Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092029
Louiza Rabhi, A. Khmou, N. Boutammachte
The efficiency of a Gamma type Stirling engine coupled to Linear Fresnel Solar Collector, through the medium of an under vacuum trapezoidal receiver, was studied in this paper. Seven parameters were inspected to study each one’s effect on the Stirling engine efficiency to obtain the optimum dimensions. A Monte Carlo ray tracing approach was utilized for optics and energy behavior simulation, after that Mathematica 9.0 was employed to find the heat flux density distribution in absorber tubes. Thermodynamic equations were used to calculate outlet temperature and global heat flux of absorber tubes. Finally, Prosa 2.0.4 was employed for evaluation of the Stirling engine performance. The influence of gap between Linear Fresnel Reflectors, absorber tubes diameter, gap between absorber tubes, their location according to cavity depth and receiver mounting latitude depending on width occupied by Linear Fresnel Reflectors are inspected.
{"title":"Parametric investigation on a Gamma type Stirling engine efficiency coupled to Linear Fresnel Solar Collector","authors":"Louiza Rabhi, A. Khmou, N. Boutammachte","doi":"10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092029","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of a Gamma type Stirling engine coupled to Linear Fresnel Solar Collector, through the medium of an under vacuum trapezoidal receiver, was studied in this paper. Seven parameters were inspected to study each one’s effect on the Stirling engine efficiency to obtain the optimum dimensions. A Monte Carlo ray tracing approach was utilized for optics and energy behavior simulation, after that Mathematica 9.0 was employed to find the heat flux density distribution in absorber tubes. Thermodynamic equations were used to calculate outlet temperature and global heat flux of absorber tubes. Finally, Prosa 2.0.4 was employed for evaluation of the Stirling engine performance. The influence of gap between Linear Fresnel Reflectors, absorber tubes diameter, gap between absorber tubes, their location according to cavity depth and receiver mounting latitude depending on width occupied by Linear Fresnel Reflectors are inspected.","PeriodicalId":271840,"journal":{"name":"2020 1st International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125286190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092095
Azeroual Mohamed, Boujoudar Younes, T. Lamhamdi, Hassan El Moussaoui, H. El Markhi
This paper proposes a new multiagent system algorithm to increase the security and protection of power systems. The multi-agent system (MAS) proposed for fault location, distance estimation, and automatic power restoration in a distribution system with renewable Distributed Generation (DG). The smart agents proposed consisting of many nodes (agents) to collect the real-time data and power flow between different physical processes from power networks, for fault location and power system control. To test the multi-agent system proposed we used a part of Kenitra city distribution system in Morocco with the integration of wind power. The simulation present that the proposed approach for fault location and power restoration significantly improves the reliability of power systems.
{"title":"Fault Location and Isolation Technique in Smart Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation","authors":"Azeroual Mohamed, Boujoudar Younes, T. Lamhamdi, Hassan El Moussaoui, H. El Markhi","doi":"10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092095","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new multiagent system algorithm to increase the security and protection of power systems. The multi-agent system (MAS) proposed for fault location, distance estimation, and automatic power restoration in a distribution system with renewable Distributed Generation (DG). The smart agents proposed consisting of many nodes (agents) to collect the real-time data and power flow between different physical processes from power networks, for fault location and power system control. To test the multi-agent system proposed we used a part of Kenitra city distribution system in Morocco with the integration of wind power. The simulation present that the proposed approach for fault location and power restoration significantly improves the reliability of power systems.","PeriodicalId":271840,"journal":{"name":"2020 1st International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122131311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092195
Hind Talbi, Mohammed Jeyar, E. Chaabelasri, N. Salhi
This work aims to apply a random walk particle tracking method to solve the depth-averaged pollutant transport. The water flow is modeled by the shallow water equations and solved using a triangular finite volume method, and the solute transport is solved by tracking a set of particles that represent the solute mass. The numerical method has been investigated in two cases Advection in uniform flows and Advection around a solid obstacle. The constructed concentration compared with the analytical solution shows a promising advantage of the presented model.
{"title":"Conservative concentration reconstruction in depth-averaged random walk method for pollutant transport","authors":"Hind Talbi, Mohammed Jeyar, E. Chaabelasri, N. Salhi","doi":"10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092195","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to apply a random walk particle tracking method to solve the depth-averaged pollutant transport. The water flow is modeled by the shallow water equations and solved using a triangular finite volume method, and the solute transport is solved by tracking a set of particles that represent the solute mass. The numerical method has been investigated in two cases Advection in uniform flows and Advection around a solid obstacle. The constructed concentration compared with the analytical solution shows a promising advantage of the presented model.","PeriodicalId":271840,"journal":{"name":"2020 1st International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126797392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/iraset48871.2020.9091993
H. Sghiouri, M. Charai, A. Mezrhab
This article summarises the results of an online survey on the use of optimisation in Building Performance Simulation (BPS). The survey aims to better understand the major uses of optimisation and its tools and the obstacles that prevent the widespread use of automated optimisation in the BPS. The survey got 202 responses from researchers, building energy analysts, consultants, engineers, architects and students.
{"title":"Optimisation in Building Performance Simulation and Obstacles Facing Its Widespread Use","authors":"H. Sghiouri, M. Charai, A. Mezrhab","doi":"10.1109/iraset48871.2020.9091993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iraset48871.2020.9091993","url":null,"abstract":"This article summarises the results of an online survey on the use of optimisation in Building Performance Simulation (BPS). The survey aims to better understand the major uses of optimisation and its tools and the obstacles that prevent the widespread use of automated optimisation in the BPS. The survey got 202 responses from researchers, building energy analysts, consultants, engineers, architects and students.","PeriodicalId":271840,"journal":{"name":"2020 1st International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129110856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092090
Soukaina El Daoudi, Loubna Lazrak, M. A. Lafkih
Direct Torque Control is a well-known high-performance technique used in asynchronous motors. This conventional technique which uses hysteresis comparators suffers from high torque ripples and variable switching frequency. The most common solution to those drawbacks is to use the modulation technique in order to have a constant frequency. This paper presents a modified direct torque control of asynchronous motor scheme associated to sinusoidal pulse width modulation and PI regulators to generate the system voltages. In the other hand and instead of using a two-level inverter, the asynchronous motor is fed by a three-level inverter in order to reduce stress of the power device and to enhance output quality. In addition, the control strategy uses a speed estimator that allows the elimination of the mechanical sensor, which greatly increases the reliability of the system. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, theoretical principles and simulation results using the MATLAB / SIMULINK software will be made.
{"title":"Modified direct torque control for sensorless asynchronous motor fed by three-level inverter","authors":"Soukaina El Daoudi, Loubna Lazrak, M. A. Lafkih","doi":"10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092090","url":null,"abstract":"Direct Torque Control is a well-known high-performance technique used in asynchronous motors. This conventional technique which uses hysteresis comparators suffers from high torque ripples and variable switching frequency. The most common solution to those drawbacks is to use the modulation technique in order to have a constant frequency. This paper presents a modified direct torque control of asynchronous motor scheme associated to sinusoidal pulse width modulation and PI regulators to generate the system voltages. In the other hand and instead of using a two-level inverter, the asynchronous motor is fed by a three-level inverter in order to reduce stress of the power device and to enhance output quality. In addition, the control strategy uses a speed estimator that allows the elimination of the mechanical sensor, which greatly increases the reliability of the system. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, theoretical principles and simulation results using the MATLAB / SIMULINK software will be made.","PeriodicalId":271840,"journal":{"name":"2020 1st International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET)","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132608716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092203
Mohammed Amine Tamtalini, Abdelbaki El Belrhiti El Alaoui, A. E. Fergougui
Localization is one of the most essential challenges in wireless sensor networks because the location information is usually used in domains such as routing, target tracking, deployment and coverage. There be existent some localization algorithms that facilitate the sensor nodes to locate itself using the anchor/beacon nodes position. Some crucial efforts have been made in the past for optimizing the anchor node trajectory with good accuracy. This paper presents a novel algorithm for localization in wireless sensor networks. To predict unknown nodes location, we select top-3 anchor nodes using hybrid technique namely CSO-ANFIS (Chicken Swarm Optimization and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy System). For decision making, fusion center is used which rejects the reported location information if the distance between unknown node and anchor node beyond a threshold. On the other hand, energy consumption is a serious threat in WSN. In order to reduce the energy consumption, we proposed secure cluster based routing for data transmission by authenticating each node to sink node. Firstly, clustering is formed using Residual Energy, Node degree, and Distance between adjacent nodes. To improve the data transmission, we proposed hybrid encryption algorithms namely AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) with ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) and to forward data from source to the destination, Monarch Butterfly Optimization (MBO) is presented. Finally, nodes location is verified in Sink node by its pseudo random numbers. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through a series of simulations.
{"title":"ESLC-WSN: A Novel Energy Efficient Security Aware Localization and Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Mohammed Amine Tamtalini, Abdelbaki El Belrhiti El Alaoui, A. E. Fergougui","doi":"10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092203","url":null,"abstract":"Localization is one of the most essential challenges in wireless sensor networks because the location information is usually used in domains such as routing, target tracking, deployment and coverage. There be existent some localization algorithms that facilitate the sensor nodes to locate itself using the anchor/beacon nodes position. Some crucial efforts have been made in the past for optimizing the anchor node trajectory with good accuracy. This paper presents a novel algorithm for localization in wireless sensor networks. To predict unknown nodes location, we select top-3 anchor nodes using hybrid technique namely CSO-ANFIS (Chicken Swarm Optimization and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy System). For decision making, fusion center is used which rejects the reported location information if the distance between unknown node and anchor node beyond a threshold. On the other hand, energy consumption is a serious threat in WSN. In order to reduce the energy consumption, we proposed secure cluster based routing for data transmission by authenticating each node to sink node. Firstly, clustering is formed using Residual Energy, Node degree, and Distance between adjacent nodes. To improve the data transmission, we proposed hybrid encryption algorithms namely AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) with ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) and to forward data from source to the destination, Monarch Butterfly Optimization (MBO) is presented. Finally, nodes location is verified in Sink node by its pseudo random numbers. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through a series of simulations.","PeriodicalId":271840,"journal":{"name":"2020 1st International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115927706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092134
H. Sghiouri, Mouatassim Charai Certes, A. Mezrhab
In this study, we performed the screening and sensitivity analysis of a validated EAT system model in TRNSYS using Morris’s screening method and Sobol’s variance-based sensitivity analysis method. The results of this study can help decision makers, by highlighting the most influential decision variables to focus on when dealing with EAT systems, which were found to be the length of the tubes; the flow rate; the tube’s internal diameter; the number of tubes; and the depth at which they were buried. Some other decision variables were found to be negligible such as: tube’s conductivity and interdistance.
{"title":"Parameter Screening and Sensitivity Analysis of an Earth-Air Tunnel Numerical Model","authors":"H. Sghiouri, Mouatassim Charai Certes, A. Mezrhab","doi":"10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092134","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we performed the screening and sensitivity analysis of a validated EAT system model in TRNSYS using Morris’s screening method and Sobol’s variance-based sensitivity analysis method. The results of this study can help decision makers, by highlighting the most influential decision variables to focus on when dealing with EAT systems, which were found to be the length of the tubes; the flow rate; the tube’s internal diameter; the number of tubes; and the depth at which they were buried. Some other decision variables were found to be negligible such as: tube’s conductivity and interdistance.","PeriodicalId":271840,"journal":{"name":"2020 1st International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116309782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092323
Mohamed Hajjaj, A. Bouaaddi, Abdellah Mellaikhafi, A. Tilioua, C. Messaoudi
The study of the water heating by parabolic trough collector (PTC) includes two essential parts. The first part treats the numerical simulation of the direct normal irradiation in absorber tube. The second part is entirely reserved to study the heat exchange of the absorbent tube to determine the outlet temperature of the fluid (water). The main objective of this work is to simulate the outlet temperature of the circulating fluid in the absorber tube of the sensor with concentration effect. For this, a mathematical model is established to control the fluid outlet temperature. After a theoretical study, we established the water outlet temperature by a simulation the thermal performance of PTC under climatic conditions of Errachidia region (Southern Morocco) using Matlab Simulink and Trnsys software in typical days of year.
{"title":"Simulation of the water outlet temperature in a solar Parabolic Trough Collector in the Errachidia site","authors":"Mohamed Hajjaj, A. Bouaaddi, Abdellah Mellaikhafi, A. Tilioua, C. Messaoudi","doi":"10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092323","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the water heating by parabolic trough collector (PTC) includes two essential parts. The first part treats the numerical simulation of the direct normal irradiation in absorber tube. The second part is entirely reserved to study the heat exchange of the absorbent tube to determine the outlet temperature of the fluid (water). The main objective of this work is to simulate the outlet temperature of the circulating fluid in the absorber tube of the sensor with concentration effect. For this, a mathematical model is established to control the fluid outlet temperature. After a theoretical study, we established the water outlet temperature by a simulation the thermal performance of PTC under climatic conditions of Errachidia region (Southern Morocco) using Matlab Simulink and Trnsys software in typical days of year.","PeriodicalId":271840,"journal":{"name":"2020 1st International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123445285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092154
S. Laaroussi, A. Baataoui, A. Halli, K. Satori
Image mosaicking is a combination of multiple algorithms that use a series of images or a video to obtain as a result a single image with a larger field of view. However, in some cases the input data contains dynamic elements that change their position from a frame to another and this results in the appearance of errors like ghosting and parallax effects. In this paper, we will present a method to obtain a quantitative measure for mosaics with dynamic elements and how to determine the areas that create these errors. In fact, this was done by using dense optical flow to estimate the motion of all pixels and by comparing the Structure Similarity Index Measure of these areas obtained between the result mosaic and the input images. The obtained quantitative measures show better results and reflect better the obtained visual results.
{"title":"Quantitative measure for mosaics with dynamic elements using dense optical flow and the structure similarity index measure.","authors":"S. Laaroussi, A. Baataoui, A. Halli, K. Satori","doi":"10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092154","url":null,"abstract":"Image mosaicking is a combination of multiple algorithms that use a series of images or a video to obtain as a result a single image with a larger field of view. However, in some cases the input data contains dynamic elements that change their position from a frame to another and this results in the appearance of errors like ghosting and parallax effects. In this paper, we will present a method to obtain a quantitative measure for mosaics with dynamic elements and how to determine the areas that create these errors. In fact, this was done by using dense optical flow to estimate the motion of all pixels and by comparing the Structure Similarity Index Measure of these areas obtained between the result mosaic and the input images. The obtained quantitative measures show better results and reflect better the obtained visual results.","PeriodicalId":271840,"journal":{"name":"2020 1st International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123539653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092177
Houda Bouyarmane, M. E. Amine, M. Sallaou
in recent decades, manufacturers have started to orientate towards ecological products given the increasing environmental concerns. In this sense, several design methods have been proposed, including design for disassembly, which aims to ensure a better valorization of end-of-life products.This paper proposes a new method for evaluating ease of disassembly for product recycling during the preliminary design phases, notably the conceptual phase, given its considerable impact on the rest of a product’s life cycle. Indeed, this approach will allow the designer to reduce the number of proposed solutions using the concept of reference concepts based on the following evaluation criteria: type of disassembly tools, accessibility and operator’s posture during disassembly, time and the chosen end-of-life scenarios. The design concepts proposed are then assessed and compared against these reference concepts. Any solution above the thresholds of the four concepts is a rejected solution.
{"title":"The disassembly evaluation for end-of-life products during the preliminary phases","authors":"Houda Bouyarmane, M. E. Amine, M. Sallaou","doi":"10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRASET48871.2020.9092177","url":null,"abstract":"in recent decades, manufacturers have started to orientate towards ecological products given the increasing environmental concerns. In this sense, several design methods have been proposed, including design for disassembly, which aims to ensure a better valorization of end-of-life products.This paper proposes a new method for evaluating ease of disassembly for product recycling during the preliminary design phases, notably the conceptual phase, given its considerable impact on the rest of a product’s life cycle. Indeed, this approach will allow the designer to reduce the number of proposed solutions using the concept of reference concepts based on the following evaluation criteria: type of disassembly tools, accessibility and operator’s posture during disassembly, time and the chosen end-of-life scenarios. The design concepts proposed are then assessed and compared against these reference concepts. Any solution above the thresholds of the four concepts is a rejected solution.","PeriodicalId":271840,"journal":{"name":"2020 1st International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116817940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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