Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.54635/tpks.2022.21putk
Merab Chukhua
According to the factual material of the Kartvelian, Abkhazian, Ossetian, Armenian, Greek, and Arabic languages, it is possible to reconstruct the common Georgian ethnic term *tsen-, which was historically one of the Kartvelian ethnic groups, whose residence was called Tsane / Tsanja, and the community from there was referred to as tsanar-. It was the people who settled mainly in the territory of the modern Kazbegi-Tianeti region, whose traces of life in the Mtskheta-Tianeti region also were to be confirmed by the Georgian surnames formed with the suffixes -ish / -sh- of the Laz-Megrelian kinship, cf. Kai-sh-aur-i, Ghudu-sh-aur-i, Ghan-ish-ashvil-i and many others. In the ancient historical period, we see the unmistakable traces of occurrence of the Georgian term Tsan-ar- used to denote Georgian in the Dagestanian language data as well, where the ethnic term *Tsonor- was equal to Georgian man and which chronologically precedes the Gurji / Gurzhi allomorphs of modern and oriental origin. საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართველური ლექსიკა, ეთნონიმი, ეტიმოლოგია. keywords: Kartvelian vocabulary, ethnonym, etymology.
{"title":"C’anarta c’armomavlobisatvis /წანართა წარმომავლობისათვის [For the Structure of The Noun c̕anar]","authors":"Merab Chukhua","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.21putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.21putk","url":null,"abstract":"According to the factual material of the Kartvelian, Abkhazian, Ossetian, \u0000Armenian, Greek, and Arabic languages, it is possible to reconstruct the common \u0000Georgian ethnic term *tsen-, which was historically one of the Kartvelian ethnic \u0000groups, whose residence was called Tsane / Tsanja, and the community from there \u0000was referred to as tsanar-. It was the people who settled mainly in the territory of the \u0000modern Kazbegi-Tianeti region, whose traces of life in the Mtskheta-Tianeti region \u0000also were to be confirmed by the Georgian surnames formed with the suffixes -ish / \u0000-sh- of the Laz-Megrelian kinship, cf. Kai-sh-aur-i, Ghudu-sh-aur-i, Ghan-ish-ashvil-i \u0000and many others. In the ancient historical period, we see the unmistakable traces of \u0000occurrence of the Georgian term Tsan-ar- used to denote Georgian in the Dagestanian \u0000language data as well, where the ethnic term *Tsonor- was equal to Georgian man and \u0000which chronologically precedes the Gurji / Gurzhi allomorphs of modern and oriental \u0000origin.\u0000საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართველური ლექსიკა, ეთნონიმი, ეტიმოლოგია.\u0000keywords: Kartvelian vocabulary, ethnonym, etymology.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"281 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116569299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.54635/tpks.2022.17putk
Manana Tabidze
Recent studies confirm that verbal communication does not involve the mechanical use of linguistic means. The intralingual space contains a large number of layers consistently enlarged from a narrow communication team to a national extent, which contains the knowledge of numerous psychological, cultural, and ethnic-genetic conventionalities in communication. It is not possible to combine and organize this knowledge within a single academic field. It is for this reason that modern interpretations of transregional and regional maxims can also be used to explain the tendency to exacerbate several fundamentally important issues in linguistics. The proposed article examines the following issues: the essence of the controversial issue of the terminological qualification of the language-dialect, the imperfection of the tree model of Indo-European languages to convey the peculiarities of the Kartvelian linguistic world, the importance of measures aimed at facilitating the normalization of the written language and sharpening the consolidation skills, issues of current challenges of dialectology and so on.საკვანძო სიტყვები: ენათმეცნიერება, სოციოლინგვისტიკა, მაქსიმა, ენა-დიალექტის მიმართება.Keywords: Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Maxima, Language-Dialect Relation.
{"title":"T’ransregionuli da regionuli maksimebi da enatmecniereba (kartuli samc’ignobro enis sivrce) /ტრანსრეგიონული და რეგიონული მაქსიმები და ენათმეცნიერება (ქართული სამწიგნობრო ენის სივრცე) [Transregional and Regional Maxims and Linguistics (Georgian Literary Language Space)]","authors":"Manana Tabidze","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.17putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.17putk","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies confirm that verbal communication does not involve the mechanical use of linguistic means. The intralingual space contains a large number of layers consistently enlarged from a narrow communication team to a national extent, which contains the knowledge of numerous psychological, cultural, and ethnic-genetic conventionalities in communication. It is not possible to combine and organize this knowledge within a single academic field. It is for this reason that modern interpretations of transregional and regional maxims can also be used to explain the tendency to exacerbate several fundamentally important issues in linguistics.\u0000The proposed article examines the following issues: the essence of the controversial issue of the terminological qualification of the language-dialect, the imperfection of the tree model of Indo-European languages to convey the peculiarities of the Kartvelian linguistic world, the importance of measures aimed at facilitating the normalization of the written language and sharpening the consolidation skills, issues of current challenges of dialectology and so on.საკვანძო სიტყვები: ენათმეცნიერება, სოციოლინგვისტიკა, მაქსიმა, ენა-დიალექტის მიმართება.Keywords: Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Maxima, Language-Dialect Relation.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121543946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.54635/tpks.2022.15putk
Medea Saghliani
In the present article, which offers the analysis of phonetic-phonological and semantic transformations of several lexical units assimilated from Zan (resp. Megrelian-Laz) into Svan dialect-sub-dialects in different epochs and in different ways, in the footsteps of our research, all the opinions related to each analytical lexical unit, which are expressed in the academic literature by Georgian or foreign linguists, are taken into account. Naturally, the paper also focuses on material that is lost in Zan itself, although it is preserved in Svan, mainly in the Lower Bal dialect, which indicates the ancient borrowing of this material and, at the same time, its archaism.The lexical units assimilated from Zan, as the observation of the material demonstrated, are attested in Svan both phonetically-semantically unchanged, as well as with different phonetic variants or semantic nuances (modified data). Some of the borrowed roots are “Svanized”, it means they contain morphological inventory typical of Svan: palatal, velar or labial umlaut, long vowel, anaptyctic element, etc. In addition, the following phonetic processes are quite tangible in one part of the lexical units borrowed from Zan: sound alternation, reduction processes in light and hard forms, loss of sounds, etc.In Svan, several such stems (resp. root, morpheme, affix) have been identified, which are either missing or manifested in other forms in Zan. Clearly, such forms, which were presumably preserved by Svan as relics, indicate their ancient borrowing. In our opinion, revealing any archaic form will allow Georgian or foreign comparativists to restore many archetypes. We believe, such research is very important and interesting for presenting a general picture of the development of Svan phonological and lexical systems. საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართველური (ზანურ-სვანური) ლექსიკა, ფონეტიკური პროცესები სვანურში, სემანტიკური ცვლილებები. Keywords: Kartvelian (Zan-Svan) vocabulary, Phonetic processes in Svan, Semantic changes.
{"title":"Zanuridan (megrul-lazuridan) shetvisebuli leksik’uri erteulebis ponet’ikur-ponologiuri da semant’ik’uri adap’t’aciisatvis svanurshi /ზანურიდან (მეგრულ-ლაზურიდან) შეთვისებული ლექსიკური ერთეულების ფონეტიკურ-ფონოლოგიური და სემანტიკური ადაპტაციისათვის სვანურში [Phonetic, Phonological and Semantic Adapta","authors":"Medea Saghliani","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.15putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.15putk","url":null,"abstract":"In the present article, which offers the analysis of phonetic-phonological and semantic transformations of several lexical units assimilated from Zan (resp. Megrelian-Laz) into Svan dialect-sub-dialects in different epochs and in different ways, in the footsteps of our research, all the opinions related to each analytical lexical unit, which are expressed in the academic literature by Georgian or foreign linguists, are taken into account. Naturally, the paper also focuses on material that is lost in Zan itself, although it is preserved in Svan, mainly in the Lower Bal dialect, which indicates the ancient borrowing of this material and, at the same time, its archaism.The lexical units assimilated from Zan, as the observation of the material demonstrated, are attested in Svan both phonetically-semantically unchanged, as well as with different phonetic variants or semantic nuances (modified data). Some of the borrowed roots are “Svanized”, it means they contain morphological inventory typical of Svan: palatal, velar or labial umlaut, long vowel, anaptyctic element, etc. In addition, the following phonetic processes are quite tangible in one part of the lexical units borrowed from Zan: sound alternation, reduction processes in light and hard forms, loss of sounds, etc.In Svan, several such stems (resp. root, morpheme, affix) have been identified, which are either missing or manifested in other forms in Zan. Clearly, such forms, which were presumably preserved by Svan as relics, indicate their ancient borrowing. In our opinion, revealing any archaic form will allow Georgian or foreign comparativists to restore many archetypes. We believe, such research is very important and interesting for presenting a general picture of the development of Svan phonological and lexical systems. \u0000საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართველური (ზანურ-სვანური) ლექსიკა, ფონეტიკური\u0000პროცესები სვანურში, სემანტიკური ცვლილებები.\u0000Keywords: Kartvelian (Zan-Svan) vocabulary, Phonetic processes in Svan, Semantic\u0000changes.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127089021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.54635/tpks.2022.07putk
Eka Dadiani
The adverbial case in the speech of the Georgians of Tao is mainly formed by the allomorphs that are characteristic of the Georgian literary language and the dialects. However, the frequency of their occurrence is rather different. The -a suffix is the most common one, to which in some cases -i/-y is added. The occurrences of the variants that include d/t consonant (-ad/-at/-d/-t) are relatively rare. It is noteworthy that as an alternative to the adverbial case, the forms of the nominative case or postpositional forms (-ze, -baaze/barze) are quite frequently represented, which are less common in other dialects. The adverbial case forms primarily manifest manner and purpose, while the expression of time and place is relatively uncommon. Almost no occurrences of translative and sequential functions have been attested. We believe, the above-mentioned facts refer to the weakening of the position of the adverbial case in the Taoian dialect which could be explained by the influence of the Turkish language; there is no adverbial case in Turkish, mainly the nominative or dative forms are applied to express the relevant content. The use of the nominative case or postpositional forms as having the adverbial function is not uncommon in Georgian either, however, its activation in those constructions where the adverbial case is established in Georgian, should have been driven by close contact with the Turkish language. This is evidenced by the data of Laz, the Kartvelian subsystem functioning within the sphere of Turkish. Currently, there is no adverbial case in Laz (its function is performed by the nominative case), though historically it should have occurred here. In terms of expressing the adverbial case, the Taoian dialect exhibits common Georgian tendencies, on the one hand, and those changes that emerge as a result of bilingualism, on the other. საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული დიალექტოლოგია, ტაოური დიალექტი, სახელის ფორმაწარმოება, ვითარებითი ბრუნვა.Keywords: Georgian dialectology, Taoian dialect, formation of nominals, adverbial case.
{"title":"Vitarebiti brunvis gamoxatvisatvis qartuli enis taour dialeqtshi /ვითარებითი ბრუნვის გამოხატვისათვის ქართული ენის ტაოურ დიალექტში [Expressing Adverbial Case in Tao Dialect of the Georgian Language]","authors":"Eka Dadiani","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.07putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.07putk","url":null,"abstract":"The adverbial case in the speech of the Georgians of Tao is mainly formed by the allomorphs that are characteristic of the Georgian literary language and the dialects. However, the frequency of their occurrence is rather different. The -a suffix is the most common one, to which in some cases -i/-y is added. The occurrences of the variants that include d/t consonant (-ad/-at/-d/-t) are relatively rare. It is noteworthy that as an alternative to the adverbial case, the forms of the nominative case or postpositional forms (-ze, -baaze/barze) are quite frequently represented, which are less common in other dialects. The adverbial case forms primarily manifest manner and purpose, while the expression of time and place is relatively uncommon. Almost no occurrences of translative and sequential functions have been attested.\u0000We believe, the above-mentioned facts refer to the weakening of the position of the adverbial case in the Taoian dialect which could be explained by the influence of the Turkish language; there is no adverbial case in Turkish, mainly the nominative or dative forms are applied to express the relevant content. The use of the nominative case or postpositional forms as having the adverbial function is not uncommon in Georgian either, however, its activation in those constructions where the adverbial case is established in Georgian, should have been driven by close contact with the Turkish language. This is evidenced by the data of Laz, the Kartvelian subsystem functioning within the sphere of Turkish. Currently, there is no adverbial case in Laz (its function is performed by the nominative case), though historically it should have occurred here.\u0000In terms of expressing the adverbial case, the Taoian dialect exhibits common Georgian tendencies, on the one hand, and those changes that emerge as a result of bilingualism, on the other.\u0000საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული დიალექტოლოგია, ტაოური დიალექტი, სახელის ფორმაწარმოება, ვითარებითი ბრუნვა.Keywords: Georgian dialectology, Taoian dialect, formation of nominals, adverbial case.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125360237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.54635/tpks.2022.12putk
Otar Nikoleishvili
Unfortunately, in the years before the restoration of Georgia’s state independence and at the first stage of this historic event, the role of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the leader of the Georgian people’s national liberation struggle has been mostly portrayed in a negative way in Georgia-related articles in the New York Times, while the country was striving in the direction of restoring state independence. This circumstance has primarily occurred because the authors of the above-mentioned publications were not properly aware of the situation in our country at that time and received the necessary information in this regard mainly from the Moscow bureau of the New York Times. In terms of assessing the circumstances in our country, the situation is starting to change for the better after the arrival of Eduard Shevardnadze in Georgia. From this time on, the authors of newspaper articles no longer refer to Georgia as a separatist republic, neither do they identify those in power at the time in our country as separatist leaders. Such a radical change in the attitude of American journalists and political scientists towards this phenomenon was, first of all, because the Soviet Empire had long since officially dissolved and mention of union republics in old terms made no sense. Based on the above materials, we can conclude that the then-existing negative attitude of American political scientists and journalists towards Georgia and its first president has significantly aggravated and further intensified the processes that have substantially hindered a real solution to the problem of restoring our state independence.საკვანძო სიტყვები: საქართველოს უახლესი ისტორია, საბჭოთა კავშირის პოლიტიკა საქართველოში, ზვიად გამსახურდიას მოღვაწეობა, ამერიკული პრესა.Keywords: Contemporary history of Georgia, The policy of the Soviet Union in Georgia, The work of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, The American Press.
{"title":"Zviad gamsaxurdias p’olitik’uri p’ort’ret’isatvis (gazet niu-iork t’aimsshi 1991-1993 c’lebshi gamokveqnebul p’ublik’aciebze daqrdnobit /ზვიად გამსახურდიას პორტრეტისათვის გაზეთ „ნიუ-იორკ ტაიმსში“ 1991-1993 წლებში გამოქვეყნებულ პუბლიკაციებზე დაყრდნობით [For the political Portrait of Zviad Gamsakhurdi","authors":"Otar Nikoleishvili","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.12putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.12putk","url":null,"abstract":"Unfortunately, in the years before the restoration of Georgia’s state independence and at the first stage of this historic event, the role of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the leader of the Georgian people’s national liberation struggle has been mostly portrayed in a negative way in Georgia-related articles in the New York Times, while the country was striving in the direction of restoring state independence. This circumstance has primarily occurred because the authors of the above-mentioned publications were not properly aware of the situation in our country at that time and received the necessary information in this regard mainly from the Moscow bureau of the New York Times.\u0000In terms of assessing the circumstances in our country, the situation is starting to change for the better after the arrival of Eduard Shevardnadze in Georgia.\u0000From this time on, the authors of newspaper articles no longer refer to Georgia as a separatist republic, neither do they identify those in power at the time in our country as separatist leaders. Such a radical change in the attitude of American journalists and political scientists towards this phenomenon was, first of all, because the Soviet Empire had long since officially dissolved and mention of union republics in old terms made no sense. Based on the above materials, we can conclude that the then-existing negative attitude of American political scientists and journalists towards Georgia and its first president has significantly aggravated and further intensified the processes that have substantially hindered a real solution to the problem of restoring our state independence.საკვანძო სიტყვები: საქართველოს უახლესი ისტორია, საბჭოთა კავშირის პოლიტიკა საქართველოში, ზვიად გამსახურდიას მოღვაწეობა, ამერიკული პრესა.Keywords: Contemporary history of Georgia, The policy of the Soviet Union in Georgia, The work of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, The American Press.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131818119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.54635/tpks.2022.05putk
Tsira Baramidze
We discuss the morphological and syntactic bases for polyfunctionality of marker -d- in the process of changing the model of Georgian verb conjugation, based on the premise that Georgian, like all Ibero-Caucasian languages, was the language of the class conjugation. The d- > *d- morphological marker is used in those languages where the grammatical class is a valid category and in those languages where the grammatical category of the class has already disappeared, the meaning of d and its use with a different function are frequent. There are few cases of expressing the valence of a subject with the suffix -d; for the most part, the direct object is conveyed by the suffixes -n / -d. Thus, in this new but infinite part of conjugation, the suffixes -n / -d convey not only S3 but also the valence of the subject if the verb is intransitive and the valence of the object if the verb is transitive. -d was also used as the passive voice marker. The -d- used in the marking of the passive voice is nothing but the reinterpretation of the archaic *d (grammatical class marker) in the new system, where it can only denote the valence of the subject. As for the active voice, the special marker of which does not exist in the verb, d- is considered to be a marker in active verbs, and the meaning of this term is not fully clear. -d that occurs in the Georgian verb conjugation system is the reinterpretation of the archaic *d (the historical marker of the grammatical class). The principle of the economy of markers has proven to be particularly productive in the process of changing the conjugation models in the Georgian language.საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული ენა, პოლიფუნქციური -დ, უღვლილება, მორფოსინტაქსური მოდელი.Keywords: Georgian Language, polyfunctional -d, conjugation, morphosyntactic models
{"title":"P’olipunkciuri –d kartulshi da ughvlilebis morposint’aksuri modelebi /პოლიფუნქციური -დ- ქართულში და უღვლილების მორფოსინტაქსური მოდელები [Polyfunctional -d- in Georgian and Morphosyntactic Models of Conjugation]","authors":"Tsira Baramidze","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.05putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.05putk","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the morphological and syntactic bases for polyfunctionality of marker -d- in the process of changing the model of Georgian verb conjugation, based on the premise that Georgian, like all Ibero-Caucasian languages, was the language of the class conjugation. The d- > *d- morphological marker is used in those languages where the grammatical class is a valid category and in those languages where the grammatical category of the class has already disappeared, the meaning of d and its use with a different function are frequent. There are few cases of expressing the valence of a subject with the suffix -d; for the most part, the direct object is conveyed by the suffixes -n / -d. Thus, in this new but infinite part of conjugation, the suffixes -n / -d convey not only S3 but also the valence of the subject if the verb is intransitive and the valence of the object if the verb is transitive. -d was also used as the passive voice marker. The -d- used in the marking of the passive voice is nothing but the reinterpretation of the archaic *d (grammatical class marker) in the new system, where it can only denote the valence of the subject. As for the active voice, the special marker of which does not exist in the verb, d- is considered to be a marker in active verbs, and the meaning of this term is not fully clear.\u0000-d that occurs in the Georgian verb conjugation system is the reinterpretation of the archaic *d (the historical marker of the grammatical class). The principle of the economy of markers has proven to be particularly productive in the process of changing the conjugation models in the Georgian language.საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული ენა, პოლიფუნქციური -დ, უღვლილება, მორფოსინტაქსური მოდელი.Keywords: Georgian Language, polyfunctional -d, conjugation, morphosyntactic models","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117353232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.54635/tpks.2022.18putk
Jujuna Peikrishvili
The pronoun ‘vin’ (‘who’) is an ancient lexical item. It has neither a complete paradigm of declension nor a category of number; abundance can be expressed by doubling the stem: vin movida? – vin da vin movidnen? (tamari da nino movidnen) (Who came? – Who and who came? (Tamar and Nino came). From the 19th century, the –‘eb’ form of the pronoun ‘vin’ – ‘vinebi’ (‘whos’) emerges in the mountainous dialects of the Georgian language, as “ an attempt to create a plural form’’ of the ‘vin’ pronoun (A. Shanidze). From the following period, ‘vinebi’ (the ‘whos’) spread to other dialects, in general, to the Georgian language, and here and there even in fiction. Today it is especially noticeable in the speech of young people and children. It seems that the media, social network, and other means of communication also contribute to this process. In our opinion, the basis for the emergence and further spread of the ‘vinebi’ can be: 1. The need for formal agreement (apart from the semantic one) of the pronoun ‘vin’ (‘vints’) (who ([the one] who) with the verb and the corresponding word (vin iq’o stumari -vin iq’o stumrebi>vin iq’vnen stumrebi || vin da vin iq’vnen stumrebi || vinebi iq’vnen stumrebi) (Who was the guest – Who was the guests > Who were the guests || Who and who were the guests || Whos were the guests); 2. The analogy of the production of other pronouns formed with the suffix -eb (ra - ra-n-i, ra da ra || raebi. (‘what’) Cf. vin-vin and vin || vinebi (‘who’); also dialect forms: amaebi, magaebi, magnebi, agenebi, eseebi, isebi/isnebi… (these/those); 3. The general regularity of a language involves giving more space to organic production compared to the descriptive one and facilitating the pronunciation, etc. (ra da ra moitkhoves? vin da vin ts’avidnen? Cf. raebi moitkhoves? vinebi ts’avidnen?). (What and what did they demand? Who and who went? Cf. What did they demand? Who left?). The form ‘vinebi’ (‘whos’) which is incorrect for the literary language is a new reality. Its future will probably be determined by the language itself. საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული ენის მორფოლოგია, ნაცვალსახელის წარმოება, ნაცვალსახელის მრავლობითი რიცხვის გამოხატვა. Keywords: Morphology of the Georgian language, pronoun formation, expressing plural in pronouns.
代词“vin”(“谁”)是一个古老的词汇。它既没有一个完整的衰落范式,也没有一个数字范畴;丰度可以通过将茎加倍来表示:vin movida?- vin da vin movidnen?tamari da nino movidnen谁来了?-谁和谁来了?(他玛和尼诺来了)。从19世纪开始,代词“vin”-“vinebi”(“谁”)的-“eb”形式出现在格鲁吉亚语的山区方言中,作为“试图创造一个复数形式”的“vin”代词(a . Shanidze)。从接下来的时期开始,“vinebi”(“谁”)传播到其他方言,一般来说,格鲁吉亚语,甚至在小说中到处都有。今天,这在年轻人和儿童的讲话中尤为明显。媒体、社交网络和其他交流方式似乎也促进了这一过程。在我们看来,“葡萄藤”的出现和进一步传播的基础可能是:1。1 .代词' vin ' (' vints ')(谁([那个人]谁)与动词和相应的词(viniq ' o stumari -vin iq ' o stumrebi>vin iq ' vnen stumrebi ||vin da viniq ' vnen stumrebi ||vinebi iq ' vnen stumrebi)(谁是客人-谁是客人>谁是客人/谁是客人/谁是客人/谁是客人)需要正式的一致(除了语义上的一致);类似于以-eb(ra - ra-n-i, ra da ra || raebi)为后缀的其他代词的产生(' what ') Cf. vin-vin and vin || vinebi (' who ');还有方言形式:amaebi, magaebi, magnebi, agenebi, eseebi, isebi/isnebi…(这些/那些);与描述性语言相比,语言的一般规律包括给有机生产更多的空间,并促进发音等。这是什么?雷比·莫伊霍夫斯?vinebi ts 'avidnen吗?)(他们的要求是什么?谁和谁去了?他们有什么要求?谁离开了?)。对文学语言来说不正确的“vinebi”(“谁”)的形式是一种新的现实。它的未来很可能由语言本身决定。საკვანძოსიტყვები:ქართულიენისმორფოლოგია,ნაცვალსახელისწარმოება,ნაცვალსახელისმრავლობითირიცხვისგამოხატვა。关键词:格鲁吉亚语词法,代词构成,代词的复数表达。
{"title":"Vin nacvalsaxelis mravlobiti ricxvis sakitxisatvis tanamedrove kartulshi /ვინ ნაცვალსახელის მრავლობითი რიცხვის საკითხისათვის თანამედროვე ქართულში [On the Issue of the Plural Form of the Pronoun ‘vin’ (‘who’) in Modern Georgian]","authors":"Jujuna Peikrishvili","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.18putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.18putk","url":null,"abstract":"The pronoun ‘vin’ (‘who’) is an ancient lexical item. It has neither a complete\u0000paradigm of declension nor a category of number; abundance can be expressed by\u0000doubling the stem: vin movida? – vin da vin movidnen? (tamari da nino movidnen)\u0000(Who came? – Who and who came? (Tamar and Nino came).\u0000From the 19th century, the –‘eb’ form of the pronoun ‘vin’ – ‘vinebi’ (‘whos’)\u0000emerges in the mountainous dialects of the Georgian language, as “ an attempt to\u0000create a plural form’’ of the ‘vin’ pronoun (A. Shanidze). From the following period,\u0000‘vinebi’ (the ‘whos’) spread to other dialects, in general, to the Georgian language,\u0000and here and there even in fiction. Today it is especially noticeable in the speech of\u0000young people and children. It seems that the media, social network, and other means\u0000of communication also contribute to this process.\u0000In our opinion, the basis for the emergence and further spread of the ‘vinebi’\u0000can be:\u00001. The need for formal agreement (apart from the semantic one) of the pronoun\u0000‘vin’ (‘vints’) (who ([the one] who) with the verb and the corresponding word (vin\u0000iq’o stumari -vin iq’o stumrebi>vin iq’vnen stumrebi || vin da vin iq’vnen stumrebi ||\u0000vinebi iq’vnen stumrebi) (Who was the guest – Who was the guests > Who were the\u0000guests || Who and who were the guests || Whos were the guests);\u00002. The analogy of the production of other pronouns formed with the suffix -eb\u0000(ra - ra-n-i, ra da ra || raebi. (‘what’) Cf. vin-vin and vin || vinebi (‘who’); also dialect\u0000forms: amaebi, magaebi, magnebi, agenebi, eseebi, isebi/isnebi… (these/those);\u00003. The general regularity of a language involves giving more space to organic\u0000production compared to the descriptive one and facilitating the pronunciation, etc. (ra\u0000da ra moitkhoves? vin da vin ts’avidnen? Cf. raebi moitkhoves? vinebi ts’avidnen?).\u0000(What and what did they demand? Who and who went? Cf. What did they demand?\u0000Who left?).\u0000The form ‘vinebi’ (‘whos’) which is incorrect for the literary language is a new\u0000reality. Its future will probably be determined by the language itself.\u0000საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული ენის მორფოლოგია, ნაცვალსახელის\u0000წარმოება, ნაცვალსახელის მრავლობითი რიცხვის გამოხატვა.\u0000Keywords: Morphology of the Georgian language, pronoun formation, expressing\u0000plural in pronouns.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127470220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}