Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264588
Sunsik Roh, Su-Hyun Kim
An EPON (Ethernet passive optical network), which is progressing to standardization in IEEE 802.3ah, consists of an OLT (optical line termination) and multiple ONUs (optical network units) using passive optical components. This network is susceptible to various security threats, such as eavesdropping, masquerading, denial of service, and so on. We propose a security model and a security protocol to support authentication in an EPON based optical access network. We analyze security threats and security models in the EPON reference model. After considering these models, we propose that an encryption layer is placed at the RS layer. The paper proposes an authentication protocol based on public key exchange and a key establishment protocol. User authentication and ONU authentication are performed separately to give efficient key management and a strong authentication service.
{"title":"Security model and authentication protocol in EPON-based optical access network","authors":"Sunsik Roh, Su-Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264588","url":null,"abstract":"An EPON (Ethernet passive optical network), which is progressing to standardization in IEEE 802.3ah, consists of an OLT (optical line termination) and multiple ONUs (optical network units) using passive optical components. This network is susceptible to various security threats, such as eavesdropping, masquerading, denial of service, and so on. We propose a security model and a security protocol to support authentication in an EPON based optical access network. We analyze security threats and security models in the EPON reference model. After considering these models, we propose that an encryption layer is placed at the RS layer. The paper proposes an authentication protocol based on public key exchange and a key establishment protocol. User authentication and ONU authentication are performed separately to give efficient key management and a strong authentication service.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127691516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264564
Richard M. De La Rue, P. Pottier, H. Chong, I. Ntakis, A. Jugessur, D. McComb, N. Johnson, M. McLachlan, J. Marsh, C. Bryce, Shin Sung Kim, A. Craven, W. Smith
Light channeling and other structures that exploit strong optical confinement are an essential requirement for the realisation of high-density photonic integrated circuits. Strong confinement and controlled feedback are also important for efficient and compact sources for light with various levels of coherence and directionality. The presentation will survey work on various planar photonic crystal and wire device structures realised both in material systems providing strong vertical confinement (e.g. S-o-I) and in systems with weak vertical confinement such as typical epitaxial III-V semiconductor heterostructures. Work towards the combination of a number of elements into a single photonic IC will be highlighted, as will structures which combine photonic crystal and photonic wire features. Planar microcavities for frequency selection will be featured, in particular. We shall also resurvey briefly the technology aspects of fabrication, including electron-beam lithography (EBL), reactive ion etching (RIE), focused ion-beam etching (FIBS) and excimer laser lithography. Finally we shall consider techniques for the growth of self-organised photonic crystals with greater perfection and better controlled orientation.
{"title":"Photonic crystal and photonic wire technology, materials and devices","authors":"Richard M. De La Rue, P. Pottier, H. Chong, I. Ntakis, A. Jugessur, D. McComb, N. Johnson, M. McLachlan, J. Marsh, C. Bryce, Shin Sung Kim, A. Craven, W. Smith","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264564","url":null,"abstract":"Light channeling and other structures that exploit strong optical confinement are an essential requirement for the realisation of high-density photonic integrated circuits. Strong confinement and controlled feedback are also important for efficient and compact sources for light with various levels of coherence and directionality. The presentation will survey work on various planar photonic crystal and wire device structures realised both in material systems providing strong vertical confinement (e.g. S-o-I) and in systems with weak vertical confinement such as typical epitaxial III-V semiconductor heterostructures. Work towards the combination of a number of elements into a single photonic IC will be highlighted, as will structures which combine photonic crystal and photonic wire features. Planar microcavities for frequency selection will be featured, in particular. We shall also resurvey briefly the technology aspects of fabrication, including electron-beam lithography (EBL), reactive ion etching (RIE), focused ion-beam etching (FIBS) and excimer laser lithography. Finally we shall consider techniques for the growth of self-organised photonic crystals with greater perfection and better controlled orientation.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"510 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123424599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263134
T. Kaczmarek
Generation of fundamental soliton in nonlinear optical fiber from chirped pulses of different initial shapes will be discussed. Results of numerical calculations having in view solution of Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation for complex initial condition using Split-Step Fourier Method will be presented. Initial shape-dependent critical value of the chirp parameter will be determined. Critical value is such a value of the chirp parameter at which generation of soliton in optical fiber is impossible.
{"title":"Nonlinear optical fiber: transmission medium of ultrashort chirped pulses","authors":"T. Kaczmarek","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263134","url":null,"abstract":"Generation of fundamental soliton in nonlinear optical fiber from chirped pulses of different initial shapes will be discussed. Results of numerical calculations having in view solution of Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation for complex initial condition using Split-Step Fourier Method will be presented. Initial shape-dependent critical value of the chirp parameter will be determined. Critical value is such a value of the chirp parameter at which generation of soliton in optical fiber is impossible.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121839367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264582
Carmen Mas Machuca, Ioannis Tomkos
Network security has become a very sensitive and important topic for manufacturers and network operators. In opaque optical networks, fault management deals with detection and isolation of faults based on the alarms received from the network components. In WDM networks, faults are difficult to identify due to the huge quantity of alarms generated because of the high number of channels involved in a single fault. In transparent optical networks, where no O/E/O conversion takes place, detecting and isolating faults becomes even more complex, since the optical signal is not regenerated and, therefore, the information reaching the manager is more limited. We define failure management as the prevention of, detection of, and reaction against failures (faults and attacks). Besides faults (accidental interruptions), optical networks can also be subject to attacks (intentional interruptions which can be performed by service disruption or eavesdropping). The paper presents in detail the techniques and methods of fault management. In addition, it covers the challenges associated with failure management in transparent optical networks.
{"title":"Failure detection for secure optical networks","authors":"Carmen Mas Machuca, Ioannis Tomkos","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264582","url":null,"abstract":"Network security has become a very sensitive and important topic for manufacturers and network operators. In opaque optical networks, fault management deals with detection and isolation of faults based on the alarms received from the network components. In WDM networks, faults are difficult to identify due to the huge quantity of alarms generated because of the high number of channels involved in a single fault. In transparent optical networks, where no O/E/O conversion takes place, detecting and isolating faults becomes even more complex, since the optical signal is not regenerated and, therefore, the information reaching the manager is more limited. We define failure management as the prevention of, detection of, and reaction against failures (faults and attacks). Besides faults (accidental interruptions), optical networks can also be subject to attacks (intentional interruptions which can be performed by service disruption or eavesdropping). The paper presents in detail the techniques and methods of fault management. In addition, it covers the challenges associated with failure management in transparent optical networks.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127840358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264612
C. Torres, D. Chigrin, J. Vivas, A. Goldschmidt, S. Zankovych, P. Ferrand, S. Romanov
Summary form only given. Polymer-based photonic crystals have some advantages over their high refractive index counterparts in terms of: out-of-plane losses, low fabrication cost and optical non-linearities. Some of its disadvantages are the stability of the polymers and the unlikely development of a full gap. We present the status of our experimental and or theoretical work on waveguides, resonators and WDM elements, the latter based on ultrarefractive phenomena.
{"title":"Polymer-based photonic crystals","authors":"C. Torres, D. Chigrin, J. Vivas, A. Goldschmidt, S. Zankovych, P. Ferrand, S. Romanov","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264612","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Polymer-based photonic crystals have some advantages over their high refractive index counterparts in terms of: out-of-plane losses, low fabrication cost and optical non-linearities. Some of its disadvantages are the stability of the polymers and the unlikely development of a full gap. We present the status of our experimental and or theoretical work on waveguides, resonators and WDM elements, the latter based on ultrarefractive phenomena.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"124 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115237611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264565
F. Koenderink, W. Vos
Photonic crystals are optical materials that have an intricate structure with length scales of the order of the wavelength of light. The flow of photons is controlled in a manner analogous to how electrons propagate through semiconductor crystals, i.e., by Bragg diffraction and the formation of band structures. If the interaction between light and matter is made strong, multiple diffraction and multiple scattering effects dominate. A main research goal is the realization of a "photonic band gap", that is, a frequency range for which no light can propagate in a crystal in any direction, which causes radical modifications of the density of radiative states. Important consequences of photonic band gaps are the complete control over spontaneous and stimulated emission of light, as well as over the propagation of light, in particular photon localization. This opens up the possibility to achieve a "cage for light": trap photons and do with them whatever one chooses. In this talk we will also review means for making such structures, and recent experimental advances in optical experiments.
{"title":"Optical experiments on 3D photonic crystals","authors":"F. Koenderink, W. Vos","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264565","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic crystals are optical materials that have an intricate structure with length scales of the order of the wavelength of light. The flow of photons is controlled in a manner analogous to how electrons propagate through semiconductor crystals, i.e., by Bragg diffraction and the formation of band structures. If the interaction between light and matter is made strong, multiple diffraction and multiple scattering effects dominate. A main research goal is the realization of a \"photonic band gap\", that is, a frequency range for which no light can propagate in a crystal in any direction, which causes radical modifications of the density of radiative states. Important consequences of photonic band gaps are the complete control over spontaneous and stimulated emission of light, as well as over the propagation of light, in particular photon localization. This opens up the possibility to achieve a \"cage for light\": trap photons and do with them whatever one chooses. In this talk we will also review means for making such structures, and recent experimental advances in optical experiments.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114437412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263177
A Kaszubowska, P. Anandarajah, L. Barry
A radio over fiber distribution system incorporating both SCM and WDM technologies is presented. The SCM signal contains five 155 Mbit/s data channels, centered around 18.5 GHz with 450 MHz spacing. This signal is directly modulated onto three high-speed lasers with emission frequencies spaced by 50 GHz. Bragg filters are employed at the receiver base station in order both to demultiplex the required optical channel, and to ensure that the detected signal is single side band (in order to overcome dispersion limitations on the link). Our results show negligible degradation in system performance for the demultiplexing of the WDM signal compared with the back-to-back performance curves.
{"title":"Development of highly flexible broadband networks incorporating wavelength division multiplexing and sub-carrier division multiplexing in a hybrid radio/fiber distribution system","authors":"A Kaszubowska, P. Anandarajah, L. Barry","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263177","url":null,"abstract":"A radio over fiber distribution system incorporating both SCM and WDM technologies is presented. The SCM signal contains five 155 Mbit/s data channels, centered around 18.5 GHz with 450 MHz spacing. This signal is directly modulated onto three high-speed lasers with emission frequencies spaced by 50 GHz. Bragg filters are employed at the receiver base station in order both to demultiplex the required optical channel, and to ensure that the detected signal is single side band (in order to overcome dispersion limitations on the link). Our results show negligible degradation in system performance for the demultiplexing of the WDM signal compared with the back-to-back performance curves.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130184861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264574
A. Tzanakaki, I. Zacharopoulos, Ioannis Tomkos
WDM optical communication systems are evolving from simple point-to-point links to complex network architectures. In wavelength routed networks switching is performed through optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) and optical cross-connect (OXC) nodes. These nodes provide provisioning capabilities as well as protection and restoration at the optical layer. Routing and management of the traffic demands are applied through the generalised multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) a control plane offering intelligence at the optical layer. A central subject of debate has been the comparison of optical and electrical switching technologies, however transparent solutions offer attractive features associated with reduced unnecessary optoelectronic conversions supporting transparent networks with reduced capital and operational cost. A number of different OADM and OXC architectures based on various technologies have been proposed to date. A detailed discussion on the different architecture and technology choices supporting a variety of features are given and specific design and implementation examples are analysed. The impact of impairments introduced by transparent elements present in the network, such as OADM and/or optical switches, is discussed and optimised solutions introducing low penalties proposed. In addition, the use of novel modulation formats improving the concatenation performance of such elements is covered.
{"title":"Optical add/drop multiplexers and optical cross-connects for wavelength routed networks","authors":"A. Tzanakaki, I. Zacharopoulos, Ioannis Tomkos","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264574","url":null,"abstract":"WDM optical communication systems are evolving from simple point-to-point links to complex network architectures. In wavelength routed networks switching is performed through optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) and optical cross-connect (OXC) nodes. These nodes provide provisioning capabilities as well as protection and restoration at the optical layer. Routing and management of the traffic demands are applied through the generalised multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) a control plane offering intelligence at the optical layer. A central subject of debate has been the comparison of optical and electrical switching technologies, however transparent solutions offer attractive features associated with reduced unnecessary optoelectronic conversions supporting transparent networks with reduced capital and operational cost. A number of different OADM and OXC architectures based on various technologies have been proposed to date. A detailed discussion on the different architecture and technology choices supporting a variety of features are given and specific design and implementation examples are analysed. The impact of impairments introduced by transparent elements present in the network, such as OADM and/or optical switches, is discussed and optimised solutions introducing low penalties proposed. In addition, the use of novel modulation formats improving the concatenation performance of such elements is covered.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128475158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263164
L. Smoczyński, A. Gallo, M. Marciniak
The COST Action 273, "Towards Mobile Broadband Multimedia Networks", is a framework of research efforts at the European level in the mobile broadband area. The paper overviews topics in the framework of the action proposed for investigation in joint research at the National Institute of Telecommunications in Warsaw and the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.
{"title":"COST Action 273 at the National Institute of Telecommunications","authors":"L. Smoczyński, A. Gallo, M. Marciniak","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263164","url":null,"abstract":"The COST Action 273, \"Towards Mobile Broadband Multimedia Networks\", is a framework of research efforts at the European level in the mobile broadband area. The paper overviews topics in the framework of the action proposed for investigation in joint research at the National Institute of Telecommunications in Warsaw and the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129393683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264652
A. Orłowski, M. Rusek
A novel self-consistent approach to spontaneous emission of excited atoms placed in a viscinity of photonic crystals is elaborated. It is based on the leaky modes formalism first developed in quantum electrodynamics of imperfect cavities. A new way of estimating the density of states within and outside the (nonideal) photonic crystals is presented.
{"title":"Leaky modes approach to quantum effects in photonic crystals","authors":"A. Orłowski, M. Rusek","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264652","url":null,"abstract":"A novel self-consistent approach to spontaneous emission of excited atoms placed in a viscinity of photonic crystals is elaborated. It is based on the leaky modes formalism first developed in quantum electrodynamics of imperfect cavities. A new way of estimating the density of states within and outside the (nonideal) photonic crystals is presented.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122074801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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