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Mining Spatial-Temporal Travel Patterns from Highway Transaction Data 从公路交易数据中挖掘时空旅行模式
Wenhui Ji, Zhilong Lu, T. Zhu
Highways are playing increasingly significant roles in connecting different cities, and there are many vehicles traveling on highways. However, with the ever-growing number of vehicles, traffic problems such as congestion have become more and more severe, and the efficiency of travel is dramatically affected by the on-road jams. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the basic modes of highways and to identify vehicles' travel patterns, which can help the highway administrators to master the characteristics of highways and make effective decisions to relieve traffic problems. There has been much research about urban travel patterns while little research has been conducted on highway travel patterns. As far as we know, this is the first time to analyze highway travel patterns using highway transaction data. In this paper, we propose to use a practical data-mining method. Firstly, we introduce a 4-dimensional vector to describe the spatial and temporal characteristics of a car. Then we adopt the unsupervised clustering-based methods to mine the hidden regularities of the travel patterns, and we get four identifiable patterns that could be explained reasonably in practice. Finally, we provide some case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and conduct a series of analyses based on different patterns.
高速公路在连接不同城市方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,并且有许多车辆在高速公路上行驶。然而,随着车辆数量的不断增加,交通拥堵等交通问题变得越来越严重,道路拥堵极大地影响了出行的效率。因此,有必要了解公路的基本模式,识别车辆的出行模式,这有助于公路管理者掌握公路的特点,做出有效的决策,缓解交通问题。对城市出行模式的研究较多,而对公路出行模式的研究较少。据我们所知,这是第一次使用公路交易数据来分析公路出行模式。在本文中,我们建议使用一种实用的数据挖掘方法。首先,我们引入一个四维矢量来描述汽车的时空特征。然后采用基于无监督聚类的方法挖掘出行模式的隐藏规律,得到四种可识别的、在实践中可以合理解释的出行模式。最后,我们提供了一些案例研究来证明所提出方案的有效性,并基于不同的模式进行了一系列的分析。
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引用次数: 1
Improve Neural Machine Translation by Syntax Tree 用语法树改进神经机器翻译
Siyu Chen, Qingsong Yu
Most of the neural machine translation methods are devoted to using syntactic information at one end of the Encoder-Decoder framework. They didn't use syntactic information at both ends, so that the syntactic information cannot be fully utilized to improve the translation effect. There are still errors due to insufficient grammar information. In order to solve this problem and make full use of syntactic information, we proposed a new tree-to-tree neural machine translation model. Syntax tree is added to the encoder as priori knowledge, and the bidirectional tree is used to obtain the information of the syntax tree, thereby generating a high-quality representation. At the same time, syntax structure is also added to the decoder to guide sentence generation. The experiment was carried out on Chinese-English language pairs, which proved to improve the effect of the neural machine translation.
大多数神经机器翻译方法都致力于在编码器-解码器框架的一端使用句法信息。他们没有在两端使用句法信息,从而不能充分利用句法信息来提高翻译效果。由于语法信息不足,仍然存在错误。为了解决这一问题并充分利用句法信息,我们提出了一种新的树对树神经机器翻译模型。将语法树作为先验知识添加到编码器中,利用双向树获取语法树的信息,从而生成高质量的表示。同时在解码器中加入句法结构,指导句子生成。在汉英语言对上进行了实验,证明了神经网络机器翻译提高了翻译效果。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation Analysis of Ultrasonic Guided Waves on Gas Flow Measurement 超声导波在气体流量测量中的仿真分析
Heze Zhang, Li Cao
Clamp-on gas flowmeters based on ultrasonic guided waves are easy to installed, with a wide range of application, without affecting the pipe structure. In this paper, the gas flow measurement based on ultrasonic guided waves is studied. And the finite element simulation method is used to conduct guided wave excitation and gas flow measurement experiments on gas-containing pipelines. The excitation simulation of guided wave modes is performed at different frequencies on different material pipelines. The results show that the selection of the excitation signal frequency and guided wave modes needs to consider with the dispersion curve and the vibration displacement distribution of the guided waves on the pipe wall together. Finally, the flow simulation experiment of the gas-containing pipeline is performed. The ratio of the time difference between the simulation result and the theoretical value is constant, which further explains the necessity of the compensation coefficient in the flow measurement formula.
基于超声导波的夹紧式气体流量计安装方便,适用范围广,不影响管道结构。本文对基于超声导波的气体流量测量进行了研究。采用有限元模拟方法对含气管道进行导波激励和气体流量测量实验。对不同材料管道在不同频率下的导波模态进行了激励仿真。结果表明,激励信号频率和导波模态的选择需要综合考虑导波在管壁上的频散曲线和振动位移分布。最后,对含气管道进行了流动模拟实验。仿真结果与理论值的时间差之比是恒定的,这进一步说明了流量测量公式中补偿系数的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Embedded Automatic Control System for Temperature, Humidity and Light Intensity in Agricultural Greenhouses 农业大棚温湿度光强嵌入式自动控制系统
L. Meili, Bi Yankang
Based on the science and technology plan project of Shandong province, this paper designs an automatic control system based on the temperature, humidity and light intensity of the embedded agricultural greenhouse. The system uses DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor and BH1750 light intensity sensor to collect environmental information and transmit the collected data to the STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller for processing and sending out control signals. The system is simple in operation, low in cost and high in precision.
本文结合山东省科技计划项目,设计了一种基于嵌入式农业大棚温度、湿度和光强的自动控制系统。系统采用DHT11温湿度传感器和BH1750光强传感器采集环境信息,将采集到的数据传输到STM32F103ZET6单片机进行处理并发出控制信号。该系统操作简单,成本低,精度高。
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引用次数: 11
Evaluation of High Precision Localization Approach for a Fleet of Unmanned Deep Ocean Vehicles 深海无人潜航器舰队高精度定位方法评价
Edwin Devassykutty, G. Brink
This paper addresses an unconventional approach for localizing underwater robots through sensor fusion and inverted Long Baseline (LBL) method. Initially, the paper describes the practical difficulties faced in developing such a system and then provides a solution for the same. Underwater localization finds its application in precise bathymetry scanning and underwater navigation. Apart from the normal LBL localization, an inverted moving LBL approach is introduced by means of Ultra-Short Baseline (USBL) modems. For the development of localization algorithm, a fleet of underwater robots and autonomous surface vehicles equipped with USBL modems are utilized. These modems, equipped with an atomic clock are able to localize its position with respect to another USBL modem. Measurements from the USBL modem which is fitted in the underwater robot are then fed to a tested outlier rejection algorithm. Filtered values are then given to a localization algorithm which is built upon time of arrival (TOA) measurements and depth sensor readings. The output of the localization algorithm is combined with Inertial Navigation System (INS) readings by an unscented Kalman Filter. By this method, long-term accuracy of USBL and short-term accuracy of INS are well utilized. Analysis of various errors caused by the system has been addressed in the second half of the paper. Finally, the paper finishes with a few test results from the simulation. Simulation results prove the localization approach and the degree of error caused by false readings. The simulation results had an error of 9m in localization with a 100ms difference in TOA without moving LBL approach. This paper addresses a method to overcome such an error.
提出了一种基于传感器融合和倒长基线(LBL)的水下机器人定位方法。本文首先描述了开发该系统所面临的实际困难,然后给出了解决方案。水下定位技术在精密测深扫描和水下导航中有广泛的应用。除了常规的LBL定位外,还引入了一种利用超短基线(USBL)调制解调器实现倒转移动LBL的方法。为了开发定位算法,使用了配备USBL调制解调器的水下机器人和自主水面车辆。这些调制解调器,配备一个原子钟,能够定位其位置相对于另一个USBL调制解调器。安装在水下机器人中的USBL调制解调器的测量数据然后被馈送到经过测试的离群值抑制算法中。然后将过滤值提供给基于到达时间(TOA)测量和深度传感器读数建立的定位算法。定位算法的输出通过无气味卡尔曼滤波与惯性导航系统(INS)的读数相结合。该方法很好地利用了USBL的长期精度和INS的短期精度。本文的后半部分对系统产生的各种误差进行了分析。最后,本文给出了仿真的一些测试结果。仿真结果证明了该定位方法的有效性和误差程度。在不移动LBL方法的情况下,仿真结果定位误差为9m, TOA差为100ms。本文提出了一种克服这种误差的方法。
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引用次数: 2
On the Challenges and Opportunities of Smart Meters in Smart Homes and Smart Grids 智能电表在智能家居和智能电网中的挑战与机遇
Zainab Al-Waisi, Michael Opoku Agyeman
Nowadays, electricity companies have started applying smart grid in their systems rather than the conventional electrical grid (manual grid). Smart grid produces an efficient and effective energy management and control, reduces the cost of production, saves energy and it is more reliable compared to the conventional grid. As an advanced energy meter, smart meters can measure the power consumption as well as monitor and control electrical devices. Smart meters have been adopted in many countries since the 2000s as they provide economic, social and environmental benefits for multiple stakeholders. The design of smart meter can be customized depending on the customer and the utility company needs. There are different sensors and devices supported by dedicated communication infrastructure which can be utilized to implement smart meters. This paper presents a study of the challenges associated with smart meters, smart homes and smart grids as an effort to highlight opportunities for emerging research and industrial solutions.
如今,电力公司已经开始在其系统中应用智能电网,而不是传统的电网(人工电网)。智能电网实现了高效、有效的能源管理和控制,降低了生产成本,节约了能源,比传统电网更加可靠。智能电表作为一种先进的电能表,既能测量电能消耗,又能对用电设备进行监控。自2000年代以来,智能电表已在许多国家采用,因为它们为多个利益相关者提供了经济、社会和环境效益。智能电表的设计可以根据客户和公用事业公司的需要进行定制。专用通信基础设施支持不同的传感器和设备,可用于实现智能电表。本文介绍了与智能电表、智能家居和智能电网相关的挑战的研究,以突出新兴研究和工业解决方案的机会。
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引用次数: 11
Studying on Weapons-Targets Assignment Based on Genetic Algorithm 基于遗传算法的武器目标分配研究
Jintao Su, Yunqi Yao, Yuefeng He
Under the condition that the platform may be attacked by multiple types of targets, the types of weapons on the platform are diverse and the operational situation is complex, the traditional method of the weapon-target assignment cannot adapt to the requirements of the high intensity and multi-aspects. This paper puts forward the concept of weapon compatibility coefficient, establishes the mathematical model of weapons-targets assignment, and designs the weapons-targets assignment algorithm by the genetic algorithm. The simulation experiment shows that this method can provide nearly real-time and overall optimal weapons-target assignment decision for multi-aspect combat of the platform, and can significantly improve the comprehensive effectiveness.
在平台可能受到多类型目标攻击、平台武器种类多样、作战态势复杂的情况下,传统的武器目标分配方法已不能适应高强度、多面向的要求。提出了武器兼容系数的概念,建立了武器-目标分配的数学模型,并用遗传算法设计了武器-目标分配算法。仿真实验表明,该方法可以为平台的多面向作战提供近乎实时、全面的最优武器目标分配决策,显著提高综合效能。
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引用次数: 2
A Compact Solution of Distributed Multi-Step Delayed Input and State Estimation 分布式多步延迟输入与状态估计的紧凑解
C. Hsieh
This paper presents a compact solution of the recently proposed (time) distributed multi-step delayed input and state estimation (DMSDISE) using a novel decoupled unknown input estimator (UIE) design. It is shown that via this decoupling technique, the conventional UIE can be more efficiently implemented using several smaller unknown subinput estimators, which can be realized independently. Furthermore, the implementation issue of designing the online estimable UIE using a filtered state estimator is also addressed. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
本文利用一种新的解耦未知输入估计器(UIE)设计,给出了最近提出的(时间)分布式多步延迟输入和状态估计(DMSDISE)的紧凑解。结果表明,通过这种解耦技术,传统的UIE可以使用几个较小的未知子输入估计量来实现,并且这些未知子输入估计量可以独立实现。此外,还讨论了使用滤波状态估计器设计在线可估计UIE的实现问题。算例表明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-Level Modeling Framework for Machine as a Service Applications Based on Product Process Resource Models 基于产品过程资源模型的机器即服务应用多层次建模框架
C. Brecher, Evgeny Kusmenko, Achim Lindt, Bernhard Rumpe, S. Storms, S. Wein, Michael von Wenckstern, A. Wortmann
At present, manufacturing processes are highly tailored to a specific product. Changes in product requirements therefore lead to big manual efforts for adapting the manufacturing process and reconfiguring production resources accordingly. Existing approaches do not cope well with this complexity. This hinders agile, customer-oriented manufacturing. A promising approach for automated assembling processes is the Machine as a Service paradigm, which aims for providing production resources on demand. This requires a consistent and pervasive formalization of product specifications, the corresponding manufacturing resources and their interdependencies. Thus, our first contribution is a generic and extensible multi-level and modular modeling framework to formalize products and available resources. Our framework is scalable for large companies and enables reuse for cross-company collaboration and supplier integration. Thereby, the static relationship between product, process and resource is avoided by describing product features and resource skills in separate models. Our framework uses the standardized SysML/UML. Our second contribution is the ability of our framework to integrate different standards. For demonstration, we apply our multi-level approach to a flexible assembly of terminal boxes for transmission gears and show the integration of standards by embedding the eCl@ss classification.
目前,制造工艺是高度针对特定产品定制的。因此,产品需求的变化导致了大量的人工工作,以适应制造过程并相应地重新配置生产资源。现有的方法不能很好地处理这种复杂性。这阻碍了敏捷的、面向客户的制造。自动化装配过程的一种很有前途的方法是机器即服务范式,其目的是按需提供生产资源。这需要产品规格、相应的制造资源及其相互依赖性的一致和普遍的形式化。因此,我们的第一个贡献是一个通用的、可扩展的多级模块化建模框架,用于形式化产品和可用资源。我们的框架对于大公司是可伸缩的,并且支持跨公司协作和供应商集成的重用。因此,通过在单独的模型中描述产品特征和资源技能,可以避免产品、过程和资源之间的静态关系。我们的框架使用标准化的SysML/UML。我们的第二个贡献是我们的框架能够集成不同的标准。为了演示,我们将我们的多层次方法应用于变速箱终端盒的灵活组装,并通过嵌入eCl@ss分类来显示标准的集成。
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引用次数: 5
Robust and Efficient Text: Line Extraction by Local Minimal Sub-Seams 鲁棒高效文本:基于局部最小子接缝的行提取
Raid Saabni
Robust text line extraction from document images is vital prerequisite for any successful text recognition or analyzing process. Generally, most of the proposed algorithms for this task assumed kind of binarization pre-processing step in order to insure well performance. In this paper, we present a novel robust and efficient algorithm to extract textlines directly from gray level document images. The algorithm tracks minimal energy sub-seams accumulated to perform a full local minimal/maximal separating and medial seams defining the text lines. To improve the ability of extracting such seams, we enhance the image using double-sided adaptive local density projection profile followed by multi-scale anisotropic second derivative of Gaussian filter bank. Following the observation that center of lines are more reliable to follow, we first extract seams that follow the center of lines to constraint the algorithm for evolving the separating seams. The algorithm is parameter-free and we evaluate the free parameters directly by analyzing the image properties and the pixels distribution. We have tested our approach on multi-lingual various datasets written at range of image quality and received very encouraging results, which outperform state-of-the-art algorithms.
从文档图像中提取健壮的文本行是任何成功的文本识别或分析过程的重要先决条件。通常,大多数针对该任务提出的算法都假定了某种二值化预处理步骤,以确保良好的性能。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的鲁棒和高效的算法来直接从灰度文档图像中提取文本线。该算法跟踪累积的最小能量子接缝以执行完整的局部最小/最大分离和定义文本行的中间接缝。为了提高提取此类接缝的能力,我们采用双面自适应局部密度投影轮廓,然后采用高斯滤波器组的多尺度各向异性二阶导数对图像进行增强。在观察到中心线更可靠的情况下,我们首先提取沿中心线的接缝来约束分离接缝的演化算法。该算法是无参数的,我们通过分析图像的性质和像素的分布来直接评估自由参数。我们已经在各种图像质量范围内编写的多语言各种数据集上测试了我们的方法,并收到了非常令人鼓舞的结果,优于最先进的算法。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Computer Science and Intelligent Control
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