{"title":"Total Factor Productivity Growth in Indian Crop Sector","authors":"Rajni Jain, R. Chand, Amarjeet Singh","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.302289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.302289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130983784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. K. Srivastava, R. Chand, S. Raju, Rajni Jain, I. Kingsly, J. Sachdeva, Jaspal Singh, A. Kaur
Groundwater depletion has emerged as the major constraint in sustaining growth in agriculturally advanced state of Punjab. The study unravels unsustainable groundwater use in crop production using unit-level cost of cultivation survey data. The deterioration in groundwater resources is the outcome of technology and policy led shift in cropping pattern (towards paddy), irrigation source (towards groundwater) and energy source (towards electricity) in Punjab. Presently, total annual groundwater draft in the state is 72 per cent higher than the sustainable limit of 20 BCM. Agriculture being the largest user of groundwater draft bears the prime responsibility in averting groundwater crisis. Paddy emerged as the most water-guzzling crop consuming 45 to 88 per cent higher groundwater than other crops. Consequently, paddy had highest groundwater footprints (cum/kg) and lowest groundwater productivity (Rs./cum). Further, there exists large scale inefficiency in groundwater use for paddy cultivation. The optimum level of groundwater use for paddy cultivation should be about 52 per cent less than the present level of 1.2 ha-metre. Interestingly, large farmers emerged as more efficient user of groundwater resources and productive as compared to farmers with smaller land holdings. The strategy to ensure sustainability must include both groundwater supply augmentation and demand reduction measures with greater emphasis on improving water use efficiency and curtailing non-productive use of groundwater resources.
{"title":"Unsustainable Groundwater Use in Punjab Agriculture: Insights from Cost of Cultivation Survey","authors":"S. K. Srivastava, R. Chand, S. Raju, Rajni Jain, I. Kingsly, J. Sachdeva, Jaspal Singh, A. Kaur","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.230215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.230215","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater depletion has emerged as the major constraint in sustaining growth in agriculturally advanced state of Punjab. The study unravels unsustainable groundwater use in crop production using unit-level cost of cultivation survey data. The deterioration in groundwater resources is the outcome of technology and policy led shift in cropping pattern (towards paddy), irrigation source (towards groundwater) and energy source (towards electricity) in Punjab. Presently, total annual groundwater draft in the state is 72 per cent higher than the sustainable limit of 20 BCM. Agriculture being the largest user of groundwater draft bears the prime responsibility in averting groundwater crisis. Paddy emerged as the most water-guzzling crop consuming 45 to 88 per cent higher groundwater than other crops. Consequently, paddy had highest groundwater footprints (cum/kg) and lowest groundwater productivity (Rs./cum). Further, there exists large scale inefficiency in groundwater use for paddy cultivation. The optimum level of groundwater use for paddy cultivation should be about 52 per cent less than the present level of 1.2 ha-metre. Interestingly, large farmers emerged as more efficient user of groundwater resources and productive as compared to farmers with smaller land holdings. The strategy to ensure sustainability must include both groundwater supply augmentation and demand reduction measures with greater emphasis on improving water use efficiency and curtailing non-productive use of groundwater resources.","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128537003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper is an attempt to understand the level of food safety regulations in food businesses and its compliance in India to assess the prospects of food businesses under the surveillance of India’s new Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006. The study finds that in the second quarter of 2006, the country had witnessed a new initiative of enactment of the latest Act, ‘the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (No. 34 of 2006), under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare that integrates the existing eight of the food laws. It brings about one statute under a single apex regulatory authority known as Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). The study also highlights that food safety law is poorly implemented in the country specially in case of marketing of fruits and vegetables. The availability of modern infrastructure like scientific ripening chambers for fruits and vegetables has not been provided by the local Government even in modern markets. The lack of scientific ripening chambers to meet international safety standards in the modern market clearly indicates that even in the modern markets of India food safety issues appears to be neglected. It is suggested that there is a strong need to have (i) Special budget for building soft and hard infrastructure; (ii) Attract more Private-Public-People partnership to undertake awareness programmes, sensitisation and capacity building on risk communication in both perishables and non-perishables food items; (iii) Set up accredited network of laboratories with skilled manpower to conduct scientific testing for the primary perishable agricultural commodities; (iv) APMCs to ensure a premium payment for better quality graded produce to the farmers as an incentive to follow and innovate more of the food safety norms, while providing modern infrastructural facilities to both traders and farmers; and (v) Explore innovative models of management, for instance, the state government may consider pilot project to lease out the regulated market to private agri-businesses. The regulatory authorities in turn assume an advisory and regulatory role to make sure that safety norms in that market are as per the law and provide supporting infrastructure. Build Consumers’ Trust by (vi) Gradually introducing city-based scheme to restrict sale of lose food items; (vii) Sensitize public about food-safety risks and possible way out for prevention by involvement of consumer organisations; (viii) Mandatory record keeping by implementation authorities for monitoring, effectiveness of law enforcement and food surveillance activities; and (ix) Encourage prescriptive based sale of controlled chemicals at registered places; (x) Set-up an exclusive committee to frame a set of good and hygienic practices for all activities undertaken in market of fruits and vegetables; (xi) Train and educate farmers on personal hygiene along with safe application of pesticides and efficient spray technology as an attempt to prevent co
{"title":"Food Safety Regulatory Compliance in India: A Challenge to Enhance Agri-businesses","authors":"Jairath, P. Purohit","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.206346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.206346","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper is an attempt to understand the level of food safety regulations in food businesses and its compliance in India to assess the prospects of food businesses under the surveillance of India’s new Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006. The study finds that in the second quarter of 2006, the country had witnessed a new initiative of enactment of the latest Act, ‘the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (No. 34 of 2006), under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare that integrates the existing eight of the food laws. It brings about one statute under a single apex regulatory authority known as Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). The study also highlights that food safety law is poorly implemented in the country specially in case of marketing of fruits and vegetables. The availability of modern infrastructure like scientific ripening chambers for fruits and vegetables has not been provided by the local Government even in modern markets. The lack of scientific ripening chambers to meet international safety standards in the modern market clearly indicates that even in the modern markets of India food safety issues appears to be neglected. It is suggested that there is a strong need to have (i) Special budget for building soft and hard infrastructure; (ii) Attract more Private-Public-People partnership to undertake awareness programmes, sensitisation and capacity building on risk communication in both perishables and non-perishables food items; (iii) Set up accredited network of laboratories with skilled manpower to conduct scientific testing for the primary perishable agricultural commodities; (iv) APMCs to ensure a premium payment for better quality graded produce to the farmers as an incentive to follow and innovate more of the food safety norms, while providing modern infrastructural facilities to both traders and farmers; and (v) Explore innovative models of management, for instance, the state government may consider pilot project to lease out the regulated market to private agri-businesses. The regulatory authorities in turn assume an advisory and regulatory role to make sure that safety norms in that market are as per the law and provide supporting infrastructure. Build Consumers’ Trust by (vi) Gradually introducing city-based scheme to restrict sale of lose food items; (vii) Sensitize public about food-safety risks and possible way out for prevention by involvement of consumer organisations; (viii) Mandatory record keeping by implementation authorities for monitoring, effectiveness of law enforcement and food surveillance activities; and (ix) Encourage prescriptive based sale of controlled chemicals at registered places; (x) Set-up an exclusive committee to frame a set of good and hygienic practices for all activities undertaken in market of fruits and vegetables; (xi) Train and educate farmers on personal hygiene along with safe application of pesticides and efficient spray technology as an attempt to prevent co","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122206510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study assesses the priorities for Indian agricultural research by regions and commodities. Using multi-criteria scoring approach, priorities for agricultural research have been assessed taking into consideration the developmental goals of growth, equity, sustainability and research capacity. Assessment of regional priorities have been suggested to give emphasis in allocation of resources to north-eastern, eastern, western, and hill states over their existing shares. States that see a drop in their share are in a relatively better economic condition than those who gain. Priority states for commodity groups such as cereals, oilseeds, pulses, fibres, sugarcane, horticulture, livestock, fisheries, and agro-forestry have been identified with their importance of resource allocation. By commodity or commodity group, livestock research demands one-third (33.9 per cent) of the total resources, followed by cereals (24.3 per cent), horticulture (11.7 per cent), oilseeds (6.5 per cent), fisheries (5.2 per cent), and pulses (3.1 per cent). A higher allocation of resources to livestock and horticultural research is necessary because of the rapid increasing demand for animal products and fruits and vegetables, and also of their pro-poor nature. A comparison between the proposed and the existing pattern of priority scores by states and commodity suggests reallocation of resources so as to reduce interregional and interpersonal disparities.
{"title":"Research Priorities for Faster, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth in Indian Agriculture","authors":"Sant Kumar, M. Maredia, Sonia Chauhan","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.206341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.206341","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assesses the priorities for Indian agricultural research by regions and commodities. Using multi-criteria scoring approach, priorities for agricultural research have been assessed taking into consideration the developmental goals of growth, equity, sustainability and research capacity. Assessment of regional priorities have been suggested to give emphasis in allocation of resources to north-eastern, eastern, western, and hill states over their existing shares. States that see a drop in their share are in a relatively better economic condition than those who gain. Priority states for commodity groups such as cereals, oilseeds, pulses, fibres, sugarcane, horticulture, livestock, fisheries, and agro-forestry have been identified with their importance of resource allocation. By commodity or commodity group, livestock research demands one-third (33.9 per cent) of the total resources, followed by cereals (24.3 per cent), horticulture (11.7 per cent), oilseeds (6.5 per cent), fisheries (5.2 per cent), and pulses (3.1 per cent). A higher allocation of resources to livestock and horticultural research is necessary because of the rapid increasing demand for animal products and fruits and vegetables, and also of their pro-poor nature. A comparison between the proposed and the existing pattern of priority scores by states and commodity suggests reallocation of resources so as to reduce interregional and interpersonal disparities.","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129726374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An agro-industry is an enterprise that processes bio-mass, i.e. agricultural raw materials, which include ground and tree crops as well as livestock and fisheries, to create edible or usable forms, improve storage and shelf life, create easily transportable forms, enhance nutritive value, and extract chemicals for other uses. As the products of agro-industries are both edible and non-edible, the agro-industries can be classified as agro-food insutries (or merely food processing industries) and agro-non-food industries. The agro-industry provides the crucial farm-industry linkage which helps accelerate agricultural development by creating backward linkages (supply of credit, inputs and other production enhancement services) and forward linkages (processing and marketing), adding value tot he farmer’s produce, generating employment opportunities, and increasing the farmer’s net income. This in turn motivates the farmer for better productivity and further opens up possibilities of industrial development. The agro-industry generates new demand on the farm sector for more and different agricultural outputs which are more suitable for processing. An agro-processing plant can open up new crop and livestock opportunities to the farmer and thus increase the farm income and employment. The paper identifies following major issues to be discussed and researched: 1. Organizational Patterns for Agro-Processing. 2. R&D Inputs and Technology Upgradation. 3. Market Development. 4. Need for Confessional Finance and Larger Margin Money for Working Capital. 5. Tax Incidence. 6. Linkage Agro-industry with Planning for Agro-Climate Regions. 7. Strengthening of the Data Base. 8. Need for Further Research.
{"title":"Agro-Processing Industries: Potential, Constraints and Task Ahead","authors":"S. Kant","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.272246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.272246","url":null,"abstract":"An agro-industry is an enterprise that processes bio-mass, i.e. agricultural raw materials, which include ground and tree crops as well as livestock and fisheries, to create edible or usable forms, improve storage and shelf life, create easily transportable forms, enhance nutritive value, and extract chemicals for other uses. As the products of agro-industries are both edible and non-edible, the agro-industries can be classified as agro-food insutries (or merely food processing industries) and agro-non-food industries. The agro-industry provides the crucial farm-industry linkage which helps accelerate agricultural development by creating backward linkages (supply of credit, inputs and other production enhancement services) and forward linkages (processing and marketing), adding value tot he farmer’s produce, generating employment opportunities, and increasing the farmer’s net income. This in turn motivates the farmer for better productivity and further opens up possibilities of industrial development. The agro-industry generates new demand on the farm sector for more and different agricultural outputs which are more suitable for processing. An agro-processing plant can open up new crop and livestock opportunities to the farmer and thus increase the farm income and employment. The paper identifies following major issues to be discussed and researched: 1. Organizational Patterns for Agro-Processing. 2. R&D Inputs and Technology Upgradation. 3. Market Development. 4. Need for Confessional Finance and Larger Margin Money for Working Capital. 5. Tax Incidence. 6. Linkage Agro-industry with Planning for Agro-Climate Regions. 7. Strengthening of the Data Base. 8. Need for Further Research.","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116431567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Systems of Output Supply and Factor Demand Equations for Semi-Arid Tropical India","authors":"S. Bapna, H. P. Binswanger, J. Quizon","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.270961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.270961","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128052674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reorientation of the Cropping Pattern on the Basis of Probabilistic Moisture Availability Index","authors":"B. Biswas, N. Khambete","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.269201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.269201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133133120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Introduction to the Principles of Agricultural Economics","authors":"R. Tuck","doi":"10.2307/2228712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2228712","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134273632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"Grow More Food\" Policy in India","authors":"V. Rao","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.230624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.230624","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1949-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131870119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial Pricing Efficiency in Groundnut Markets in Tamil Nadu","authors":"D. Jayaraj","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.274760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.274760","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124885959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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