Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264605
M. Lackovic, C. Bungarzeanu
All-optical packet switching has been intensively investigated in recent years as an alternative to static, crossconnect based networks. Several switch architectures have been proposed, all of them using buffers made of fibre delay lines. The paper addresses the basic concepts of packet switching in the optical domain and describes an analytical approach to evaluate the end-to-end performance of networks employing slotted (fixed length) optical packets. Thus, for a given topology and traffic matrix, the end-to-end cell loss ratio is computed assuming an uncorrelated traffic. A network dimensioning procedure relying on this approach is also presented.
{"title":"Performance analysis of packet switched all-optical networks","authors":"M. Lackovic, C. Bungarzeanu","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264605","url":null,"abstract":"All-optical packet switching has been intensively investigated in recent years as an alternative to static, crossconnect based networks. Several switch architectures have been proposed, all of them using buffers made of fibre delay lines. The paper addresses the basic concepts of packet switching in the optical domain and describes an analytical approach to evaluate the end-to-end performance of networks employing slotted (fixed length) optical packets. Thus, for a given topology and traffic matrix, the end-to-end cell loss ratio is computed assuming an uncorrelated traffic. A network dimensioning procedure relying on this approach is also presented.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129394973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264623
R. Caspary, U.B. Unrau, W. Kowalsky
The internet boom in the 1990's led to an exponential increase of the bandwidth demands on optical long-haul transmission links and the introduction of WDM and DWDM systems. However, the gain bandwidth of usual fiber amplifiers is limited to a maximum of 80 nm in the C- and L-band. Todays optical senders and receivers are limited to a spectral efficiency of not more than 1 bit/s/Hz which results in a total capacity of about 10 Tbit/s in the C- and L-bands. Meanwhile the crash of the telecom market damped the bandwidth growth somewhat, but it is still an important task to work on solutions for transmission systems at extremely high bitrates beyond 10 Tbit/s. One of these solutions is the use of larger parts of the low attenuation window of the transmission fibers. It seems to be consensus that the first step towards this direction will be the S- and S/sup +/-band at 1450-1530 nm. Here we will give an overview of the current status and new developments in the field of S-band fiber amplifier technologies. As usual, the term S-band will be used for Sand S/sup +/-band in this work.
{"title":"Recent progress on S-band fiber amplifiers","authors":"R. Caspary, U.B. Unrau, W. Kowalsky","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264623","url":null,"abstract":"The internet boom in the 1990's led to an exponential increase of the bandwidth demands on optical long-haul transmission links and the introduction of WDM and DWDM systems. However, the gain bandwidth of usual fiber amplifiers is limited to a maximum of 80 nm in the C- and L-band. Todays optical senders and receivers are limited to a spectral efficiency of not more than 1 bit/s/Hz which results in a total capacity of about 10 Tbit/s in the C- and L-bands. Meanwhile the crash of the telecom market damped the bandwidth growth somewhat, but it is still an important task to work on solutions for transmission systems at extremely high bitrates beyond 10 Tbit/s. One of these solutions is the use of larger parts of the low attenuation window of the transmission fibers. It seems to be consensus that the first step towards this direction will be the S- and S/sup +/-band at 1450-1530 nm. Here we will give an overview of the current status and new developments in the field of S-band fiber amplifier technologies. As usual, the term S-band will be used for Sand S/sup +/-band in this work.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123915454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263164
L. Smoczyński, A. Gallo, M. Marciniak
The COST Action 273, "Towards Mobile Broadband Multimedia Networks", is a framework of research efforts at the European level in the mobile broadband area. The paper overviews topics in the framework of the action proposed for investigation in joint research at the National Institute of Telecommunications in Warsaw and the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.
{"title":"COST Action 273 at the National Institute of Telecommunications","authors":"L. Smoczyński, A. Gallo, M. Marciniak","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263164","url":null,"abstract":"The COST Action 273, \"Towards Mobile Broadband Multimedia Networks\", is a framework of research efforts at the European level in the mobile broadband area. The paper overviews topics in the framework of the action proposed for investigation in joint research at the National Institute of Telecommunications in Warsaw and the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129393683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264574
A. Tzanakaki, I. Zacharopoulos, Ioannis Tomkos
WDM optical communication systems are evolving from simple point-to-point links to complex network architectures. In wavelength routed networks switching is performed through optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) and optical cross-connect (OXC) nodes. These nodes provide provisioning capabilities as well as protection and restoration at the optical layer. Routing and management of the traffic demands are applied through the generalised multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) a control plane offering intelligence at the optical layer. A central subject of debate has been the comparison of optical and electrical switching technologies, however transparent solutions offer attractive features associated with reduced unnecessary optoelectronic conversions supporting transparent networks with reduced capital and operational cost. A number of different OADM and OXC architectures based on various technologies have been proposed to date. A detailed discussion on the different architecture and technology choices supporting a variety of features are given and specific design and implementation examples are analysed. The impact of impairments introduced by transparent elements present in the network, such as OADM and/or optical switches, is discussed and optimised solutions introducing low penalties proposed. In addition, the use of novel modulation formats improving the concatenation performance of such elements is covered.
{"title":"Optical add/drop multiplexers and optical cross-connects for wavelength routed networks","authors":"A. Tzanakaki, I. Zacharopoulos, Ioannis Tomkos","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264574","url":null,"abstract":"WDM optical communication systems are evolving from simple point-to-point links to complex network architectures. In wavelength routed networks switching is performed through optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) and optical cross-connect (OXC) nodes. These nodes provide provisioning capabilities as well as protection and restoration at the optical layer. Routing and management of the traffic demands are applied through the generalised multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) a control plane offering intelligence at the optical layer. A central subject of debate has been the comparison of optical and electrical switching technologies, however transparent solutions offer attractive features associated with reduced unnecessary optoelectronic conversions supporting transparent networks with reduced capital and operational cost. A number of different OADM and OXC architectures based on various technologies have been proposed to date. A detailed discussion on the different architecture and technology choices supporting a variety of features are given and specific design and implementation examples are analysed. The impact of impairments introduced by transparent elements present in the network, such as OADM and/or optical switches, is discussed and optimised solutions introducing low penalties proposed. In addition, the use of novel modulation formats improving the concatenation performance of such elements is covered.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128475158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264618
E. Bekker, T. Benson, P. Sewell, L. Melnikov
An extension of localized function method is described. This enables the influence of the shapes of holes on the dispersion and polarization characteristics of the eigen-modes of holey fibres to be considered. It is demonstrated that the effect of hole shape on these characteristic parameters increases with angle sharpness and air fraction. Furthermore elongated holes can be used to control birefringence.
{"title":"Influence of hole shape on the modal characteristics of holey fibres","authors":"E. Bekker, T. Benson, P. Sewell, L. Melnikov","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264618","url":null,"abstract":"An extension of localized function method is described. This enables the influence of the shapes of holes on the dispersion and polarization characteristics of the eigen-modes of holey fibres to be considered. It is demonstrated that the effect of hole shape on these characteristic parameters increases with angle sharpness and air fraction. Furthermore elongated holes can be used to control birefringence.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117319765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264564
Richard M. De La Rue, P. Pottier, H. Chong, I. Ntakis, A. Jugessur, D. McComb, N. Johnson, M. McLachlan, J. Marsh, C. Bryce, Shin Sung Kim, A. Craven, W. Smith
Light channeling and other structures that exploit strong optical confinement are an essential requirement for the realisation of high-density photonic integrated circuits. Strong confinement and controlled feedback are also important for efficient and compact sources for light with various levels of coherence and directionality. The presentation will survey work on various planar photonic crystal and wire device structures realised both in material systems providing strong vertical confinement (e.g. S-o-I) and in systems with weak vertical confinement such as typical epitaxial III-V semiconductor heterostructures. Work towards the combination of a number of elements into a single photonic IC will be highlighted, as will structures which combine photonic crystal and photonic wire features. Planar microcavities for frequency selection will be featured, in particular. We shall also resurvey briefly the technology aspects of fabrication, including electron-beam lithography (EBL), reactive ion etching (RIE), focused ion-beam etching (FIBS) and excimer laser lithography. Finally we shall consider techniques for the growth of self-organised photonic crystals with greater perfection and better controlled orientation.
{"title":"Photonic crystal and photonic wire technology, materials and devices","authors":"Richard M. De La Rue, P. Pottier, H. Chong, I. Ntakis, A. Jugessur, D. McComb, N. Johnson, M. McLachlan, J. Marsh, C. Bryce, Shin Sung Kim, A. Craven, W. Smith","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264564","url":null,"abstract":"Light channeling and other structures that exploit strong optical confinement are an essential requirement for the realisation of high-density photonic integrated circuits. Strong confinement and controlled feedback are also important for efficient and compact sources for light with various levels of coherence and directionality. The presentation will survey work on various planar photonic crystal and wire device structures realised both in material systems providing strong vertical confinement (e.g. S-o-I) and in systems with weak vertical confinement such as typical epitaxial III-V semiconductor heterostructures. Work towards the combination of a number of elements into a single photonic IC will be highlighted, as will structures which combine photonic crystal and photonic wire features. Planar microcavities for frequency selection will be featured, in particular. We shall also resurvey briefly the technology aspects of fabrication, including electron-beam lithography (EBL), reactive ion etching (RIE), focused ion-beam etching (FIBS) and excimer laser lithography. Finally we shall consider techniques for the growth of self-organised photonic crystals with greater perfection and better controlled orientation.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"510 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123424599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263134
T. Kaczmarek
Generation of fundamental soliton in nonlinear optical fiber from chirped pulses of different initial shapes will be discussed. Results of numerical calculations having in view solution of Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation for complex initial condition using Split-Step Fourier Method will be presented. Initial shape-dependent critical value of the chirp parameter will be determined. Critical value is such a value of the chirp parameter at which generation of soliton in optical fiber is impossible.
{"title":"Nonlinear optical fiber: transmission medium of ultrashort chirped pulses","authors":"T. Kaczmarek","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1263134","url":null,"abstract":"Generation of fundamental soliton in nonlinear optical fiber from chirped pulses of different initial shapes will be discussed. Results of numerical calculations having in view solution of Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation for complex initial condition using Split-Step Fourier Method will be presented. Initial shape-dependent critical value of the chirp parameter will be determined. Critical value is such a value of the chirp parameter at which generation of soliton in optical fiber is impossible.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121839367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264565
F. Koenderink, W. Vos
Photonic crystals are optical materials that have an intricate structure with length scales of the order of the wavelength of light. The flow of photons is controlled in a manner analogous to how electrons propagate through semiconductor crystals, i.e., by Bragg diffraction and the formation of band structures. If the interaction between light and matter is made strong, multiple diffraction and multiple scattering effects dominate. A main research goal is the realization of a "photonic band gap", that is, a frequency range for which no light can propagate in a crystal in any direction, which causes radical modifications of the density of radiative states. Important consequences of photonic band gaps are the complete control over spontaneous and stimulated emission of light, as well as over the propagation of light, in particular photon localization. This opens up the possibility to achieve a "cage for light": trap photons and do with them whatever one chooses. In this talk we will also review means for making such structures, and recent experimental advances in optical experiments.
{"title":"Optical experiments on 3D photonic crystals","authors":"F. Koenderink, W. Vos","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264565","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic crystals are optical materials that have an intricate structure with length scales of the order of the wavelength of light. The flow of photons is controlled in a manner analogous to how electrons propagate through semiconductor crystals, i.e., by Bragg diffraction and the formation of band structures. If the interaction between light and matter is made strong, multiple diffraction and multiple scattering effects dominate. A main research goal is the realization of a \"photonic band gap\", that is, a frequency range for which no light can propagate in a crystal in any direction, which causes radical modifications of the density of radiative states. Important consequences of photonic band gaps are the complete control over spontaneous and stimulated emission of light, as well as over the propagation of light, in particular photon localization. This opens up the possibility to achieve a \"cage for light\": trap photons and do with them whatever one chooses. In this talk we will also review means for making such structures, and recent experimental advances in optical experiments.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114437412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264624
Y. Morozov, I. Nefedov, V. Aleshkin
The model of laser making use of GaAs/AlGaAs structure lattice nonlinearity for mid-infrared emission is proposed. Here, two-frequency near-infrared simultaneous oscillations are mixed in vertical-cavity surface-emitting device. The power of mid-infrared emission at wavelength about 10 /spl mu/m is shown to be 0.1-1 /spl mu/W in continuous wave operation.
{"title":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser for mid-infrared generation","authors":"Y. Morozov, I. Nefedov, V. Aleshkin","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264624","url":null,"abstract":"The model of laser making use of GaAs/AlGaAs structure lattice nonlinearity for mid-infrared emission is proposed. Here, two-frequency near-infrared simultaneous oscillations are mixed in vertical-cavity surface-emitting device. The power of mid-infrared emission at wavelength about 10 /spl mu/m is shown to be 0.1-1 /spl mu/W in continuous wave operation.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116915533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-29DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264612
C. Torres, D. Chigrin, J. Vivas, A. Goldschmidt, S. Zankovych, P. Ferrand, S. Romanov
Summary form only given. Polymer-based photonic crystals have some advantages over their high refractive index counterparts in terms of: out-of-plane losses, low fabrication cost and optical non-linearities. Some of its disadvantages are the stability of the polymers and the unlikely development of a full gap. We present the status of our experimental and or theoretical work on waveguides, resonators and WDM elements, the latter based on ultrarefractive phenomena.
{"title":"Polymer-based photonic crystals","authors":"C. Torres, D. Chigrin, J. Vivas, A. Goldschmidt, S. Zankovych, P. Ferrand, S. Romanov","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2003.1264612","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Polymer-based photonic crystals have some advantages over their high refractive index counterparts in terms of: out-of-plane losses, low fabrication cost and optical non-linearities. Some of its disadvantages are the stability of the polymers and the unlikely development of a full gap. We present the status of our experimental and or theoretical work on waveguides, resonators and WDM elements, the latter based on ultrarefractive phenomena.","PeriodicalId":272700,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2003 5th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, 2003.","volume":"124 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115237611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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