This study investigated factors affecting use of computer statistical applications among undergraduate students of Economics in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. The study was concerned with determining the relationship between predictor variables (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions) and use of statistical applications. 400 students were drawn by stratified random sampling technique from the population of 808 regular students in the Department of Economics. Instrument used for the collection of data was a survey questionnaire adapted and modified from the work of Abdulwahab & Dahalin (2010). Linear regression technique was used to establish the relationship between the dependent and independent variables at 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that performance and effort expectancy have no significant relationship with students’ statistical application usage (p>0.05) while social influence and facilitating conditions are significantly related with students’ use of the applications (p<0.05). R-square (R 2 ) was 0.76 depicting that 76.0% change in students’ use of computer statistical applications was determined by the predictors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions). It was recommended for the faculty to create a social forum where students can meet to share knowledge on data analysis and computer statistical application usage. Keywords: Statistical Applications, Performance expectancy, Effort expectancy, Social influence, facilitating conditions
{"title":"Factors affecting use of computer statistical applications among undergraduate students of economics in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma","authors":"N. T. Akinlosotu","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V5I2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V5I2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated factors affecting use of computer statistical applications among undergraduate students of Economics in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. The study was concerned with determining the relationship between predictor variables (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions) and use of statistical applications. 400 students were drawn by stratified random sampling technique from the population of 808 regular students in the Department of Economics. Instrument used for the collection of data was a survey questionnaire adapted and modified from the work of Abdulwahab & Dahalin (2010). Linear regression technique was used to establish the relationship between the dependent and independent variables at 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that performance and effort expectancy have no significant relationship with students’ statistical application usage (p>0.05) while social influence and facilitating conditions are significantly related with students’ use of the applications (p<0.05). R-square (R 2 ) was 0.76 depicting that 76.0% change in students’ use of computer statistical applications was determined by the predictors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions). It was recommended for the faculty to create a social forum where students can meet to share knowledge on data analysis and computer statistical application usage. Keywords: Statistical Applications, Performance expectancy, Effort expectancy, Social influence, facilitating conditions","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"18 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116581217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease that has social, economic, and political implications in Nigeria. It affects young people who are at their most productive age, thereby affecting the economic productivity of the nation. In order to achieve the objective of reducing the epidemic, the information vacuum about the disease that exists among PLWHA needs to be investigated and subsequently bridged. Survey research method was used to undertake this study and a self-administered questionnaire was used for collecting data. The study showed that the PLWHA share different type of information which include health information and social information using various methods such as journals, magazines, AIDS newsletters and the internet, Physicians, friends, various agencies and groups helped to facilitate information sharing among the respondents. Lack of computer literacy and internet access were among the factors that militated against information sharing among the respondents. The PLWHA in Kano State should be encouraged to make a maximum utilization of pamphlets, AIDS newsletters, and the internet because these items contain vital information including recent and up to date knowledge on HIV/AIDS, and modalities for its treatment and control.
{"title":"Information needs of people living with HIV/AIDS in Kano State, Northern Nigeria","authors":"F. S. Stores, U. Gama, J. Tukur","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V5I2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V5I2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease that has social, economic, and political implications in Nigeria. It affects young people who are at their most productive age, thereby affecting the economic productivity of the nation. In order to achieve the objective of reducing the epidemic, the information vacuum about the disease that exists among PLWHA needs to be investigated and subsequently bridged. Survey research method was used to undertake this study and a self-administered questionnaire was used for collecting data. The study showed that the PLWHA share different type of information which include health information and social information using various methods such as journals, magazines, AIDS newsletters and the internet, Physicians, friends, various agencies and groups helped to facilitate information sharing among the respondents. Lack of computer literacy and internet access were among the factors that militated against information sharing among the respondents. The PLWHA in Kano State should be encouraged to make a maximum utilization of pamphlets, AIDS newsletters, and the internet because these items contain vital information including recent and up to date knowledge on HIV/AIDS, and modalities for its treatment and control.","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121555036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. O. Olatade, O. O. Olugbire, A. A. Adepoju, F. Aremu, P. Oyedele
Adoption of new technology, especially as it relates to agricultural production has been considered to play an important role in improving food security in developing countries which Nigeria is one. Crop farmers, especially those that cultivate cassava often record high productivity but with increase in deficiencies of essential nutrients such as zinc, vitamin A, Iron among others, causing malnutrition and consequently, poor health of individuals. This study examined perception and determinants of rural farmers’ willingness to adopt biofortified ‘yellow’ cassava in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data employed in the study were obtained from 120 respondents which were selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Analysis of the socio-economic characteristics showed that the mean age of household heads in the area was 46.06±15.58 years while almost all the farmers had up to 17years of farming experience and above. With respect to the level awareness of biofortified cassava, almost all the respondents were aware of the biofortified cassava. Logit Regression Model result revealed that farmers’ willingness to adopt biofortified cassava in the study area was influenced mainly by gender, source of inputs, marital status, access to extension officer and membership of farmer organization. However, the constraints faced by the respondents reported were: the risks in adoption, access to credit and access to market while the least severe constraints were size of farm, access to information, tradition and extension officer. The study recommends that existing programmes that disburse agricultural input should be increased in the rural areas since the study found source of input to affect the adoption of biofortified cassava. This could be done by including the biofortified cassava stem in the inputs disbursed through the e-wallet agricultural policy. Keywords: Biofortified cassava; perception; willingness to adopt and logit model
{"title":"How does farmers’ characteristics affect their willingness to adopt agricultural innovation? The case of Biofortified Cassava in Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"K. O. Olatade, O. O. Olugbire, A. A. Adepoju, F. Aremu, P. Oyedele","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V5I2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V5I2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption of new technology, especially as it relates to agricultural production has been considered to play an important role in improving food security in developing countries which Nigeria is one. Crop farmers, especially those that cultivate cassava often record high productivity but with increase in deficiencies of essential nutrients such as zinc, vitamin A, Iron among others, causing malnutrition and consequently, poor health of individuals. This study examined perception and determinants of rural farmers’ willingness to adopt biofortified ‘yellow’ cassava in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data employed in the study were obtained from 120 respondents which were selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Analysis of the socio-economic characteristics showed that the mean age of household heads in the area was 46.06±15.58 years while almost all the farmers had up to 17years of farming experience and above. With respect to the level awareness of biofortified cassava, almost all the respondents were aware of the biofortified cassava. Logit Regression Model result revealed that farmers’ willingness to adopt biofortified cassava in the study area was influenced mainly by gender, source of inputs, marital status, access to extension officer and membership of farmer organization. However, the constraints faced by the respondents reported were: the risks in adoption, access to credit and access to market while the least severe constraints were size of farm, access to information, tradition and extension officer. The study recommends that existing programmes that disburse agricultural input should be increased in the rural areas since the study found source of input to affect the adoption of biofortified cassava. This could be done by including the biofortified cassava stem in the inputs disbursed through the e-wallet agricultural policy. Keywords: Biofortified cassava; perception; willingness to adopt and logit model","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129662173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over reliance on the perspective of a dichotomous reject or fail-to-reject outcome from a null hypothesis testing framework to answer research questions has become a worrisome issue to research methodologists and statistics experts. Thus, the Journals of Mathematical Association of Nigeria, Abacus (2013 & 2014) were surveyed to investigate the effect size reports practice among Mathematics Educators in Nigeria. The study showed that majority (60%) of questions of research interests of Mathematics Educators were answered by Null Hypothesis Significant Testing (NHST) and less than one –fifth (16%) of this empirical studies reported Effect sizes (standardized) for their findings. However, the survey further revealed that though Effect sizes were mostly not reported but can be conveniently estimated from the associated descriptive statistics reported by the researchers except in the analyses which seek for relationship in categorical data. Recommendations made included that Editorial Policies and guidelines of Journals in Education, especially in Mathematics Education should include Effect sizes and Confidence Intervals reports for authors. Keywords: Research, Statistics, Effect size, Mathematics Educators, Empirical studies
{"title":"Research, statistics and mathematics educators in Nigeria: effect size perspective","authors":"K. Adeniji","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V5I2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V5I2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Over reliance on the perspective of a dichotomous reject or fail-to-reject outcome from a null hypothesis testing framework to answer research questions has become a worrisome issue to research methodologists and statistics experts. Thus, the Journals of Mathematical Association of Nigeria, Abacus (2013 & 2014) were surveyed to investigate the effect size reports practice among Mathematics Educators in Nigeria. The study showed that majority (60%) of questions of research interests of Mathematics Educators were answered by Null Hypothesis Significant Testing (NHST) and less than one –fifth (16%) of this empirical studies reported Effect sizes (standardized) for their findings. However, the survey further revealed that though Effect sizes were mostly not reported but can be conveniently estimated from the associated descriptive statistics reported by the researchers except in the analyses which seek for relationship in categorical data. Recommendations made included that Editorial Policies and guidelines of Journals in Education, especially in Mathematics Education should include Effect sizes and Confidence Intervals reports for authors. Keywords: Research, Statistics, Effect size, Mathematics Educators, Empirical studies","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125762363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of hair dressing effluent on soil chemical properties, germination and growth of maize and cowpea were investigated in pot experiment. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design of 3 effluent treatments (100 ml, 200 ml and 400 ml) and control with 5 replications at University of Port Harcourt Centre for Ecological Studies. Results showed that pH ranged between 6.8±0.2 – 7.5±0.4 for both control and treatments, total organic carbon (TOC) increased from 1.56±0.4% in control to 1.95±0.09 - 2.55±0.05% in treatments. Oil and grease increased from 24.20±2.64 ppm in control to 48.70±4.10 - 129.80±3.00 ppm in treatments. Germination percentage were 98% and 48% in control for maize and cowpea respectively and ranged between 84 – 88% and 12 – 32% in treatments for maize and cowpea respectively. Shoot lengths were 27.6±5.8 cm and 20.4±1.4 cm in control for maize and cowpea respectively and ranged between 29.1±4.1 – 32.2±1.0 cm and 18.5±1.7 – 19.8±7.8 cm in treatments for maize and cowpea respectively. Fresh weights were 100.4±7.5 g and 52.3±8.7 g in control for maize and cowpea respectively while it ranged between 97.8±2.9 g – 111.0±6.4 g and 42.0±5.1 – 58.2±4.0 g in treatments for maize and cowpea respectively. In conclusion, hair dressing effluent had no effect on soil pH but increased soil TOC and O & G. It had no effect on germination percentage of maize but reduced it in cowpea and no significant effects on shoot length and biomass accumulation of the test crops. Keywords: Effluent; Soil; Maize; Cowpea; Growth, irrigation
{"title":"The effects of hair dressing effluent irrigation on soil chemical properties, germination and growth in maize ( Zea mays L.) and cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp)","authors":"E. Albert, F. Tanee","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V5I2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V5I2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of hair dressing effluent on soil chemical properties, germination and growth of maize and cowpea were investigated in pot experiment. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design of 3 effluent treatments (100 ml, 200 ml and 400 ml) and control with 5 replications at University of Port Harcourt Centre for Ecological Studies. Results showed that pH ranged between 6.8±0.2 – 7.5±0.4 for both control and treatments, total organic carbon (TOC) increased from 1.56±0.4% in control to 1.95±0.09 - 2.55±0.05% in treatments. Oil and grease increased from 24.20±2.64 ppm in control to 48.70±4.10 - 129.80±3.00 ppm in treatments. Germination percentage were 98% and 48% in control for maize and cowpea respectively and ranged between 84 – 88% and 12 – 32% in treatments for maize and cowpea respectively. Shoot lengths were 27.6±5.8 cm and 20.4±1.4 cm in control for maize and cowpea respectively and ranged between 29.1±4.1 – 32.2±1.0 cm and 18.5±1.7 – 19.8±7.8 cm in treatments for maize and cowpea respectively. Fresh weights were 100.4±7.5 g and 52.3±8.7 g in control for maize and cowpea respectively while it ranged between 97.8±2.9 g – 111.0±6.4 g and 42.0±5.1 – 58.2±4.0 g in treatments for maize and cowpea respectively. In conclusion, hair dressing effluent had no effect on soil pH but increased soil TOC and O & G. It had no effect on germination percentage of maize but reduced it in cowpea and no significant effects on shoot length and biomass accumulation of the test crops. Keywords: Effluent; Soil; Maize; Cowpea; Growth, irrigation","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132004415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A comparison of growth response of algal species in varying concentrations of petroleum products to assess their bioremediation potentials was carried out using Microcystis aeruginosa as test organism. The modified Chu #10 standard medium for algal culture was used for the experimental set up which lasted for twenty-one days. The test alga was subjected to growth medium with varying concentrations of petrol and kerosene. Algal growth was determined by measuring optical density of inoculated medium at three days’ interval using a spectrophotometer at 750nm wavelength. The effect of the hydrocarbons on algal growth was either stimulatory or inhibitory depending on the concentration. The inhibitory effects of the hydrocarbons increased with increasing concentrations. Comparatively, petrol had more inhibitory effect than kerosene which did not appreciably alter growth either at lower or higher concentrations. The experiment concludes that Microcystis aeruginosa can be used for bioremediation of soil or water impacted by crude oil or petroleum products. Keywords: Algal culture, Petroleum hydrocarbons, Bioremediation, Microcystis aeruginosa
{"title":"Potential use of Algae Microcystis aeruginosa (Chroococaceae) in bioremediation","authors":"O. Akoma, W. N. Chris-Iwuru","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V5I2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V5I2.2","url":null,"abstract":"A comparison of growth response of algal species in varying concentrations of petroleum products to assess their bioremediation potentials was carried out using Microcystis aeruginosa as test organism. The modified Chu #10 standard medium for algal culture was used for the experimental set up which lasted for twenty-one days. The test alga was subjected to growth medium with varying concentrations of petrol and kerosene. Algal growth was determined by measuring optical density of inoculated medium at three days’ interval using a spectrophotometer at 750nm wavelength. The effect of the hydrocarbons on algal growth was either stimulatory or inhibitory depending on the concentration. The inhibitory effects of the hydrocarbons increased with increasing concentrations. Comparatively, petrol had more inhibitory effect than kerosene which did not appreciably alter growth either at lower or higher concentrations. The experiment concludes that Microcystis aeruginosa can be used for bioremediation of soil or water impacted by crude oil or petroleum products. Keywords: Algal culture, Petroleum hydrocarbons, Bioremediation, Microcystis aeruginosa","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132272049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated the development of entrepreneurial skills in female pre-service chemistry educators of south-east colleges of education in Nigeria through science education. This study involved only the south east colleges of education. The study employed a descriptive survey design. Simple random sampling by balloting with replacement was used to select 90 final year degree and NCE female pre-service chemistry educators drawn from three South East colleges of education involved in degree programmes. The instrument for data collections was a 41-item structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. The instrument was validated and an internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach alpha and found to be 0.88. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions while z-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. The result from the study showed that female pre-service chemistry educators in southeast colleges of education were not exposed to entrepreneurial skills in science education; poor funding, inadequate science laboratories, lack of materials and equipment were among the hindrances in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills in science education programmes. Strategies to empower the female pre-service chemistry educators’ acquisition of entrepreneurial skills in science education programmes so as to eradicate poverty and improve national development by being self-reliant were suggested. Based on the findings, recommendations were made which include among others that: entrepreneurial skills should be incorporated into science education curricular and also fund should be provided to the colleges of education by the government to procure facilities and materials for teaching entrepreneurial skills incorporated into science education programmes.
{"title":"Developing Entrepreneurial Skills in Female Pre-Service Chemistry Educators through Science Education: A Path to Women Empowerment in Nigeria","authors":"E. N. Igboegwu","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V5I1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V5I1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the development of entrepreneurial skills in female pre-service chemistry educators of south-east colleges of education in Nigeria through science education. This study involved only the south east colleges of education. The study employed a descriptive survey design. Simple random sampling by balloting with replacement was used to select 90 final year degree and NCE female pre-service chemistry educators drawn from three South East colleges of education involved in degree programmes. The instrument for data collections was a 41-item structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. The instrument was validated and an internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach alpha and found to be 0.88. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions while z-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. The result from the study showed that female pre-service chemistry educators in southeast colleges of education were not exposed to entrepreneurial skills in science education; poor funding, inadequate science laboratories, lack of materials and equipment were among the hindrances in the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills in science education programmes. Strategies to empower the female pre-service chemistry educators’ acquisition of entrepreneurial skills in science education programmes so as to eradicate poverty and improve national development by being self-reliant were suggested. Based on the findings, recommendations were made which include among others that: entrepreneurial skills should be incorporated into science education curricular and also fund should be provided to the colleges of education by the government to procure facilities and materials for teaching entrepreneurial skills incorporated into science education programmes.","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128391988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated impact of prior knowledge of behavioural objectives on students' academic achievements in physics. The quasi-experimental research design was used for the study. The sample for the study consisted of a total of one hundred and eighty eight (188) students drawn from secondary schools in Yakurr and Abi Local Government Areas of Cross River State. Ten secondary schools were used for the study. Five schools were purposively assigned to the experimental group while the other five schools were assigned to the control group. The instrument for data collection was the Atomic Physics Achievement Test (APAT) which consisted of fifty (50) items of multiple choice in nature. The instrument had a reliability index of 0.89 using the Kuder-Richardson formula -20. After pretest both groups were taught the concept of atomic physics but with the experimental group given the behavioural objectives before commencement of treatment. The data collected were analyzed using analysis of covariance with pretest scores as covariate. The results of the study showed significant difference in academic achievement between the experimental and control groups, significant difference in achievement between male and female students with the females taking the lead and a significant interaction effect between treatment and gender of the students. It was concluded that prior knowledge of behavioural objectives promote students’ academic achievement. Hence, it was recommended, among others, that physics teachers should be encouraged to give students behavioural objectives prior to the teaching of the concept. Keywords: Prior Knowledge; Behavioural Objectives; Academic Achievement; Physics
{"title":"Impact of Prior Knowledge of Behavioural Objectives on Students' Academic Achievement in Physics","authors":"Ndem Nsungo Udo, Arikpo Ubana Ubana","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V5I1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V5I1.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated impact of prior knowledge of behavioural objectives on students' academic achievements in physics. The quasi-experimental research design was used for the study. The sample for the study consisted of a total of one hundred and eighty eight (188) students drawn from secondary schools in Yakurr and Abi Local Government Areas of Cross River State. Ten secondary schools were used for the study. Five schools were purposively assigned to the experimental group while the other five schools were assigned to the control group. The instrument for data collection was the Atomic Physics Achievement Test (APAT) which consisted of fifty (50) items of multiple choice in nature. The instrument had a reliability index of 0.89 using the Kuder-Richardson formula -20. After pretest both groups were taught the concept of atomic physics but with the experimental group given the behavioural objectives before commencement of treatment. The data collected were analyzed using analysis of covariance with pretest scores as covariate. The results of the study showed significant difference in academic achievement between the experimental and control groups, significant difference in achievement between male and female students with the females taking the lead and a significant interaction effect between treatment and gender of the students. It was concluded that prior knowledge of behavioural objectives promote students’ academic achievement. Hence, it was recommended, among others, that physics teachers should be encouraged to give students behavioural objectives prior to the teaching of the concept. Keywords: Prior Knowledge; Behavioural Objectives; Academic Achievement; Physics","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130057162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rainfall characteristics were evaluated in Makurdi in the Guinea Savanna agroclimatic belt of Nigeria. Pluviograhic rainfall data were collected for the period 1985 to 1987. The mean Annual rainfall was 1140mm.The highest rainfall amount per storm event was 71.7mm while the highest six- minute rainfall intensity was 240mmh -1 . The mean monthly Kinetic energy (E) using the Wischmeier and Smith (1978) equation ranged from 2.0 to 84.1MJha -1 whereas the value ranged from 2.5 to 128.0MJha -1 using Kowal and Kassam (1976) equation (designated E k ).Conventional rainfall erosivity used for evaluation were the EI 30 , K.E > 25 and AI m . The ranges of monthly erosivity based on these indices were 24 to 406 MJ.mmha -1 h -1 , 0.7 to 9.0MJha -1 and 270 to 4280 mm2h -1 respectively. Following Obi and Salako (1995) additional indices, namely, E(A), E k I 30 , E k I m ,E(A)I 30 and E k AI m were evaluated. Mean monthly erosivity values ranges based on these indices were 18 to 471 MJ.mmha -1 h -1 , 31 to 595 MJ.mmha -1 h -1 , 76 to 1594 MJ.mmha -1 h -1 , 218 to 26992 MJ.mmha -1 h -1 and 527 to 67293 MJ.mmha -1 h -1 respectively. The findings enable better understanding of the rainfall effects on soil erosion in the region. The generally high erosivity values are pointers to the compelling need for soil protective covers in particular and the integration of other serious conservation measures as key strategies for sustainable production in the agro-ecological zone. Keywords: Rainfall, Eosivity, USLE
对尼日利亚几内亚稀树草原农业气候带马库尔迪地区的降雨特征进行了评价。收集了1985年至1987年的降水资料。年平均降雨量为1140毫米。最大单次暴雨降雨量为71.7mm，最大6分钟降雨强度为240mmh -1。使用Wischmeier和Smith(1978)方程计算的月平均动能(E)范围为2.0 ~ 84.1MJha -1，而使用Kowal和Kassam(1976)方程计算的月平均动能(E)范围为2.5 ~ 128.0MJha -1。用于评价的常规降雨侵蚀力为EI 30、ke > 25和AI m。基于这些指标的月侵蚀力变化范围为24 ~ 406 MJ。mmha -1 h -1、0.7 ~ 9.0MJha -1和270 ~ 4280 mm2h -1。继Obi和Salako(1995)之后，又对E(A)、E(A)I 30、E(A)I m、E(A)I 30和E(A)I m进行了评价。基于这些指数的月平均侵蚀力值为18 ~ 471 MJ。mmha -1 h -1, 31到595 MJ。mmha -1 h -1, 76到1594 MJ。mmha -1 h -1, 218 ~ 26992 MJ。mmha -1 h -1和527到67293 MJ。分别是Mmha -1 h -1。这一发现有助于更好地了解降雨对该地区土壤侵蚀的影响。普遍较高的侵蚀力值表明迫切需要保护土壤，特别是需要结合其他重要的保护措施，作为农业生态区可持续生产的关键战略。关键词:降雨，敏感性，USLE
{"title":"Rainfall Characteristics at Makurdi, North–Central Nigeria II","authors":"B. Agada, M. Obi, A. Ali","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V5I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V5I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall characteristics were evaluated in Makurdi in the Guinea Savanna agroclimatic belt of Nigeria. Pluviograhic rainfall data were collected for the period 1985 to 1987. The mean Annual rainfall was 1140mm.The highest rainfall amount per storm event was 71.7mm while the highest six- minute rainfall intensity was 240mmh -1 . The mean monthly Kinetic energy (E) using the Wischmeier and Smith (1978) equation ranged from 2.0 to 84.1MJha -1 whereas the value ranged from 2.5 to 128.0MJha -1 using Kowal and Kassam (1976) equation (designated E k ).Conventional rainfall erosivity used for evaluation were the EI 30 , K.E > 25 and AI m . The ranges of monthly erosivity based on these indices were 24 to 406 MJ.mmha -1 h -1 , 0.7 to 9.0MJha -1 and 270 to 4280 mm2h -1 respectively. Following Obi and Salako (1995) additional indices, namely, E(A), E k I 30 , E k I m ,E(A)I 30 and E k AI m were evaluated. Mean monthly erosivity values ranges based on these indices were 18 to 471 MJ.mmha -1 h -1 , 31 to 595 MJ.mmha -1 h -1 , 76 to 1594 MJ.mmha -1 h -1 , 218 to 26992 MJ.mmha -1 h -1 and 527 to 67293 MJ.mmha -1 h -1 respectively. The findings enable better understanding of the rainfall effects on soil erosion in the region. The generally high erosivity values are pointers to the compelling need for soil protective covers in particular and the integration of other serious conservation measures as key strategies for sustainable production in the agro-ecological zone. Keywords: Rainfall, Eosivity, USLE","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128643875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated the influence of gender and cognitive styles on students' achievement in biology in senior secondary schools in Anambra State. One research question and one null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. A causal comparative research design and a population of 12,000 (SSII) biology students in sixty-four government - owned secondary schools in Awka Education zone. The sample of the study consisted of 265 SSII biology students (141 males and 124 girls) drawn from four government owned schools comprising of two (2) boys and two (2) girls' school in Awka education zone. The sample was drawn using disproportionate stratified random sampling technique. Two instruments were employed for data collection namely: Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) and Biology Achievement Test (BAT). GEFT was used to access the cognitive styles of students as either field -dependent or field independent. It is a standardized instrument with a reliability of 0.89 on a test re-test method. BA T content validity was ensured by a test blueprint while face validity was ensured by two biology educators and one expert in measurement and Evaluation from the science Education Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The reliability coefficient of BAT was established using Cronbach Alpha which gave 0.86. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research question while one-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the null hypothesis. Result showed among others: that gender and cognitive styles has no significant, influence on achievement scores of students in biology. Recommendations and conclusion were highlighted. Keywords: Gender, Cognitive styles, Achievement, Biology
{"title":"Influence of Gender and Cognitive Styles on Students’ Achievement in Biology","authors":"Patience O. Okoye","doi":"10.4314/stech.v5i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/stech.v5i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the influence of gender and cognitive styles on students' achievement in biology in senior secondary schools in Anambra State. One research question and one null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. A causal comparative research design and a population of 12,000 (SSII) biology students in sixty-four government - owned secondary schools in Awka Education zone. The sample of the study consisted of 265 SSII biology students (141 males and 124 girls) drawn from four government owned schools comprising of two (2) boys and two (2) girls' school in Awka education zone. The sample was drawn using disproportionate stratified random sampling technique. Two instruments were employed for data collection namely: Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) and Biology Achievement Test (BAT). GEFT was used to access the cognitive styles of students as either field -dependent or field independent. It is a standardized instrument with a reliability of 0.89 on a test re-test method. BA T content validity was ensured by a test blueprint while face validity was ensured by two biology educators and one expert in measurement and Evaluation from the science Education Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The reliability coefficient of BAT was established using Cronbach Alpha which gave 0.86. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research question while one-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the null hypothesis. Result showed among others: that gender and cognitive styles has no significant, influence on achievement scores of students in biology. Recommendations and conclusion were highlighted. Keywords: Gender, Cognitive styles, Achievement, Biology","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114723965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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