A. Guyo, Hong Yu, J. Muthiani, Richard Mbaraka Kembero
Alcohol drinking among young people is a major global public health concern. The situation has been aggravated further by the advent of the internet and subsequent development of social media as a tool for online alcohol marketing. This exploratory study sought to find out the prevalence of alcohol advertisements on social media and its possible influence on alcohol drinking among college students in Kenya. Based on a field survey conducted in Nairobi, (N=70), this study has established that that there was heavy presence of alcohol advertisements on social media scene in Kenya. Although statistically, there was huge gender disparity, the final results showed that there was significant association between alcohol ads on social media and college student’s possible alcohol drinking habits This study concludes that there is need for the stakeholders in public health promotions to formulate policies aimed at mitigating against the challenges posed by unrestricted access to online alcohol ads by the youth in order to prevent them from being lured into early alcohol drinking by the alcoholic beverage makers.Keywords: alcohol abuse; influence; online ads; youth; Kenya
{"title":"Exploring an association between online alcohol advertisements and alcohol drinking among college students in Kenya","authors":"A. Guyo, Hong Yu, J. Muthiani, Richard Mbaraka Kembero","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V7I2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V7I2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol drinking among young people is a major global public health concern. The situation has been aggravated further by the advent of the internet and subsequent development of social media as a tool for online alcohol marketing. This exploratory study sought to find out the prevalence of alcohol advertisements on social media and its possible influence on alcohol drinking among college students in Kenya. Based on a field survey conducted in Nairobi, (N=70), this study has established that that there was heavy presence of alcohol advertisements on social media scene in Kenya. Although statistically, there was huge gender disparity, the final results showed that there was significant association between alcohol ads on social media and college student’s possible alcohol drinking habits This study concludes that there is need for the stakeholders in public health promotions to formulate policies aimed at mitigating against the challenges posed by unrestricted access to online alcohol ads by the youth in order to prevent them from being lured into early alcohol drinking by the alcoholic beverage makers.Keywords: alcohol abuse; influence; online ads; youth; Kenya","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125544997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Supplier Selection is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) Problem. It requires the evaluation of both qualitative and quantitative factors. Selecting the best supplier among several alternatives is an enormous task for decision makers (DMs) and procurement managers (PMs). Since no single supplier can excel in all the attributes required by DMs. this paper adopted both the quantitative and qualitative factors in the selection process. Also, this paper applied the AHP approach in the selection of stationery suppliers using real life data from selected universities in Benin City.Keywords: Analytical Hierarchy process, stationary, multi-criteria decision making
{"title":"Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach for selecting stationery suppliers in selected universities in Benin City","authors":"D. E. Omorogbe, W. Iguodala","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V7I2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V7I2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Supplier Selection is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) Problem. It requires the evaluation of both qualitative and quantitative factors. Selecting the best supplier among several alternatives is an enormous task for decision makers (DMs) and procurement managers (PMs). Since no single supplier can excel in all the attributes required by DMs. this paper adopted both the quantitative and qualitative factors in the selection process. Also, this paper applied the AHP approach in the selection of stationery suppliers using real life data from selected universities in Benin City.Keywords: Analytical Hierarchy process, stationary, multi-criteria decision making","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132618806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Global Malarial Action Plan (GMAP) addresses different measures towards achieving complete elimination of malaria, the most dangerous vector-borne disease. Present efforts for prevention and treatment of malaria in Cape Coast, a small town in southern Ghana, has achieved significant improvement from the past in controlling both the morbidity and mortality rates through various approaches. However, the current efforts and methodology in proceeding towards elimination of malaria presents many unanswered questions in terms of its level of sustainability. This report provides an overview of the current strategies implemented and addresses multifactorial issues that impede the control and eradication of malaria in Cape Coast. In addition, the effectiveness and sustainability of these strategies to achieve such intended goals have been evaluated. This study was conducted within Cape Coast, Ghana among 2 rural villages, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital and the general populous. Data collection involved face-to-face interviews of 55 individuals residing in Cape Coast, as well as, the use of hospital records on malaria. The paper concludes by indicating that more funding in infrastructure, as well as, serious advancement in public action is essential for improved malarial control and complete elimination of the disease.Keywords: DDT: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, GMAP: Global Malaria Action Plan, IRS: Indoor residual spraying (insecticide), ITN: Insecticide-treated nets, LBW: Low birth weight, LLIN: Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, LSM: Larval Source Management, NHIS: National Health Insurance Scheme, Pf: Plasmodium Falciparum, WHO: World Health Organization
{"title":"Factors affecting control and eradication of malaria in Cape Coast, Ghana","authors":"Manojit Chatterjee","doi":"10.4314/stech.v7i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/stech.v7i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The Global Malarial Action Plan (GMAP) addresses different measures towards achieving complete elimination of malaria, the most dangerous vector-borne disease. Present efforts for prevention and treatment of malaria in Cape Coast, a small town in southern Ghana, has achieved significant improvement from the past in controlling both the morbidity and mortality rates through various approaches. However, the current efforts and methodology in proceeding towards elimination of malaria presents many unanswered questions in terms of its level of sustainability. This report provides an overview of the current strategies implemented and addresses multifactorial issues that impede the control and eradication of malaria in Cape Coast. In addition, the effectiveness and sustainability of these strategies to achieve such intended goals have been evaluated. This study was conducted within Cape Coast, Ghana among 2 rural villages, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital and the general populous. Data collection involved face-to-face interviews of 55 individuals residing in Cape Coast, as well as, the use of hospital records on malaria. The paper concludes by indicating that more funding in infrastructure, as well as, serious advancement in public action is essential for improved malarial control and complete elimination of the disease.Keywords: DDT: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, GMAP: Global Malaria Action Plan, IRS: Indoor residual spraying (insecticide), ITN: Insecticide-treated nets, LBW: Low birth weight, LLIN: Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, LSM: Larval Source Management, NHIS: National Health Insurance Scheme, Pf: Plasmodium Falciparum, WHO: World Health Organization","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128031135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heterosis or hybrid vigour is an increase in the yield of a hybrid animal over those of its parents; and consanguinity, the quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person; have been discussed independently by scholars. However, this study attempts a side by side investigation of heterosis and consanguinity as they affect livestock and human populations in antiquity and Nigeria, with a view to understanding how these cultures/strategies can positively or negatively affect the progress and prosperity of a society. The social development theory is adopted to further present an expansionary view on how society can grow and prosper with regard to these themes. The argument that heterosis or exogamy is more advantageous than consanguinity for the growth of a society is put forward in the discourse. Further studies may examine excessiveness in heterosis with regard to human development even in antiquity and Nigeria.Keywords: Heterosis, consanguinity, livestock and human populations, antiquity, Nigeria
{"title":"Interrogating heterosis and consanguinity for livestock and human populations","authors":"M. O. Aneni, E. Antigha","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V7I2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V7I2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Heterosis or hybrid vigour is an increase in the yield of a hybrid animal over those of its parents; and consanguinity, the quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person; have been discussed independently by scholars. However, this study attempts a side by side investigation of heterosis and consanguinity as they affect livestock and human populations in antiquity and Nigeria, with a view to understanding how these cultures/strategies can positively or negatively affect the progress and prosperity of a society. The social development theory is adopted to further present an expansionary view on how society can grow and prosper with regard to these themes. The argument that heterosis or exogamy is more advantageous than consanguinity for the growth of a society is put forward in the discourse. Further studies may examine excessiveness in heterosis with regard to human development even in antiquity and Nigeria.Keywords: Heterosis, consanguinity, livestock and human populations, antiquity, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125338881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The changes in methodology and ideological implementation of User Experience (UX) and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) in the 21st century shift focus from traditional analogue process management to digital process management of organisations’ data and content. In instance of a university interactive web portal whereby institutions provide parties with access to data and information on the university portal. A focus shift from HCI design to UX design for improved peoples’ experience when navigating the institutions portal. A focus on understanding the relationship between UX and HCI as a phenomenon, considering the analogy of interactive organisation (institution, company, government) portal. Need for system developers to adopt UX evaluation, a methodology to ensure effective usability, accessibility and efficiency of a designed system. The nature of the study has its’ background in HCI. HCI relate to the mental (cognitive), technology and affective factors that influence the way people use computer for interaction in a computer-supported collaborative work/learn (CSCW/L) environment. The objective of this study is to ascertain at what point or put succinctly, what stage of system development does a system developer commits to user experience evaluation methods (UXEMs)?Keywords: Human Computer Interaction, User Experience, User Evaluation Method
{"title":"User experience: tool for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) design","authors":"David Oluwasegun Olawole","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V7I2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V7I2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The changes in methodology and ideological implementation of User Experience (UX) and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) in the 21st century shift focus from traditional analogue process management to digital process management of organisations’ data and content. In instance of a university interactive web portal whereby institutions provide parties with access to data and information on the university portal. A focus shift from HCI design to UX design for improved peoples’ experience when navigating the institutions portal. A focus on understanding the relationship between UX and HCI as a phenomenon, considering the analogy of interactive organisation (institution, company, government) portal. Need for system developers to adopt UX evaluation, a methodology to ensure effective usability, accessibility and efficiency of a designed system. The nature of the study has its’ background in HCI. HCI relate to the mental (cognitive), technology and affective factors that influence the way people use computer for interaction in a computer-supported collaborative work/learn (CSCW/L) environment. The objective of this study is to ascertain at what point or put succinctly, what stage of system development does a system developer commits to user experience evaluation methods (UXEMs)?Keywords: Human Computer Interaction, User Experience, User Evaluation Method","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115594390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is to revaluate the truth-content of scientific theory in the event of scientific revolution. In this paper, we argued that the radical views on incommensurability offered, especially, by Thomas S. Kuhn (shared by Paul Feyerabend, and others) do not actually undermine either the realist or cumulative stature of science. The core of our discussion is, ultimately, to provide a clearer and broader picture of the general characteristics of scientific revolution or theory change. In doing this, the paper pinpoints the audacity behind this change and the nature of truth undergirding any emergent or overthrown scientific theory. The paper has some rebounding echoes of the realist and cumulative features of science while addressing the issue of the real character of theory change. Following some unique interpretations of scientific revolution, truth in science could still be redeemed in the face of theory change and Kuhnian Incommensurability Thesis. To this effect, the hermeneutical approach is considered most suitable in this paper. Keywords: Scientific-Revolution; Incommensurability; cumulative structure; Truth; Realism
{"title":"Scientific revolution, incommensurability and truth in theories: objection to Kuhn’s perspective","authors":"C. Ihejirika, C. C. Emedolu","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V7I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V7I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This is to revaluate the truth-content of scientific theory in the event of scientific revolution. In this paper, we argued that the radical views on incommensurability offered, especially, by Thomas S. Kuhn (shared by Paul Feyerabend, and others) do not actually undermine either the realist or cumulative stature of science. The core of our discussion is, ultimately, to provide a clearer and broader picture of the general characteristics of scientific revolution or theory change. In doing this, the paper pinpoints the audacity behind this change and the nature of truth undergirding any emergent or overthrown scientific theory. The paper has some rebounding echoes of the realist and cumulative features of science while addressing the issue of the real character of theory change. Following some unique interpretations of scientific revolution, truth in science could still be redeemed in the face of theory change and Kuhnian Incommensurability Thesis. To this effect, the hermeneutical approach is considered most suitable in this paper. Keywords: Scientific-Revolution; Incommensurability; cumulative structure; Truth; Realism","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127131341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated the influence of classroom interaction patterns on achievement in biology among Senior Secondary School Students in Anambra State. One research question and one null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. A causal comparative or (expost-facto) design was used; a population of 10, 206 SSII Biology students in government owned Secondary Schools in three education zones namely; Awka, Nnewi and Onitsha of Anambra State. The sample consisted of 265 SSII biology students (141 males and 124 girls) drawn from 10,206 biology students. Purposive and random sampling technique was used for the study. Six (6) single sex schools (2 males, 2 females and 2, co-educational) were purposively sampled from the three education zones. Two instruments were employed for data collection namely: Biology Achievement Test (BAT) constructed by the researchers and an adapted questionnaire titled “Previous Classroom Interaction Categorization Test (PCICT) designed to evaluate the level of participation of the teachers compared with students for each pattern of interaction in their precious biology classroom activities. BAT and PCICT were validated by two biology educators and two expert in measurement and evaluation all from Science Education Department, University of Nigeria Nsukka. BAT reliability coefficient was established using Kuder-Richardson 20 (K-R2O) method which gave 0.86 and PCICT reliability was established using Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient which gave an index of 0.80. Data were analyzed using mean, and standard deviation to answer the research questions while one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the null hypothesis. Result showed among others that classroom interaction patterns significantly influenced students’ achievement in biology. Recommendations and conclusion were highlighted. Keywords: Classroom interaction patterns, Achievement, Biology, Students
{"title":"Influence of classroom interaction patterns on achievement in biology among senior secondary school students","authors":"Patience O. Okoye, Winfred C. Onwuachu","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V7I1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V7I1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the influence of classroom interaction patterns on achievement in biology among Senior Secondary School Students in Anambra State. One research question and one null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. A causal comparative or (expost-facto) design was used; a population of 10, 206 SSII Biology students in government owned Secondary Schools in three education zones namely; Awka, Nnewi and Onitsha of Anambra State. The sample consisted of 265 SSII biology students (141 males and 124 girls) drawn from 10,206 biology students. Purposive and random sampling technique was used for the study. Six (6) single sex schools (2 males, 2 females and 2, co-educational) were purposively sampled from the three education zones. Two instruments were employed for data collection namely: Biology Achievement Test (BAT) constructed by the researchers and an adapted questionnaire titled “Previous Classroom Interaction Categorization Test (PCICT) designed to evaluate the level of participation of the teachers compared with students for each pattern of interaction in their precious biology classroom activities. BAT and PCICT were validated by two biology educators and two expert in measurement and evaluation all from Science Education Department, University of Nigeria Nsukka. BAT reliability coefficient was established using Kuder-Richardson 20 (K-R2O) method which gave 0.86 and PCICT reliability was established using Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient which gave an index of 0.80. Data were analyzed using mean, and standard deviation to answer the research questions while one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the null hypothesis. Result showed among others that classroom interaction patterns significantly influenced students’ achievement in biology. Recommendations and conclusion were highlighted. Keywords: Classroom interaction patterns, Achievement, Biology, Students","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133556009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growth performance of Allanblackia floribunda oliv seedlings in various nursery growth media was studied. Six nursery growth media were prepared in 1:1 ratio as follows: (1) washed river sand +forest topsoil (SdTsST1) (2) Washed river sand +heat sterilized decomposed sawdust (SdSwST1) (3)heat sterilized decomposed sawdust + top forest soil (SwTsST1) (4) Washed river sand + forest topsoil + heat sterilized decomposed sawdust(SdTsSwST1) (5) heat sterilized decomposed sawdust only (SwST1) (6) forest topsoil only (TsST1). Polythene containers (16cm x 14cm) were filled with each of the growth media. One predecoated seedling (ST1) was pricked into each container and there were five seedlings for each growth medium replicated three times. Observation was for 24 weeks. The highest seedling height (6.7cm+0.65cm), diameter at collar (2.53 + 0.5mm), number of leaves (6.0+0.9) and leaf area (54.3 + 4.5cm 2 ) were observed in growth media containing a mixture of washed river sand, forest topsoil and sterilized decomposed sawdust. Growth media containing these three items are recommended as appropriate growth media for Allanblackia floribunda seedlings in the nursery, in Nigeria. Keywords: Allanblackia floribunda ; seedlings, nursery growth media
{"title":"Growth performance of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv seedlings in various nursery growth media in Nigeria","authors":"B. A. Ekeke","doi":"10.4314/stech.v7i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/stech.v7i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The growth performance of Allanblackia floribunda oliv seedlings in various nursery growth media was studied. Six nursery growth media were prepared in 1:1 ratio as follows: (1) washed river sand +forest topsoil (SdTsST1) (2) Washed river sand +heat sterilized decomposed sawdust (SdSwST1) (3)heat sterilized decomposed sawdust + top forest soil (SwTsST1) (4) Washed river sand + forest topsoil + heat sterilized decomposed sawdust(SdTsSwST1) (5) heat sterilized decomposed sawdust only (SwST1) (6) forest topsoil only (TsST1). Polythene containers (16cm x 14cm) were filled with each of the growth media. One predecoated seedling (ST1) was pricked into each container and there were five seedlings for each growth medium replicated three times. Observation was for 24 weeks. The highest seedling height (6.7cm+0.65cm), diameter at collar (2.53 + 0.5mm), number of leaves (6.0+0.9) and leaf area (54.3 + 4.5cm 2 ) were observed in growth media containing a mixture of washed river sand, forest topsoil and sterilized decomposed sawdust. Growth media containing these three items are recommended as appropriate growth media for Allanblackia floribunda seedlings in the nursery, in Nigeria. Keywords: Allanblackia floribunda ; seedlings, nursery growth media","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121824522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In spatial disease mapping, the use of Bayesian models of estimation technique is becoming popular for smoothing relative risks estimates for disease mapping. The most common Bayesian conjugate model for disease mapping is the Poisson-Gamma Model (PG). To explore further the activity of smoothing of relative risk estimates for Bayesian disease mapping, this study focused on the use of generalized gamma distribution as conjugate priors with respect to Poisson likelihood. Two new empirical Bayesian (EB) models are developed; these include Poisson-Generalized Gamma model (PGG) and modified Poisson-Generalized Gamma model (MPGG). The model simulation results indicated that PGG and MPGG models are more likely to handle dispersion in zero-deflated data, contaminated data and zero-inflated data for small and large sample data. Hence, the new EB models are highly competitive to improve the efficiency of relative risk estimation for disease mapping. Keywords: Disease Mapping, Empirical Bayes, Generalized Gamma, Dispersion, Poisson
{"title":"Poisson-generalized gamma empirical Bayes model for disease mapping","authors":"U. Mbata, R. Okafor, I. Adeleke","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V7I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V7I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"In spatial disease mapping, the use of Bayesian models of estimation technique is becoming popular for smoothing relative risks estimates for disease mapping. The most common Bayesian conjugate model for disease mapping is the Poisson-Gamma Model (PG). To explore further the activity of smoothing of relative risk estimates for Bayesian disease mapping, this study focused on the use of generalized gamma distribution as conjugate priors with respect to Poisson likelihood. Two new empirical Bayesian (EB) models are developed; these include Poisson-Generalized Gamma model (PGG) and modified Poisson-Generalized Gamma model (MPGG). The model simulation results indicated that PGG and MPGG models are more likely to handle dispersion in zero-deflated data, contaminated data and zero-inflated data for small and large sample data. Hence, the new EB models are highly competitive to improve the efficiency of relative risk estimation for disease mapping. Keywords: Disease Mapping, Empirical Bayes, Generalized Gamma, Dispersion, Poisson","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128283912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Chukwunenye, C. N. Ihekwaba, Benedict Ubawike Akano
This study investigated the adequacy of the physics textbooks in use in Senior Secondary Schools in Nigeria using Owerri municipal as case study. Five research questions guided the study. The sampled textual materials were the three recommended physics textbooks. Twenty six physics teachers from ten public secondary schools in Owerri municipal, Imo State were used. The evaluation of these text books were carried out using the 8 – point quantitative approach to content evaluation of science text books (QACEST) and teacher’s perception rating scales (TPRS). The 8 – point QACEST was used to answer research questions 1 to 4 while research question 5 was answered using teacher’s perception rating scale The result revealed that while all the text books were adequate in terms of content and study questions inadequacies exist in some of the texts in the areas of learning activities, illustrations and teacher’s perception. This simply implies that no single text books have completely met the requirements of the new physics curriculum. However, teachers should not adhere to a particular text book but rather should expose their student to a variety of text books depending on the goal or aim of the lessons. Keywords: Investigating, Adequacy, Text book, conceptual understanding
{"title":"Investigating the adequacy of physics textbooks used in Nigeria secondary schools for conceptual understanding with new physics curriculum in view","authors":"J. Chukwunenye, C. N. Ihekwaba, Benedict Ubawike Akano","doi":"10.4314/STECH.V7I1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/STECH.V7I1.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the adequacy of the physics textbooks in use in Senior Secondary Schools in Nigeria using Owerri municipal as case study. Five research questions guided the study. The sampled textual materials were the three recommended physics textbooks. Twenty six physics teachers from ten public secondary schools in Owerri municipal, Imo State were used. The evaluation of these text books were carried out using the 8 – point quantitative approach to content evaluation of science text books (QACEST) and teacher’s perception rating scales (TPRS). The 8 – point QACEST was used to answer research questions 1 to 4 while research question 5 was answered using teacher’s perception rating scale The result revealed that while all the text books were adequate in terms of content and study questions inadequacies exist in some of the texts in the areas of learning activities, illustrations and teacher’s perception. This simply implies that no single text books have completely met the requirements of the new physics curriculum. However, teachers should not adhere to a particular text book but rather should expose their student to a variety of text books depending on the goal or aim of the lessons. Keywords: Investigating, Adequacy, Text book, conceptual understanding","PeriodicalId":272760,"journal":{"name":"AFRREV STECH: An International Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131491393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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