{"title":"Rapporteur's Report on Distribution of Incomes in Rural Sector in India","authors":"V. Dandekar","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.230986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.230986","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130658370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examines the effective and efficient use of labour in Indian agriculture in the context of farm mechanisation. It explores the rationality of labour use in paddy production across states with the help of Stochastic Frontier Production Function analysis based on plot level data under the Cost of Cultivation Scheme during 2009-10. The study analyses the productivity, unit cost and farm income differentials and the variation in the extent of farm mechanisation and other inputs use in paddy production between and within states during 2004-05 to 2010-11. It also examines the impact of machine use on the production, productivity, cost and profitability in paddy production in India based on aggregated and disaggregated data. It is observed that there is no rational use of human labour in Indian agriculture (i.e., the present study rejects the hypothesis of equality between marginal productivity of labour and average wage rate). Machine use in agricultural production plays an important role in the increase in productivity and reduction of unit cost of production resulting profitable making farming viable in India. There is a great variation in the degree of farm mechanisation across Indian states but there is a good indication that inequality in input use and the variation in access to modern agricultural technology has decreased among the states during post-WTO period.
{"title":"Farm Mechanisation and Rationality of Labour Use in Indian Agriculture: A Frontier Analysis of Cost of Cultivation Data","authors":"D. Basu, A. Nandi","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.229837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.229837","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the effective and efficient use of labour in Indian agriculture in the context of farm mechanisation. It explores the rationality of labour use in paddy production across states with the help of Stochastic Frontier Production Function analysis based on plot level data under the Cost of Cultivation Scheme during 2009-10. The study analyses the productivity, unit cost and farm income differentials and the variation in the extent of farm mechanisation and other inputs use in paddy production between and within states during 2004-05 to 2010-11. It also examines the impact of machine use on the production, productivity, cost and profitability in paddy production in India based on aggregated and disaggregated data. It is observed that there is no rational use of human labour in Indian agriculture (i.e., the present study rejects the hypothesis of equality between marginal productivity of labour and average wage rate). Machine use in agricultural production plays an important role in the increase in productivity and reduction of unit cost of production resulting profitable making farming viable in India. There is a great variation in the degree of farm mechanisation across Indian states but there is a good indication that inequality in input use and the variation in access to modern agricultural technology has decreased among the states during post-WTO period.","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115612974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Nagaraj, M. Bantilan, A. A. Kumar, S. Rajan, R. Anusha, S. Haldar
The semi-arid tropics (SAT) are characterised by their poor natural resource base, high day temperatures, high evapo-transpiration, poor market linkages, low returns, risk bearing ability and repayment capacities. These areas shelter 75 per cent of the poor and accordingly deserve prime attention from the technologists and policy makers. This paper highlights the impacts of the innovative HOPE (Harnessing Opportunities for Productivity Enhancement of Dry Land Cereals) project of ICRISAT in addressing the poverty and related issues in the SAT states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana and Maharashtra. With key technological and institutional interventions the project has provided fillip to the integrated farming system characterised by the time tested crop-livestock combination in Maharashtra, and pearl millet-buffaloes combination in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Haryana. Thus, with diffusion of innovations, provision of quality seeds, efficient input delivery and market linkage, more than 75 per cent of the farmers benefitted through bridging the productivity gaps and thereby enhanced incomes in both crop and livestock sectors. The welfare gains accrued to the farming community are evident due to cost effective technologies in harsh agro climatic conditions. These have nullified the vicious circle of poverty through effective and appropriate institutional interventions and infrastructure tailor made for semi-arid areas. It is crucial that the sorghum and pearl millet sector be supported by strong governmental policies and programmes, for food, fodder and better nutrition through value addition and demand creation, as they are the prime crops supporting food and fodder in dry land areas.
{"title":"Technological and Institutional Interventions in Enhancing Livelihood of Farmers in Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT) Areas: Experience of ICRISAT-HOPE Project","authors":"N. Nagaraj, M. Bantilan, A. A. Kumar, S. Rajan, R. Anusha, S. Haldar","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.206337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.206337","url":null,"abstract":"The semi-arid tropics (SAT) are characterised by their poor natural resource base, high day temperatures, high evapo-transpiration, poor market linkages, low returns, risk bearing ability and repayment capacities. These areas shelter 75 per cent of the poor and accordingly deserve prime attention from the technologists and policy makers. This paper highlights the impacts of the innovative HOPE (Harnessing Opportunities for Productivity Enhancement of Dry Land Cereals) project of ICRISAT in addressing the poverty and related issues in the SAT states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana and Maharashtra. With key technological and institutional interventions the project has provided fillip to the integrated farming system characterised by the time tested crop-livestock combination in Maharashtra, and pearl millet-buffaloes combination in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Haryana. Thus, with diffusion of innovations, provision of quality seeds, efficient input delivery and market linkage, more than 75 per cent of the farmers benefitted through bridging the productivity gaps and thereby enhanced incomes in both crop and livestock sectors. The welfare gains accrued to the farming community are evident due to cost effective technologies in harsh agro climatic conditions. These have nullified the vicious circle of poverty through effective and appropriate institutional interventions and infrastructure tailor made for semi-arid areas. It is crucial that the sorghum and pearl millet sector be supported by strong governmental policies and programmes, for food, fodder and better nutrition through value addition and demand creation, as they are the prime crops supporting food and fodder in dry land areas.","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123720019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orissa presents a paradoxical picture of poverty amidst plenty. Despite being endowed with vast natural resources such as long coastal line, fertile green coastal plains, rivers, forest resources, and mineral resources such as iron ore, bauxite ore, limestone, the state continues to be a backward state. A comparative analysis of interstate poverty ratio shows that 47.2 per cent of the state’s population lives below the poverty line in 2001-02, which is the highest in India (all India average being 26.1 per cent). Even in terms of human development index (HDI), the state lags behind many other states. As per the National Human Development Report (2001), it secures 11th rank among the major fifteen states. To add to the problems of the poorer sections of population, the state is not only frequently marred by natural calamities like flood, drought, and cyclone, but also has experienced distorted growth trends both in industry and agriculture. In our earlier study, it was shown that both agriculture and industry had undergone negative growth rate during the 1990s (Rath and Jena, 2003). While the coastal area suffers from the ravages of flood and cyclone, the western part of the state is subjected to the vagaries of drought conditions, which further widens the regional disparities. Therefore, the matters of concern for the state economy are: how to abate poverty, and how to accelerate its growth process, so that it can rank on par with other major states. In order to accelerate the growth process, the issues that need investigation are: why did agriculture attain negative growth rate during the Ninth Plan period, why was industry growth rate stagnant, and can the emerging tertiary sector reduce pressure of employment in the agriculture sector? However, among all these issues, in this paper we have examined the various facets dealing with the negative growth rate of the agriculture sector. With a view to suggest some remedial measures for the declining agriculture sector, an attempt is made to identify the drivers of the sector.
{"title":"Growth Determinants of Orissa and their Implications for Future Development of the State","authors":"Binayak Rath, P. Jena","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.204457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.204457","url":null,"abstract":"Orissa presents a paradoxical picture of poverty amidst plenty. Despite being endowed with vast natural resources such as long coastal line, fertile green coastal plains, rivers, forest resources, and mineral resources such as iron ore, bauxite ore, limestone, the state continues to be a backward state. A comparative analysis of interstate poverty ratio shows that 47.2 per cent of the state’s population lives below the poverty line in 2001-02, which is the highest in India (all India average being 26.1 per cent). Even in terms of human development index (HDI), the state lags behind many other states. As per the National Human Development Report (2001), it secures 11th rank among the major fifteen states. To add to the problems of the poorer sections of population, the state is not only frequently marred by natural calamities like flood, drought, and cyclone, but also has experienced distorted growth trends both in industry and agriculture. In our earlier study, it was shown that both agriculture and industry had undergone negative growth rate during the 1990s (Rath and Jena, 2003). While the coastal area suffers from the ravages of flood and cyclone, the western part of the state is subjected to the vagaries of drought conditions, which further widens the regional disparities. Therefore, the matters of concern for the state economy are: how to abate poverty, and how to accelerate its growth process, so that it can rank on par with other major states. In order to accelerate the growth process, the issues that need investigation are: why did agriculture attain negative growth rate during the Ninth Plan period, why was industry growth rate stagnant, and can the emerging tertiary sector reduce pressure of employment in the agriculture sector? However, among all these issues, in this paper we have examined the various facets dealing with the negative growth rate of the agriculture sector. With a view to suggest some remedial measures for the declining agriculture sector, an attempt is made to identify the drivers of the sector.","PeriodicalId":273401,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of agricultural economics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126155152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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