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Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society最新文献

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Editors' note: On rent extraction in academic publishing and its alternatives 编者按:论学术出版的租金抽取及其替代方案
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.30676/jfas.127230
T. Tammisto, Heikki Wilenius
In this editorial we introduce new members of our editorial team and the contents of this issue. In addition we discuss open access developments of the journal, namely our new license policy, which allows authors to choose a Creative Common license that best suits their needs or the requirements of their funders. This change in licenses makes our journal also compliant with the Plan S programme, which several large European research funders have signed, in order to promote open access publishing. We support such initiatives, but note that they are designed mainly to push large commercial publishers to publish publicly funded research in open access. While the Plan S is a welcome program, commercial for-profit publishers charge exorbitant charges for open access, usually paid for by the researchers' institutions. We note that these charges are a form of rent extraction, which produces little added value, as the commercial publishers rely on the free labor of researchers and publicly funded research to fill their journals' pages. More so, due to these charges the public ends up paying again for the research it funded in the first place. We argue that public support for both institutional and independent non-profit open access publishing is a socially more just and sustainable model.
在这篇社论中,我们介绍了我们的编辑团队的新成员和这期的内容。此外,我们还讨论了期刊开放获取的发展,即我们的新许可政策,它允许作者选择最适合他们需要或资助者要求的创用通用许可。许可证的这一变化使我们的期刊也符合计划S计划,为了促进开放获取出版,几个大型欧洲研究资助机构已经签署了该计划。我们支持这样的倡议,但注意到它们主要是为了推动大型商业出版商以开放获取的方式发表公共资助的研究。虽然S计划是一个受欢迎的项目,但商业营利性出版商对开放获取收取过高的费用,通常由研究人员所在的机构支付。我们注意到,这些收费是一种榨取租金的形式,它产生的附加值很少,因为商业出版商依靠研究人员的免费劳动和公共资助的研究来填充他们的期刊页面。更重要的是,由于这些费用,公众最终会再次为他们最初资助的研究买单。我们认为公众对机构和独立的非营利性开放获取出版的支持是一种社会上更公正和可持续的模式。
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引用次数: 0
Articulations of power: Guns on campus and the protests against them 权力的表达:校园里的枪支和对枪支的抗议
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.30676/jfas.98628
Albion Butters
When carrying concealed handguns on campus was legalised at The University of Texas (UT) at Austin in 2015, students and faculty positioned themselves in relation to the new law in very different ways, ranging from large demonstrations and the use of various types of rhetoric to non-vocal representations and deliberate silence. This essay examines an important transitional moment in the educational environment by focusing on the respective relationships and modes of expression—or articulations—of the affected parties regarding the issue of firearms on university premises, as these reflected opposing camps within the academic community. Drawing on interviews and quantitative research, and proposing a novel theoretical frame to understand the complex subject of guns, this essay examines the polemics, polarisation, and power dynamics around Campus Carry at UT Austin.
2015年,当德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校允许在校园里携带隐蔽手枪时,学生和教师以截然不同的方式对新法律进行了定位,从大规模示威和使用各种修辞,到无声的表达和故意沉默。本文通过关注受影响各方在大学校园枪支问题上各自的关系和表达方式(或发音方式),考察了教育环境中的一个重要过渡时刻,因为这些反映了学术界内部的对立阵营。通过访谈和定量研究,并提出一个新的理论框架来理解枪支的复杂主题,本文研究了德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校校园携带的争论、两极分化和权力动态。
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引用次数: 0
Lounela, Anu, Berglund, Eeva and Kallinen Timo (eds) 2019. Dwelling in Political Landscapes. Contemporary Anthropological Perspectives Lounela, Anu, Berglund, Eeva和Kallinen Timo(编)2019。居住在政治景观中。当代人类学视角
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.30676/jfas.127234
Aila Mustamo
Lounela, Anu, Berglund, Eeva and Kallinen Timo (eds) 2019. Dwelling in Political Landscapes. Contemporary Anthropological Perspectives. Helsinki: SKS. Studia Fennica Anthropologica 4. 293 p. ISBN 978-951-858-087-7 (Print), ISBN 978-951-858-114-0 (PDF) ISBN 978-951-858-113-3 (EPUB). https://doi.org/10.21435/sfa.4.
Lounela, Anu, Berglund, Eeva and Kallinen Timo (eds) 2019.居住在政治景观中。当代人类学视角》。赫尔辛基:赫尔辛基:SKS。293 p. ISBN 978-951-858-087-7 (Print), ISBN 978-951-858-114-0 (PDF) ISBN 978-951-858-113-3 (EPUB). https://doi.org/10.21435/sfa.4.
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引用次数: 0
Lectio praecursoria. Weeds of Sociality: Reforms and Dynamics of Social Relations at the University of Helsink Lectio praecursoria。社会性的杂草:赫尔辛克大学社会关系的改革和动态
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.30676/jfas.127232
Sonja Trifuljesko
A lectio præcursoria is a short presentation read out loud by a doctoral candidate at the start of a public thesis examination in Finland. It introduces the key points or central argument of the thesis in a way that should make the ensuing discussion between the examinee and the examiner apprehensible to the audience, many of whom may be unfamiliar with the candidate’s research or even anthropological research in general.
在芬兰,博士候选人在公开论文考试开始时大声朗读一段简短的演讲。它以一种应该使考生和考官之间随后的讨论能够被观众理解的方式介绍论文的关键点或中心论点,其中许多人可能不熟悉考生的研究,甚至一般的人类学研究。
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引用次数: 0
Religious rules and thick description: some thoughts from the anthropology of Islam 宗教规则与厚重描述:来自伊斯兰人类学的一些思考
Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.30676/jfas.115500
Morgan Clarke
The recent anthropology of ethics has sought to look beyond rules to themes such as the cultivation of the virtuous self.  Anthropology generally has grown impatient with what Bourdieu called ‘the fallacies of the rule’ as a key term for describing the social. But rules remain a crucial dimension of ethical practice in many contexts, including religious ones. This article focuses on British Muslim conceptions and practice of the religious rules of Islam in order to highlight the complexity,  diversity, and subtlety of everyday practices of rule-following. Sticking to the rules, even in the non-Muslim majority setting of the UK, is important to many, although what it means to follow the rules and how to do so are not always straightforward. By going beyond stereotypes of ‘mere’ ‘rigid’ rules, blindly followed or boldly evaded, I demonstrate both the necessity and the possibility of a thicker description of religious rules.Keywords: Rules; piety; ethics; morality; Islam; Shia; sharia
最近的伦理学人类学试图超越规则,关注道德自我的培养等主题。人类学普遍对布迪厄所说的“规则谬误”(the fallacies of the rule)作为描述社会的关键术语感到不耐烦。但在许多情况下,规则仍然是道德实践的一个重要方面,包括宗教情况。本文主要关注英国穆斯林对伊斯兰教宗教规则的观念和实践,以突出日常规则遵循实践的复杂性,多样性和微妙性。即使在非穆斯林占多数的英国,遵守规则对许多人来说也很重要,尽管遵守规则意味着什么以及如何做到这一点并不总是直截了当的。通过超越“纯粹的”“严格的”规则的刻板印象,盲目地遵循或大胆地逃避,我展示了对宗教规则进行更深入描述的必要性和可能性。关键词:规则;虔诚的;道德规范;道德;伊斯兰教;什叶派;伊斯兰教法
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引用次数: 0
‘Thou shalt not worship idols’ "不可拜偶像"
Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.30676/jfas.116234
Timo Kallinen
Classic ethnographic studies focusing on traditional chieftaincy in Ghana, West Africa, have revolved around issues such as succession rules, installation rituals, or competition for positions of power. However, becoming and being a chief in a predominantly Christian society, like present-day Ghana, has raised new kinds of concerns. Many churches, particularly those that belong to the Pentecostal-charismatic movement, reject traditional ritual life aimed at ancestors and other kinds of spirits as immoral. Since chiefs are fundamentally ritual leaders, who perform sacrifices on behalf of their communities, chieftaincy has assumed an increasingly negative character in Pentecostal discourses. In them chieftaincy is often equated with ‘idol worship’ and thus in direct conflict with the Ten Commandments. Ethical rules of ‘world religions’, such as the Ten Commandments, transcend particularity and their strength is based on an impression that they are applicable everywhere. As pointed out by Webb Keane, this requires mediation work that makes the rules transportable and gives them a potential to be re-contextualized in different places. The article looks at how different interpretations of religious rules are used by Ghanaian Christians and chiefs when debating the in/compatibility of traditional chieftaincy with Christianity. These debates are understood as a part of a process of historical and cultural recontextualization, that is, determining what the commandments mean in the particular time and place that they inhabit.
关注西非加纳传统酋长制度的经典人种学研究,一直围绕着诸如继承规则、就职仪式或权力职位竞争等问题展开。然而,在一个以基督教为主的社会,如今天的加纳,成为和成为酋长,引发了新的担忧。许多教会,特别是那些属于五旬节派魅力运动的教会,拒绝以祖先和其他精神为目标的传统仪式生活,认为这是不道德的。由于酋长基本上是仪式领袖,他们代表他们的社区进行牺牲,酋长在五旬节派的话语中呈现出越来越消极的特征。在他们的领导地位往往等同于“偶像崇拜”,因此与十诫直接冲突。“世界宗教”的道德准则,如十诫,超越了特殊性,它们的力量是基于一种印象,即它们适用于任何地方。正如Webb Keane所指出的,这需要中介工作,使规则具有可移植性,并使它们有可能在不同的地方被重新语境化。本文检视迦纳基督徒与酋长在讨论传统酋长与基督教是否相容时,如何使用不同的宗教规则解释。这些争论被理解为历史和文化重新语境化过程的一部分,也就是说,确定诫命在它们所处的特定时间和地点意味着什么。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to the special issue 特刊简介
Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.30676/jfas.124754
Henni Alava, Morgan Clarke, A. Gusman
Rules are a crucial part of much religious thought and practice. Their importance or insignificance, their strictness or laxness, and their rigidity or flexibility in the face of change are constant themes of debate, both within and outside religious communities. Yet they have arguably not been given the attention they deserve within recent anthropology. Since the rise of practice theory, rules have more often been considered something to look past in the search for agency. Where the new anthropology of ethics has addressed religious orthopraxy, it has largely been through the lens of the cultivation of virtuous  self, or the ways in which moral rules may become especially salient in extraordinary circumstances, such as moments of radical cultural transformation. But religious rules are not just a function of ethical crisis or virtuoso projects of the self. They are also a taken-for-granted part of everyday life for millions of people worldwide. In this introduction and the case studies that follow, we thus aim to move beyond current perspectives, reflecting on both the nature of religious rules themselves and the ways in which they are negotiated in believers’ everyday lives.Keywords: Rules; anthropology; religion; ethics
规则是许多宗教思想和实践的重要组成部分。它们的重要性或不重要性,它们的严格或松散,以及它们在面对变化时的刚性或灵活性,是宗教团体内外不断争论的主题。然而,在最近的人类学中,它们却没有得到应有的重视。自从实践理论兴起以来,规则更多地被认为是在寻找代理时可以回顾过去的东西。新伦理学人类学在处理宗教正畸问题时,主要是通过道德自我的培养,或者道德规则在特殊情况下可能变得特别突出的方式,比如激进的文化转型时刻。但是,宗教规则不仅仅是道德危机或自我艺术项目的功能。对于全世界数百万人来说,它们也是日常生活中理所当然的一部分。因此,在本引言和随后的案例研究中,我们的目标是超越当前的观点,反思宗教规则本身的本质以及宗教规则在信徒日常生活中的协商方式。关键词:规则;人类学;宗教;道德
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引用次数: 0
Response 响应
Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.30676/jfas.124761
J. Robbins
I am grateful to the editors of Suomen antropologi for inviting two such engaged and stimulating responses to Theology and the Anthropology of Christian Life, and to Minna Opas and Mika Vähäkangas for writing them. For a work that has been interdisciplinary from its inception—initially written by an anthropologist as a set of lectures to be delivered to an audience of academic theologians—it is hard to imagine a better pair of respondents. Both Opas and Vähäkangas are gifted ethnographers who know anthropology well, but at the same time they come to the book, respectively, from the study of religion and from theology. This gives these comments a welcome parallax view on the anthropology/theology relationship. As Opas and Vähäkangas both note, the dialogue between these two disciplines has been quite active lately, and their insightful responses raise important issues for that discussion.
我要感谢《Suomen anthropologi》的编辑们邀请两位读者对《神学》和《基督徒生活人类学》做出如此引人入胜的回应,感谢Minna Opas和Mika Vähäkangas撰写了这两篇文章。对于一本从一开始就是跨学科的著作——最初是由一位人类学家写的,作为给学术神学家听众的一套讲座——很难想象有比这更好的一对回应者了。欧帕斯和Vähäkangas都是很有天赋的人种学家,他们对人类学非常了解,但同时他们也分别从宗教和神学的研究中得出了这本书。这给这些评论提供了一个受欢迎的关于人类学/神学关系的视差观点。正如Opas和Vähäkangas都指出的那样,这两个学科之间的对话最近非常活跃,他们富有洞察力的回应为这一讨论提出了重要问题。
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引用次数: 0
Bending, Breaking and Adhering to Rules of Contemporary Jewish Practice in Finland 芬兰当代犹太人习俗的弯曲、打破和坚持
Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.30676/jfas.115509
R. Illman, M. Czimbalmos, Dóra Pataricza
This article draws on an ongoing research project that seeks to document ethnographically everyday Jewish life in Finland today. Based on the framework of vernacular religion, it approaches religion “as it is lived” (Primiano 1995) and analyses the many expressions and experiences of rules in day-to-day Jewish life as part of complex interactions between individuals, institutions, and religious motivations. Historical data, institutional structures and cultural context are put in dialogue with individual narratives and nuances, described as “self-motivated” ways of “doing” religion. In this article, we seek to investigate what a vernacular Jewish approach to making, bending, and breaking rules amounts to in a community where increasing diversity and deep-reaching secularity contest and reshape traditional boundaries of belonging. What rules are accepted, adopted and appropriated as necessary or meaningful for being and doing Jewish? Our analysis traces how static values and conceptions of “Jewishness” give way to more flexible subjective positions as our interviewees struggle to find religiously and culturally significant models from the past that can be subjectively appropriated today. Both everyday quandaries and existential questions influence their ways of crafting vernacular religious positions. Focusing on formal and personal rituals related particularly to family life and foodways, the article shows how rules are revisited and refashioned as the traditional boundaries between sacred and secular, gendered practices and ethnic customs, are transgressed and subjective combinations are developed. Keywords: vernacular Judaism; Jews in Finland; ethnography; religion and rule; kashrut; Jewish family life; Jewish rituals
本文借鉴了一个正在进行的研究项目,旨在记录民族志犹太人的日常生活在芬兰今天。基于本土宗教的框架,它将宗教“视为生活”(普里马诺,1995),并分析了犹太人日常生活中规则的许多表达和经验,作为个人、机构和宗教动机之间复杂互动的一部分。历史数据、制度结构和文化背景与个人叙述和细微差别进行对话,被描述为“自我激励”的“做”宗教的方式。在这篇文章中,我们试图调查在一个日益增长的多样性和深刻的世俗性竞争和重塑传统归属界限的社区中,犹太人的本土方法是如何制定、弯曲和打破规则的。作为犹太人,什么样的规则是被接受、采纳和挪用的,是必要的或有意义的?我们的分析追踪了静态的价值观和“犹太性”概念是如何让位于更灵活的主观立场的,因为我们的受访者努力寻找过去的宗教和文化上有意义的模式,可以主观地利用今天。日常困境和存在主义问题都影响了他们塑造本土宗教立场的方式。这篇文章聚焦于与家庭生活和饮食方式相关的正式和个人仪式,展示了随着神圣与世俗、性别惯例和民族习俗之间的传统界限被打破,以及主观结合的发展,规则是如何被重新审视和重塑的。关键词:乡土犹太教;芬兰的犹太人;民族志;宗教和统治;犹太教规;犹太人的家庭生活;犹太宗教仪式
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引用次数: 0
Judging from the Inside 从内心判断
Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.30676/jfas.124759
Mika Vähäkangas
Recent years have seen three monographs (and some anthologies) dealing with the relationship between theology or faith and sociocultural anthropology (referred to simply as “anthropology” from here onwards). Larsen’s Slain God (2014) analyses how early British anthropologists had a personal relationship with matters of faith while Furani’s Redeeming Anthropology (2019) agonises the hegemony of Enlightenment secularism in anthropology. What is common to these texts is that they do not differentiate between theological argumentation or theology as an academic discipline and personal faith. Joel Robbins’ latest book, Theology and the Anthropology of Christian Life (2020), recognises this difference, which is why, as a theological don of a non-confessional government-run university, I can recognise myself reflected in it. One of the reasons for Robbins’s ability to distinguish between the two may stem from his childhood experience concerning a rabbi who did not consider it absolutely necessary for proper execution of his work to be a believer, while many others probably would have (Robbins 2020: xii). The context of an academic theologian is the same: I may not consider that personal faith is a sine qua non of academic theology while some others certainly do.
近年来,有三本专著(和一些选集)涉及神学或信仰与社会文化人类学(从这里起简称为“人类学”)之间的关系。拉森的《被杀的上帝》(2014)分析了早期英国人类学家如何与信仰问题建立个人关系,而弗拉尼的《救赎的人类学》(2019)则对启蒙运动世俗主义在人类学中的霸权感到痛苦。这些文本的共同之处在于,它们没有区分神学论证或作为学术学科的神学和个人信仰。乔尔·罗宾斯(Joel Robbins)的新书《神学与基督徒生活的人类学》(神学与人类学,2020年出版)认识到了这种差异,这就是为什么作为一所非忏悔性政府管理大学的神学教师,我可以在书中看到自己的影子。罗宾斯能够区分这两者的原因之一可能源于他童年的经历,当时有一位拉比认为,要正确执行他的工作,信徒并不是绝对必要的,而其他许多人可能会(罗宾斯2020:xii)。学术神学家的背景也是如此:我可能不认为个人信仰是学术神学的必要条件,而其他人肯定会这样认为。
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引用次数: 0
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Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society
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