software Defined Networking (SDN)/OpenFlow, which is a novel network architecture splitting control and data planes. The SDN-enabled products have also been widely deployed in many production networks aiming to bypass the limitations of current Internet architecture. There are several efforts on building Software Defined Routing Platform (SDRP), which integrates SDN/OpenFlow within IP routing. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are a few successful works on realizing SDRP despite of the flexibility and rich features of SDN. In this paper, we investigate state-of-the-art works towards SDRP. We have evaluated the performance of a mainstream SDRP named RouteFlow. Our evaluations have been conducted using both the emulator Mininet and a real testbed with physical switches. Different to other works, we focus on the resilience aspect of the routing platform. The evaluation results show that RouteFlow is resilient against both single and multiple link failures. Additionally, OSPF provided by RouteFlow achieves a shorter failover time than the legacy OSPF. In the case of RIPv2, RouteFlow's protocol has a comparable performance value with the distributed one.","PeriodicalId":269952,"journal":{"name":"The 16th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127683321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-29DOI: 10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996607
Rim Haw, Md. Golam Rabiul Alam, C. Hong
According to increasing performance of mobile devices, like smart phone, tablet PC and etc, and diffusing network infrastructures, like LTE, WiFi and etc, various types of content delivery services based on PC services can serve into mobile devices using cloud. In this paper we proposed content delivery framework with SDN (Software Defined Networking) and CCN (Content Centric Networking) to improve content delivery QoS in mobile cloud environment. Additionally to serve autonomic optimal services, we proposed reinforcement learning based context-aware content delivery scheme. Using our framework, we can guarantee QoS to provide context-aware content delivery scheme.
{"title":"A context-aware content delivery framework for QoS in mobile cloud","authors":"Rim Haw, Md. Golam Rabiul Alam, C. Hong","doi":"10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996607","url":null,"abstract":"According to increasing performance of mobile devices, like smart phone, tablet PC and etc, and diffusing network infrastructures, like LTE, WiFi and etc, various types of content delivery services based on PC services can serve into mobile devices using cloud. In this paper we proposed content delivery framework with SDN (Software Defined Networking) and CCN (Content Centric Networking) to improve content delivery QoS in mobile cloud environment. Additionally to serve autonomic optimal services, we proposed reinforcement learning based context-aware content delivery scheme. Using our framework, we can guarantee QoS to provide context-aware content delivery scheme.","PeriodicalId":269952,"journal":{"name":"The 16th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116736148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-29DOI: 10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996567
Jian Li, Jin Xiao, H. Azzouz, J. W. Hong, R. Boutaba
Wi-Fi is a popular wireless communication technology for smart devices such as smartphones, however, Wi-Fi related energy consumption in smartphones contributes to a significant portion of its energy expenditure. Hence it is important to carefully analyze and profile Wi-Fi energy expenditure in order to improve mobile applications' energy efficiency. Although hardware based power meters provide very accurate power measurement result, it is infeasible to expect mobile application developers to rely on power meters. As alternative solutions, software based power estimation tools are popular. Most of the existing power estimation solutions to date do not provide accurate estimation result, as we disclose in this paper by analyzing the popular PowerTutor. Therefore, we propose a new Wi-Fi power model by taking into account important IEEE 802.11 communication patterns as well as Wi-Fi hardware settings in a way that increases the accuracy of power estimation. We design and implement the proposed power model as a smartphone application and deploy it into a real device for validation. The evaluation results show that our solution can achieve an estimation accuracy up to 86% compared to hardware power meters, and is much more accurate than PowerTutor.
{"title":"PowerGuide: Accurate Wi-Fi power estimator for smartphones","authors":"Jian Li, Jin Xiao, H. Azzouz, J. W. Hong, R. Boutaba","doi":"10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996567","url":null,"abstract":"Wi-Fi is a popular wireless communication technology for smart devices such as smartphones, however, Wi-Fi related energy consumption in smartphones contributes to a significant portion of its energy expenditure. Hence it is important to carefully analyze and profile Wi-Fi energy expenditure in order to improve mobile applications' energy efficiency. Although hardware based power meters provide very accurate power measurement result, it is infeasible to expect mobile application developers to rely on power meters. As alternative solutions, software based power estimation tools are popular. Most of the existing power estimation solutions to date do not provide accurate estimation result, as we disclose in this paper by analyzing the popular PowerTutor. Therefore, we propose a new Wi-Fi power model by taking into account important IEEE 802.11 communication patterns as well as Wi-Fi hardware settings in a way that increases the accuracy of power estimation. We design and implement the proposed power model as a smartphone application and deploy it into a real device for validation. The evaluation results show that our solution can achieve an estimation accuracy up to 86% compared to hardware power meters, and is much more accurate than PowerTutor.","PeriodicalId":269952,"journal":{"name":"The 16th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126250750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the big data era, the principal traffic bottleneck in a data center is the communication between hosts. Moreover, the redundant packet contents indeed take a major part of the bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a distributed and efficient cache sharing protocol, named DCP, to eliminate redundant traffic in data center with Fat-Tree topology. In DCP, each switch holds packet caches, which are used for eliminating redundant packets. A cache sharing mechanism using Bloom Filter is also proposed to share local caches of switches with servers. Moreover, we propose another technique leveraging Bloom Filter to reduce false positive ratio caused by sharing cache information between switches and servers. We build up a Fat-Tree topology with k = 16 to evaluate the performance of DCP, and the simulation results show that DCP can eliminate 40% to 60% redundant packets, which validate its efficiency.
{"title":"DCP: An efficient and distributed data center cache protocol with Fat-Tree topology","authors":"Zhihui Jiang, Zhiming Ding, Xiaofeng Gao, Guihai Chen","doi":"10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996589","url":null,"abstract":"In the big data era, the principal traffic bottleneck in a data center is the communication between hosts. Moreover, the redundant packet contents indeed take a major part of the bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a distributed and efficient cache sharing protocol, named DCP, to eliminate redundant traffic in data center with Fat-Tree topology. In DCP, each switch holds packet caches, which are used for eliminating redundant packets. A cache sharing mechanism using Bloom Filter is also proposed to share local caches of switches with servers. Moreover, we propose another technique leveraging Bloom Filter to reduce false positive ratio caused by sharing cache information between switches and servers. We build up a Fat-Tree topology with k = 16 to evaluate the performance of DCP, and the simulation results show that DCP can eliminate 40% to 60% redundant packets, which validate its efficiency.","PeriodicalId":269952,"journal":{"name":"The 16th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133949711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-29DOI: 10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996571
Hao Tu, Weiming Li, Dong Li, Junqing Yu
Software defined networking brings many possibilities to network security, one of the most important security challenge it can help with is the possibility to make network traffic pass through specific security devices, in other words, determine where to deploy these devices logically. However, most researches focus on high level policy and interaction framework but ignored how to translate them to low-level OpenFlow rules with scalability. We analyze different actions used in common security scenarios and resource constraints of physical switch. Based on them, we propose a rule translation implementation which can optimize the resource consumption according to different actions by selecting forward path dynamically.
{"title":"A scalable flow rule translation implementation for software defined security","authors":"Hao Tu, Weiming Li, Dong Li, Junqing Yu","doi":"10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996571","url":null,"abstract":"Software defined networking brings many possibilities to network security, one of the most important security challenge it can help with is the possibility to make network traffic pass through specific security devices, in other words, determine where to deploy these devices logically. However, most researches focus on high level policy and interaction framework but ignored how to translate them to low-level OpenFlow rules with scalability. We analyze different actions used in common security scenarios and resource constraints of physical switch. Based on them, we propose a rule translation implementation which can optimize the resource consumption according to different actions by selecting forward path dynamically.","PeriodicalId":269952,"journal":{"name":"The 16th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132848012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-29DOI: 10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996574
Yun-Wei Lin, Yi-Bing Lin
A ticket dispenser (TD) is used to assist customers for the waiting process in, e.g., a shop. This paper deploys a mobile ticket dispenser system (MTDS) with waiting time prediction to enhance user experience in waiting. For example, the MTDS for a restaurant allows a customer to remotely draw a ticket for meal order anywhere through a smart phone before she/he arrives at the restaurant and therefore reduces her/his waiting time. We propose an output indicator and develop a discrete event simulation model to investigate the performance of the MTDS. Our study indicates that the waiting times can be more accurately predicted without consuming much wireless network resources and power consumption of mobile devices.
{"title":"Mobile ticket dispenser system with waiting time prediction","authors":"Yun-Wei Lin, Yi-Bing Lin","doi":"10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996574","url":null,"abstract":"A ticket dispenser (TD) is used to assist customers for the waiting process in, e.g., a shop. This paper deploys a mobile ticket dispenser system (MTDS) with waiting time prediction to enhance user experience in waiting. For example, the MTDS for a restaurant allows a customer to remotely draw a ticket for meal order anywhere through a smart phone before she/he arrives at the restaurant and therefore reduces her/his waiting time. We propose an output indicator and develop a discrete event simulation model to investigate the performance of the MTDS. Our study indicates that the waiting times can be more accurately predicted without consuming much wireless network resources and power consumption of mobile devices.","PeriodicalId":269952,"journal":{"name":"The 16th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120972900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-29DOI: 10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996536
Naoki Take, Manabu Nishio
As a result of the rapid development in operation support systems (OSSs), OSS development costs have increased due to the separate development of individual systems, and maintenance costs have also risen due to the complex architecture of the entire system. To solve this problem, we previously proposed OSS data integration, which is an approach to integrate data among systems to reduce the cost of OSS development. To quantify the effect of data integration, we propose a model for cost evaluation focusing on software size as a metric based on an OSS software model and software size estimation method.
由于OSS (operation support systems)的快速发展，单个系统的独立开发增加了OSS的开发成本，整个系统的复杂架构也增加了维护成本。为了解决这个问题，我们之前提出了OSS数据集成，这是一种在系统之间集成数据以降低OSS开发成本的方法。为了量化数据集成的效果，我们提出了一个基于OSS软件模型和软件规模估算方法的成本评估模型，该模型将软件规模作为度量。
{"title":"Model for cost evaluation of OSS data integration","authors":"Naoki Take, Manabu Nishio","doi":"10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996536","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the rapid development in operation support systems (OSSs), OSS development costs have increased due to the separate development of individual systems, and maintenance costs have also risen due to the complex architecture of the entire system. To solve this problem, we previously proposed OSS data integration, which is an approach to integrate data among systems to reduce the cost of OSS development. To quantify the effect of data integration, we propose a model for cost evaluation focusing on software size as a metric based on an OSS software model and software size estimation method.","PeriodicalId":269952,"journal":{"name":"The 16th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127635553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The enterprise customer's demands for telecom applications often vary from case to case and contain many customization needs. In order to meet the demands of enterprise customers, many project-based sales cases have been carried by the telecom carriers. It is important to build up a company-wide standard process to help the telecom carrier effectively manage these sales cases. In addition, a good sales process could help the sales team of telecom carrier to run the sales cases in the most efficient way and help the sales manager to monitor the sales cases and forecast the revenues explicitly. Based on the sales processes defined in eTOM, a sales process management approach is proposed and an experimental information system is implemented in order to manage the project-based sales cases and to verify the effectiveness of this sales process management approach.
{"title":"Sales process management of project-based telecom services","authors":"Ruey-Sheng Horng, Kuo-Dong Huang, Chien-Cheng Shen, Ya-Ting Hsu, Min-Che Hsu, Mingxuan Fan","doi":"10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APNOMS.2014.6996109","url":null,"abstract":"The enterprise customer's demands for telecom applications often vary from case to case and contain many customization needs. In order to meet the demands of enterprise customers, many project-based sales cases have been carried by the telecom carriers. It is important to build up a company-wide standard process to help the telecom carrier effectively manage these sales cases. In addition, a good sales process could help the sales team of telecom carrier to run the sales cases in the most efficient way and help the sales manager to monitor the sales cases and forecast the revenues explicitly. Based on the sales processes defined in eTOM, a sales process management approach is proposed and an experimental information system is implemented in order to manage the project-based sales cases and to verify the effectiveness of this sales process management approach.","PeriodicalId":269952,"journal":{"name":"The 16th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117251351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：