Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88245
L. Fiorella, F. Guglielmo, S. Lentini, M. Grossoni
A medium-power (800 A, 48/60 V) power plant for the continuous supply of telephone exchanges has been designed and constructed. Besides great versatility, this power plant features advanced ideas in its diagnostics and for setting the various control intervention thresholds. Particular attention is drawn to the use of a microprocessor device for power-plant management and for processing and to the presentation of all the data the operator needs for proper diagnosis of plant operation. A communications interface is integrated into the microprocessor device to allow connection to the supervision and control network.<>
为电话交换机的持续供电设计和建造了一个中等功率(800 A, 48/60 V)发电厂。除了多功能性外，该电厂在诊断和设置各种控制干预阈值方面具有先进的思想。应特别注意使用微处理机设备进行电厂管理和处理，以及提供操作员正确诊断电厂运行所需的所有数据。微处理器设备中集成了通信接口，可以连接到监控网络。
{"title":"Microprocessor controlled medium-power power plant","authors":"L. Fiorella, F. Guglielmo, S. Lentini, M. Grossoni","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88245","url":null,"abstract":"A medium-power (800 A, 48/60 V) power plant for the continuous supply of telephone exchanges has been designed and constructed. Besides great versatility, this power plant features advanced ideas in its diagnostics and for setting the various control intervention thresholds. Particular attention is drawn to the use of a microprocessor device for power-plant management and for processing and to the presentation of all the data the operator needs for proper diagnosis of plant operation. A communications interface is integrated into the microprocessor device to allow connection to the supervision and control network.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1998 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123551437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88303
S. Delfiore, G. Franceschini, C. Tassoni
The possibility is studied of UPS (uninterruptible power supply) control based on the voltage vector referred to a rotating reference frame with velocity corresponding to voltage pulsation and on voltage pulsation itself. To verify the feasibility of the control strategy, a digital SPICE-aided simulation is reported. The numerical results show that, with an asymmetrical load, a pulsation ripple is present owing to the nonsinusoidal voltage waveforms. Nevertheless, the computer harmonic distortion values are acceptable.<>
{"title":"SPICE aided analysis of UPS vector control","authors":"S. Delfiore, G. Franceschini, C. Tassoni","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88303","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility is studied of UPS (uninterruptible power supply) control based on the voltage vector referred to a rotating reference frame with velocity corresponding to voltage pulsation and on voltage pulsation itself. To verify the feasibility of the control strategy, a digital SPICE-aided simulation is reported. The numerical results show that, with an asymmetrical load, a pulsation ripple is present owing to the nonsinusoidal voltage waveforms. Nevertheless, the computer harmonic distortion values are acceptable.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131754009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88332
L. Barone, N. Brusca, C. Di Miceli, G. Patti, M. Grossoni
The authors describe a continuous supply unit using 40 kVA PWM (pulse-width modulation) inverters, which has been designed to provide variable output power, up to 200 kVA, for the processing systems in telecommunication networks. The system configuration includes at least one and up to 5+1 parallel rectifiers, at least one and up to 5+1 parallel inverters, battery, DC power switchboard system, and AC continuity switchboard. Two important characteristics of the system-in addition to its high reliability, maintainability, operability, and excellent dynamic and static performances-are its capacity for extension without interruption to the user supply, and the presence of a safety device that prevents return of power towards the emergency network in the event of failure.<>
{"title":"200 kVA continuous three-phase supply system","authors":"L. Barone, N. Brusca, C. Di Miceli, G. Patti, M. Grossoni","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88332","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe a continuous supply unit using 40 kVA PWM (pulse-width modulation) inverters, which has been designed to provide variable output power, up to 200 kVA, for the processing systems in telecommunication networks. The system configuration includes at least one and up to 5+1 parallel rectifiers, at least one and up to 5+1 parallel inverters, battery, DC power switchboard system, and AC continuity switchboard. Two important characteristics of the system-in addition to its high reliability, maintainability, operability, and excellent dynamic and static performances-are its capacity for extension without interruption to the user supply, and the presence of a safety device that prevents return of power towards the emergency network in the event of failure.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"305 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131445402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88271
J. Perho, N. Hoglund, P. Taskinen
Fault connections and leakages often occur in the TN-S partly due to the network itself and partly due to defective devices. These faults do not cause disturbances in the energy supply but do cause other disturbing influences, e.g. large potential differences between distinct equipment earths, electromagnetic disturbances, and the possibility that high-frequency disturbance voltages in the neutral conductor may penetrate into the protective earthing. By the continuous supervision of the TN-S network the disturbances mentioned before can be eliminated and a fault connection or a faulty device located easily. For the continuous supervision of the TN-S network, several supervising devices have been developed, which use sum current transformers. Good results have been achieved by the correct placement of the supervising devices and a detailed analysis of the network.<>
{"title":"AC network as a TN-S system and its supervising","authors":"J. Perho, N. Hoglund, P. Taskinen","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88271","url":null,"abstract":"Fault connections and leakages often occur in the TN-S partly due to the network itself and partly due to defective devices. These faults do not cause disturbances in the energy supply but do cause other disturbing influences, e.g. large potential differences between distinct equipment earths, electromagnetic disturbances, and the possibility that high-frequency disturbance voltages in the neutral conductor may penetrate into the protective earthing. By the continuous supervision of the TN-S network the disturbances mentioned before can be eliminated and a fault connection or a faulty device located easily. For the continuous supervision of the TN-S network, several supervising devices have been developed, which use sum current transformers. Good results have been achieved by the correct placement of the supervising devices and a detailed analysis of the network.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123168684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88348
L. Bjorkqvist, T. Lavi
When new digital telephone exchanges are installed in old telecommunications buildings, many different problems arise regarding the DC power supply of the new exchanges. The authors describe technical and economic considerations necessary to achieve optimal solutions. Based on a comparison between the use of adaptation systems and a modern power supply system, it is concluded that there are considerable benefits from the use of modern power supply systems together with modern electronic telephone exchanges, and that this solution should therefore be thoroughly considered. In general, the choice is made to replace old electromechanical telephone exchanges, it is advisable to replace the old power supply system as well. In connection with this, it is also important to consider overall operational economy, such as spare parts routines, maintenance, recruiting personnel, and energy costs.<>
{"title":"Modern digital exchanges in old telecom power environment","authors":"L. Bjorkqvist, T. Lavi","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88348","url":null,"abstract":"When new digital telephone exchanges are installed in old telecommunications buildings, many different problems arise regarding the DC power supply of the new exchanges. The authors describe technical and economic considerations necessary to achieve optimal solutions. Based on a comparison between the use of adaptation systems and a modern power supply system, it is concluded that there are considerable benefits from the use of modern power supply systems together with modern electronic telephone exchanges, and that this solution should therefore be thoroughly considered. In general, the choice is made to replace old electromechanical telephone exchanges, it is advisable to replace the old power supply system as well. In connection with this, it is also important to consider overall operational economy, such as spare parts routines, maintenance, recruiting personnel, and energy costs.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122164545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88326
A. Ascoli
As part of a wide on-site fuel-cell generator demonstration, 40 kW fuel cell systems were installed in 49 installations, including a telephone central office building in Connecticut. The authors describe the Connecticut installation and summarize the results of the demonstration project. The average operating time of the power plants was 6500 hours. One-third of the plants exceeding 8000 hours of operation, with the longest running unit operating for over 11000 hours. Total operating experience exceeded 300000 hours. Overall and electrical efficiencies were outstandingly stable over 8000 hours of operation with electrical at (40+or-1)% and overall at (70+or-10)%, with no visible performance degradation. This field test successfully demonstrated the features of utilities to host, operate, and maintain the equipment. High efficiency, low environmental impact quick load-variation response, performance stability, and suitability to power telephone switching equipment were demonstrated.<>
{"title":"Fuel cell generator for telephone switching equipment","authors":"A. Ascoli","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88326","url":null,"abstract":"As part of a wide on-site fuel-cell generator demonstration, 40 kW fuel cell systems were installed in 49 installations, including a telephone central office building in Connecticut. The authors describe the Connecticut installation and summarize the results of the demonstration project. The average operating time of the power plants was 6500 hours. One-third of the plants exceeding 8000 hours of operation, with the longest running unit operating for over 11000 hours. Total operating experience exceeded 300000 hours. Overall and electrical efficiencies were outstandingly stable over 8000 hours of operation with electrical at (40+or-1)% and overall at (70+or-10)%, with no visible performance degradation. This field test successfully demonstrated the features of utilities to host, operate, and maintain the equipment. High efficiency, low environmental impact quick load-variation response, performance stability, and suitability to power telephone switching equipment were demonstrated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125121011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88270
U. Roth
The principle of operation, design, and implementation of a modular intelligent system controller (ISC) are described. The ISC is characterized by high reliability, software and hardware modularity, and a menu-driven system control. A system of the type considered (the PSC-2000) is used in more than 40 power systems in Switzerland and the experience gained to date has been extremely encouraging.<>
{"title":"A programmable mu P controller for modular telecommunications power systems","authors":"U. Roth","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88270","url":null,"abstract":"The principle of operation, design, and implementation of a modular intelligent system controller (ISC) are described. The ISC is characterized by high reliability, software and hardware modularity, and a menu-driven system control. A system of the type considered (the PSC-2000) is used in more than 40 power systems in Switzerland and the experience gained to date has been extremely encouraging.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115862129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88325
A. Ascoli, R. Vellone
The authors review the reasons for the initial slow historical development of fuel cells and the present accelerated development and compare the features of fuel cells and conventional electrical generators. They examine the state-of-the-art throughout the world and briefly outline the European (and particularly the Italian) R&D programs in this field. The application prospects of this technology are also briefly reviewed.<>
{"title":"Fuel cells-state of the art and perspectives","authors":"A. Ascoli, R. Vellone","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88325","url":null,"abstract":"The authors review the reasons for the initial slow historical development of fuel cells and the present accelerated development and compare the features of fuel cells and conventional electrical generators. They examine the state-of-the-art throughout the world and briefly outline the European (and particularly the Italian) R&D programs in this field. The application prospects of this technology are also briefly reviewed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126897706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88286
W. Brecht, D. Feder, J. McAndrews, A. J. Williamson
The authors discuss results of room-temperature tests at lowered float potentials on cell and battery float characteristics. Also, they describe performance results and quantify improvements achieved in actual battery reserve time, resulting from the introduction of an additional cell into an existing -48 V DC telecommunication battery plant in a working telephone central office. Finally, they discuss the significant capacity (and hence economic) benefits resulting from the introduction of an additional cell into existing telephone battery strings (24 cells per string), without significant change in overall power plant float voltages. It is shown that battery life can be enhanced as much as 25% using low-float technology, and the capacity of a 24-cell battery string can be increased up to 25% by the addition of a 25th cell.<>
{"title":"Trial results, performance and economic benefits of lowered cell float potential in a working central office environment","authors":"W. Brecht, D. Feder, J. McAndrews, A. J. Williamson","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88286","url":null,"abstract":"The authors discuss results of room-temperature tests at lowered float potentials on cell and battery float characteristics. Also, they describe performance results and quantify improvements achieved in actual battery reserve time, resulting from the introduction of an additional cell into an existing -48 V DC telecommunication battery plant in a working telephone central office. Finally, they discuss the significant capacity (and hence economic) benefits resulting from the introduction of an additional cell into existing telephone battery strings (24 cells per string), without significant change in overall power plant float voltages. It is shown that battery life can be enhanced as much as 25% using low-float technology, and the capacity of a 24-cell battery string can be increased up to 25% by the addition of a 25th cell.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125839631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-15DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88353
D. Heinemann, J. Luther, W. Wiesner
The authors report on simulation calculations carried out to determine the system configuration of an autonomous renewable power supply for a remote ecological station monitoring concentrations of O/sub 3/ and NO/sub 2/. The system has a mean electric load of 100-120 W, is powered by photovoltaics and a wind-energy converter, and includes a Pb-battery storage. No backup energy source is used. The same system design should be valid for telecommunication stations having a power demand in the same range. Although the given site is characterized by a rather poor wind climate (v/sub 10m/=3.7 m/s), the utilization of two to-some-extent complementary energy sources leads to a considerable saving in hardware investments. the levelling of the energy production is beneficial for the system's battery. Only 30-35% of the load is supplied by the battery, thus yielding a low effective cycling rate which extends the lifetime of the battery. Load management strategies may improve the matching of load profile and renewable energy production considerably. Reductions in system hardware up to a factor of 2 (depending on the applied strategy) are possible.<>
{"title":"Design of a solar/wind power supply for a remote data acquisition station","authors":"D. Heinemann, J. Luther, W. Wiesner","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.1989.88353","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report on simulation calculations carried out to determine the system configuration of an autonomous renewable power supply for a remote ecological station monitoring concentrations of O/sub 3/ and NO/sub 2/. The system has a mean electric load of 100-120 W, is powered by photovoltaics and a wind-energy converter, and includes a Pb-battery storage. No backup energy source is used. The same system design should be valid for telecommunication stations having a power demand in the same range. Although the given site is characterized by a rather poor wind climate (v/sub 10m/=3.7 m/s), the utilization of two to-some-extent complementary energy sources leads to a considerable saving in hardware investments. the levelling of the energy production is beneficial for the system's battery. Only 30-35% of the load is supplied by the battery, thus yielding a low effective cycling rate which extends the lifetime of the battery. Load management strategies may improve the matching of load profile and renewable energy production considerably. Reductions in system hardware up to a factor of 2 (depending on the applied strategy) are possible.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":272740,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129087470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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