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Herein, attempts at hydrazinolysis of 1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-sulfonic acid 6 and its potassium salt 9 have been reported. None of them resulted in the isolation of 2-hydrazinyl-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 3. Instead, 1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one 10 was obtained in some cases. The hydrazinolysis failure may be due to the aerobic oxidation of hydrazine 3 in situ. To get into the background for the reaction, the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of compound 3 and relatively oxidation-resistible 2-hydrazinyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 11 were comparatively considered. Based on the analysis of the regions of highest density of HOMOs in both hydrazines, the aminoguanidine moiety in compound 3 appeared to be more susceptible to oxidation as compared to the moiety in compound 11.

2H(Methyl)-3-alkylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized by reactions of 2H(methyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones with alkyl halides. The obtained 2H(methyl)-3-alkylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones were subjected to one-pot synthesis in the presence of chlorosulfonic acid and ammonia, primary sulfonamides among bicyclic quinazolines were synthesized and were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR and mass spectral data. The crystal structure of 2-methyl-3‑butyl‑4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline-6-sulfonamide was determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method at 293 K.

The rapid determination of Dopamine (DA) has robust global desire for high efficacy. In this study the Glibanclamide/Graphene Oxide modified carbon paste electrode (GA/GO/MCPE) was used for the voltammetric detection of DA and Uric acid (UA).The XRD, SEM and EDX technique were utilized for the characterization of procured Graphene Oxide (GO) and GA/GO/MCPE; the modifier brings excellent sensitivity towards detection of DA and UA by CV and LSV techniques. The pH, concentration and sweep rate parameters study were carried out for the detection of DA and UA, the GA/GO/MCPE is applied for the simultaneous determination of DA and UA.

New tetrahydropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives (10a-l) have been facilely synthesized through a series of deprotection, N-substitution and Suzuki coupling reactions. The structure of new compounds was analyzed by interpretations of FTIR, ¹HNMR , ¹³CNMR , and Mass spectral data. The title compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis as gram-positive bacteria, and Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as gram-negative bacteria and two fungal strains, namely Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Trifluoromethyl substituted analogues 10j and 10k showed promising antibacterial activity compared to Amoxicillin, also p‑hydroxy substituted analogue 10i displayed potent antifungal activity in comparison to Itraconazole. The molecular docking study of 10k against crystal structure of DNA gyrase, scored higher docking score value of -9.4 kca/mL, than Clorobiocin, and envisaged key binding interactions in support to experimental data.

We have developed a new library of isoxazole skeleton having oxazol-4-yl)-1-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives (9a-j). Further, the biological activity of newly derived compounds (9a-j) was examined against four types of human cancer cell lines like breast cancer (MCF-7), lung cancer (A549), prostate cancer (DU-145) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) by employing of MTT assay, and etoposide used as reference drug candidate. The results were expressed with IC₅₀ µM. Most of the tested compounds displayed good to moderate activities on all cell lines. Among them, five derivatives 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d and 9e were possessed more potent activity. Principally, one of the compound 9b showed remarkable activity.

A novel Zn(II) complex, [Zn(2,4-D)₂(en)], has been synthesized via the reaction of zinc acetate with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acid (2,4-D) and ethylenediamine (en). The complex was characterized entirely by spectroscopic, elemental analysis, and single X-ray crystallography techniques. According to the crystallographic analysis of the metal complex, it was revealed that the structure exhibited a tetrahedral shape, with coordination with two carboxylate oxygen atoms and two nitrogen atoms; those donating atoms come from the 2,4-D and ethyleniamine groups, respectively. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the B3LYP/def2-TZVP basis set, the analysis of the complex provided insights into its electronic structure. The frontier molecular orbitals, with a HOMO at -5.90 eV and a LUMO at -0.53 eV, showed a HOMO-LUMO gap of 5.37 eV, reflecting potential stability and reactivity. Electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis also revealed significant charge distributions, particularly at oxygen atoms, highlighting their importance in stability and intermolecular interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis elucidated significant intermolecular contacts in the packing, with H•••Cl/Cl•••H interactions being the most prevalent (30.6%), followed by H•••O/O•••H interactions (23.9%). Moreover, thermal decomposition studies illustrated a ca. 60% mass reduction observed in the temperature range of 236-384°C.