Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.11606/2176-7793/2022.53.02
Dante Martins Teixeira
Ativo no terceiro quartel do século XVI, Simon de Myle constitui um verdadeiro enigma, pois sua vida e carreira permanecem totalmente desconhecidas até os dias de hoje. A “Arca de Noé sobre o Monte Ararat” é seu único quadro assinado e datado ("Simone de Myle inventor et fecit 1570"), figurando o desembarque dos animais após o dilúvio. Levando em conta mesmo as representações demasiado precárias, essa composição inclui nada menos de 228 monstros, voláteis e quadrúpedes, isso sem considerar as carcaças e as espécies aquáticas deixadas para trás com o recuo das águas. Entre as fontes iconográficas utilizadas destacam-se vários tomos da “Historia Animalium” de Conrad Gesner, além da “Warachtighe Fabulen der Dieren” de Marcus Gheeraerts. Ao contrário de outras pinturas quinhentistas acerca do mesmo tema, essa “Arca de Noé” retrata um número inesperado de animais do Novo Mundo, elenco composto por dois mamíferos, pelo menos três aves e dois “seres prodígiosos”. Nesse particular, o quadro de Simon de Myle inadvertidamente evoca as dúvidas sobre a verossimilhança da passagem bíblica relativa à Arca de Noé, reflexo da descoberta de um número cada vez maior de espécies zoológicas em terras distantes. Colocada já em 1502 por Amerigo Vespucci, essa questão atravessaria os séculos XVI e XVII, levando autores como Joseph de Acosta (1590) e Athanasius Kircher (1675) a buscar uma improvável conciliação entre a realidade factual observada no outro lado do oceano e a verdade revelada contida no livro do Gênesis.
西蒙·德·迈尔活跃于16世纪的第三季度，他的生活和事业直到今天仍然完全不为人知，这是一个真正的谜。“亚拉瑞特山上的诺亚方舟”是他唯一一幅有签名和日期的画(“西蒙娜·德·梅尔的发明者和fecit 1570”)，描绘了洪水后动物的登陆。即使考虑到过于不稳定的表现，这幅作品也包括不少于228只不稳定的四足动物，这还不包括尸体和水生物种。在使用的肖像资料中，有康拉德·格斯纳(Conrad Gesner)的《动物历史》(history of Animalium)的几卷，以及马库斯·盖拉尔茨(Marcus Gheeraerts)的《迪伦的寓言》(Warachtighe Fabulen der Dieren)。与16世纪其他关于同一主题的画作不同，这幅《诺亚方舟》描绘了数量惊人的新世界动物，包括两种哺乳动物、至少三种鸟类和两种“神奇的生物”。在这方面，西蒙·德·迈尔斯的画作无意中唤起了人们对《圣经》中关于诺亚方舟的段落的真实性的怀疑，这反映了在遥远的土地上发现了越来越多的动物物种。早在1502年，亚美利哥·韦斯普奇(Amerigo Vespucci)就提出了这个问题，这个问题跨越了16和17世纪，导致约瑟夫·德·阿科斯塔(Joseph de Acosta, 1590)和亚大纳修斯·科彻(Athanasius Kircher, 1675)等作家寻求在大海对岸观察到的事实现实和《创世纪》中揭示的真相之间不太可能的和解。
{"title":"Os animais do novo mundo figurados na “Arca de Noé sobre o Monte Ararat” de Simon de Myle (1570): um estudo das fontes iconográficas","authors":"Dante Martins Teixeira","doi":"10.11606/2176-7793/2022.53.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/2176-7793/2022.53.02","url":null,"abstract":"Ativo no terceiro quartel do século XVI, Simon de Myle constitui um verdadeiro enigma, pois sua vida e carreira permanecem totalmente desconhecidas até os dias de hoje. A “Arca de Noé sobre o Monte Ararat” é seu único quadro assinado e datado (\"Simone de Myle inventor et fecit 1570\"), figurando o desembarque dos animais após o dilúvio. Levando em conta mesmo as representações demasiado precárias, essa composição inclui nada menos de 228 monstros, voláteis e quadrúpedes, isso sem considerar as carcaças e as espécies aquáticas deixadas para trás com o recuo das águas. Entre as fontes iconográficas utilizadas destacam-se vários tomos da “Historia Animalium” de Conrad Gesner, além da “Warachtighe Fabulen der Dieren” de Marcus Gheeraerts. Ao contrário de outras pinturas quinhentistas acerca do mesmo tema, essa “Arca de Noé” retrata um número inesperado de animais do Novo Mundo, elenco composto por dois mamíferos, pelo menos três aves e dois “seres prodígiosos”. Nesse particular, o quadro de Simon de Myle inadvertidamente evoca as dúvidas sobre a verossimilhança da passagem bíblica relativa à Arca de Noé, reflexo da descoberta de um número cada vez maior de espécies zoológicas em terras distantes. Colocada já em 1502 por Amerigo Vespucci, essa questão atravessaria os séculos XVI e XVII, levando autores como Joseph de Acosta (1590) e Athanasius Kircher (1675) a buscar uma improvável conciliação entre a realidade factual observada no outro lado do oceano e a verdade revelada contida no livro do Gênesis.","PeriodicalId":274949,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Zoologia","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117165912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.04
C. E. Pinheiro, Millena Castro Ribeiro, R. D. Xerez
Here we show a list of 103 butterflies (Papilionoidea) found at Ilha Grande and Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. To our knowledge, this is the first butterfly inventory conducted in these islands. The species richness, the collecting methods utilized, endemism, and the mimicry rings found in the islands are discussed. Moreover, we emphasize the importance and the utilization of butterflies as suitable models to assess community ecology patterns.
{"title":"103 butterflies (Papilionoidea) from Ilha Grande and Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","authors":"C. E. Pinheiro, Millena Castro Ribeiro, R. D. Xerez","doi":"10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.04","url":null,"abstract":"Here we show a list of 103 butterflies (Papilionoidea) found at Ilha Grande and Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. To our knowledge, this is the first butterfly inventory conducted in these islands. The species richness, the collecting methods utilized, endemism, and the mimicry rings found in the islands are discussed. Moreover, we emphasize the importance and the utilization of butterflies as suitable models to assess community ecology patterns.","PeriodicalId":274949,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Zoologia","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116921272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.03
Fernanda dos Santos Silva, L. Simone, R. Salvador
The terrestrial and freshwater malacofauna of southern Bahia is little known, especially in comparison to the well-studied eastern portion of the state covered by remnants of Atlantic Forest. We present here a synopsis of all gastropod species known from the central southern region of Bahia state, known as ‘Centro-Sul Baiano’, focusing on four municipalities: Condeúba, Cordeiros, Mortugaba, and Piripá. The list herein contains data from the literature, historical material deposited in museum collections, and two recent expeditions undertaken in the region. The survey resulted in 21 species of gastropods, with nearly 700 voucher specimens (mostly freshwater) deposited in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil). Circa 30% of the species are non-indigenous; previously, the only known exotic in the region was Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774). The family Achatinidae was the most diverse group in number of native species, while the typically diverse superfamily Orthalicoidea was represented by only two species.
{"title":"Synopsis of the terrestrial and freshwater gastropod fauna of southern Bahia, Brazil","authors":"Fernanda dos Santos Silva, L. Simone, R. Salvador","doi":"10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.03","url":null,"abstract":"The terrestrial and freshwater malacofauna of southern Bahia is little known, especially in comparison to the well-studied eastern portion of the state covered by remnants of Atlantic Forest. We present here a synopsis of all gastropod species known from the central southern region of Bahia state, known as ‘Centro-Sul Baiano’, focusing on four municipalities: Condeúba, Cordeiros, Mortugaba, and Piripá. The list herein contains data from the literature, historical material deposited in museum collections, and two recent expeditions undertaken in the region. The survey resulted in 21 species of gastropods, with nearly 700 voucher specimens (mostly freshwater) deposited in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil). Circa 30% of the species are non-indigenous; previously, the only known exotic in the region was Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774). The family Achatinidae was the most diverse group in number of native species, while the typically diverse superfamily Orthalicoidea was represented by only two species.","PeriodicalId":274949,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Zoologia","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121657987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.05
Dante Martins Teixeira
Para os autores contemporâneos, as aves-do-paraíso (Passeriformes, Paradisaeidae) só teriam chegado à Europa em 6 de setembro de 1522, data de ancoragem em San Lúcar de Barrameda do único navio remanescente da esquadra de Fernão de Magalhães. Por conseguinte, parece ter passado totalmente despercebido que o mercador florentino Giovanni da Empoli desembarcou em Lisboa com um desses pássaros no dia 22 de agosto de 1514 – de fato oito anos antes. Descrita por Empoli em uma carta autografada composta na capital portuguesa a 19 de outubro de 1514, essa ave-do-paraíso fora adquirida em Malaca e seria enviada como presente para Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, que assumira o trono pontifício em 9 de março de 1513 como Leão X. O mesmo documento relata que o rei Dom Manuel também possuía uma ave-do-paraíso, sinal de que esses pássaros talvez já participassem do comércio de animais exóticos e seus produtos conduzido pelos portugueses pouco depois da viagem de Vasco da Gama. De qualquer forma, tal descoberta abre espaço para uma inesperada revisão da trajetória das aves-do-paraíso na Europa e fomenta a busca de novas fontes textuais e iconográficas.
根据当代作家的说法，极乐鸟(雀鸟，天堂鸟科)直到1522年9月6日才到达欧洲，这一天是麦哲伦舰队唯一幸存的船只在圣卢卡尔德巴拉米达抛锚的日子。因此，佛罗伦萨商人乔瓦尼·达·恩波利(Giovanni da Empoli)在1514年8月22日(实际上是8年前)带着一只鸟在里斯本登陆，这似乎完全没有引起人们的注意。恩波利亲笔签名的信中所写在葡萄牙首都1514年10月19日,这只鸟的天堂在马六甲了,被视为这个乔凡尼迪洛伦佐·美第奇(主教在1513年3月9日的王位狮子x同一文档中国王的礼物曼纽尔也拥有鸟的天堂,这表明，在瓦斯科·达·伽马航行后不久，葡萄牙人就已经参与了外来动物及其产品的贸易。然而，这一发现为对欧洲极乐鸟轨迹的意外回顾开辟了空间，并鼓励寻找新的文本和肖像来源。
{"title":"Giovanni da Empoli (1483-1518): um mercador florentino na Ásia portuguesa e as primeiras aves-do-paraíso vistas na Europa","authors":"Dante Martins Teixeira","doi":"10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.05","url":null,"abstract":"Para os autores contemporâneos, as aves-do-paraíso (Passeriformes, Paradisaeidae) só teriam chegado à Europa em 6 de setembro de 1522, data de ancoragem em San Lúcar de Barrameda do único navio remanescente da esquadra de Fernão de Magalhães. Por conseguinte, parece ter passado totalmente despercebido que o mercador florentino Giovanni da Empoli desembarcou em Lisboa com um desses pássaros no dia 22 de agosto de 1514 – de fato oito anos antes. Descrita por Empoli em uma carta autografada composta na capital portuguesa a 19 de outubro de 1514, essa ave-do-paraíso fora adquirida em Malaca e seria enviada como presente para Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, que assumira o trono pontifício em 9 de março de 1513 como Leão X. O mesmo documento relata que o rei Dom Manuel também possuía uma ave-do-paraíso, sinal de que esses pássaros talvez já participassem do comércio de animais exóticos e seus produtos conduzido pelos portugueses pouco depois da viagem de Vasco da Gama. De qualquer forma, tal descoberta abre espaço para uma inesperada revisão da trajetória das aves-do-paraíso na Europa e fomenta a busca de novas fontes textuais e iconográficas.","PeriodicalId":274949,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Zoologia","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129436152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.02
L. S. Lobo, O. Grillo, S. Azevedo
The COVID‑19 pandemic imposes the biggest restrictions on access to morphological information housed in scientific collections, compromising the progress of scientific research. Even though it is not the first event to impose restrictions on access, it is undoubtedly the most global in range. Based on this, we discuss the barriers to access information and we show 3D technology as an important tool to create routes to mitigate the effects of future restrictions. In a global sphere, there are initiatives of inter-institutional integration and international networks focused on facilitating and disseminate the implementation of digitization tools and techniques to facilitate access to diverse biological information. Notwithstanding, when we speak in 3D technology in Latin American countries, as is well noted in Brazil, this type of progress is lacking, with only isolated initiatives from some laboratories and research centers that implement 3D digitization tools, but often as experimental uses. Moreover, recent events, such as the Museu Naciona fire and the mobility restriction imposed by the COVID‑19 pandemic, reinforce the need and urgency to discuss the virtualization of natural history collections in the national territory. In this sense, we recommend photogrammetry as a more accessible and versatile technology, which could be quickly implemented in curatorial procedures. We, also, have defined criteria to establish priorities for virtualizing the collection. The virtualization of the type specimens is an inevitable and necessary task to ensure their access and expansion of their safe preservation, as established by the ICZN, and should therefore be considered as a high priority, followed by reference specimens, which are frequently accessed. Finally, to ensure Latin America advances to levels similar to those observed in other continents, it is important to establish a collaborative network of museums and other research institutions.
{"title":"Morphology, Pandemic, and 3D","authors":"L. S. Lobo, O. Grillo, S. Azevedo","doi":"10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/2176-7793/2021.52.02","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID‑19 pandemic imposes the biggest restrictions on access to morphological information housed in scientific collections, compromising the progress of scientific research. Even though it is not the first event to impose restrictions on access, it is undoubtedly the most global in range. Based on this, we discuss the barriers to access information and we show 3D technology as an important tool to create routes to mitigate the effects of future restrictions. In a global sphere, there are initiatives of inter-institutional integration and international networks focused on facilitating and disseminate the implementation of digitization tools and techniques to facilitate access to diverse biological information. Notwithstanding, when we speak in 3D technology in Latin American countries, as is well noted in Brazil, this type of progress is lacking, with only isolated initiatives from some laboratories and research centers that implement 3D digitization tools, but often as experimental uses. Moreover, recent events, such as the Museu Naciona fire and the mobility restriction imposed by the COVID‑19 pandemic, reinforce the need and urgency to discuss the virtualization of natural history collections in the national territory. In this sense, we recommend photogrammetry as a more accessible and versatile technology, which could be quickly implemented in curatorial procedures. We, also, have defined criteria to establish priorities for virtualizing the collection. The virtualization of the type specimens is an inevitable and necessary task to ensure their access and expansion of their safe preservation, as established by the ICZN, and should therefore be considered as a high priority, followed by reference specimens, which are frequently accessed. Finally, to ensure Latin America advances to levels similar to those observed in other continents, it is important to establish a collaborative network of museums and other research institutions.","PeriodicalId":274949,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Zoologia","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128452954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-05DOI: 10.11606/2176-7793/2020.51.02
M. D. Santis
The philosophy of Karl Popper was strongly used by the cladists in their battle against evolutionary and numerical taxonomy. It became known as “Systematics Wars” by David Hull. His historical account in Science as a Process, described the outcome of that era that end up with the victory of cladistics. Claiming it as hypothetico-deductivist, and falsificationist, cladists have transformed and distorted Popper, that almost nothing of these ideas survived scrutiny. One of the Hull’s conclusion was that the success of cladistics was largely due to their ability to maintain social cohesion and intellectual orthodoxy during the years of the Systematic Wars. In this paper, I will provide a concise historical development about the appropriation of Popper’s ideas that were used by systematics, both as a defense and as a critic, trying to make clear the interpretations of these authors in relation to Popper and their research program. Using David Hull’s General Theory of Selection Processes, I will argue that these facts were, partially, to a heavy adherence to Popper’s philosophy.
{"title":"Popper as a process: revisiting the appropriation of the Popperian philosophy by the cladists during the “systematics wars”","authors":"M. D. Santis","doi":"10.11606/2176-7793/2020.51.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/2176-7793/2020.51.02","url":null,"abstract":"The philosophy of Karl Popper was strongly used by the cladists in their battle against evolutionary and numerical taxonomy. It became known as “Systematics Wars” by David Hull. His historical account in Science as a Process, described the outcome of that era that end up with the victory of cladistics. Claiming it as hypothetico-deductivist, and falsificationist, cladists have transformed and distorted Popper, that almost nothing of these ideas survived scrutiny. One of the Hull’s conclusion was that the success of cladistics was largely due to their ability to maintain social cohesion and intellectual orthodoxy during the years of the Systematic Wars. In this paper, I will provide a concise historical development about the appropriation of Popper’s ideas that were used by systematics, both as a defense and as a critic, trying to make clear the interpretations of these authors in relation to Popper and their research program. Using David Hull’s General Theory of Selection Processes, I will argue that these facts were, partially, to a heavy adherence to Popper’s philosophy.","PeriodicalId":274949,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Zoologia","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134636709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-05DOI: 10.11606/2176-7793/2020.51.01
R. C. D. Barros
Tardigrades are microscopic animals, commonly referred to as “water bears”, and comprise the phylum Tardigrada. They are found in diverse habitats in terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments worldwide. In this paper, it is presented a brief history of the study of tardigrades in Brazil and an updated species checklist of Brazilian tardigrades. Since the first report in 1913, the number of tardigrades records has increased, reflecting advances in the understanding the diversity of tardigrades in Brazil. A total of 100 species known from Brazil are listed, being 30 in marine and 70 in terrestrial and freshwater environments. The records are concentrated in Southeast (47.1%) and Northeast (41.3%) regions. Despite the advances, further research and sampling of new areas is still needed, besides reanalysis and confirmation of old records. Brazil, with its vast territory, extensive continental shelf and great diversity of biomes, has great potential to expand our knowledge of tardigrades fauna.
{"title":"Tardigrades Research in Brazil: an overview and updated checklist","authors":"R. C. D. Barros","doi":"10.11606/2176-7793/2020.51.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/2176-7793/2020.51.01","url":null,"abstract":"Tardigrades are microscopic animals, commonly referred to as “water bears”, and comprise the phylum Tardigrada. They are found in diverse habitats in terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments worldwide. In this paper, it is presented a brief history of the study of tardigrades in Brazil and an updated species checklist of Brazilian tardigrades. Since the first report in 1913, the number of tardigrades records has increased, reflecting advances in the understanding the diversity of tardigrades in Brazil. A total of 100 species known from Brazil are listed, being 30 in marine and 70 in terrestrial and freshwater environments. The records are concentrated in Southeast (47.1%) and Northeast (41.3%) regions. Despite the advances, further research and sampling of new areas is still needed, besides reanalysis and confirmation of old records. Brazil, with its vast territory, extensive continental shelf and great diversity of biomes, has great potential to expand our knowledge of tardigrades fauna.","PeriodicalId":274949,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Zoologia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130001904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.11606/2176-7793/2019.50.01
E. F. Abreu-Júnior, A. Percequillo
The Atlantic Forest harbors an impressive diversity of nonvolant small mammals. Despite having been the target of many ecological and taxonomical studies in the last decades, this group is still poorly known in several aspects – basic information on intrapopulational morphologic variation and proper diagnoses are lacking for many species, even for common taxa. This is related to the fact that large series of specimens from a single locality are extremely rare in scientific collections. A consistent sampling effort was conducted at Estação Ecológica de Bananal, northeastern São Paulo State, throughout seven field expeditions between 2003 and 2011, under the coordination of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, resulting in extensive series of nonvolant small mammals. We studied in detail the external and cranio-dental morphology of this sample (575 specimens), that we assigned to 31 known species besides one new species to science. Most species belong to order Rodentia (26 species) from the families Cricetidae (22 species) and Echimyidae (four species); the remaining (six species) are marsupials from the order Didelphimorphia, family Didelphidae. This is one of the most diverse assemblages ever recorded in this biome, and includes some of the rarest endemic rodents of the Atlantic Forest, such as Abrawayaomys ruschii, Blarinomys breviceps, Drymoreomys albimaculatus, Phaenomys ferrugineus, Phyllomys kerri and Rhagomys rufescens. This outstanding richness can be explained by the extensive sampling effort performed for a long period of time. Also, the capture success of the third expedition (8.25%) is among the highest rates obtained in the Atlantic Forest and the extensive use of pitfall traps was fundamental for trapping this high number of species. Herein, we provide an annotated list of nonvolant small mammals occurring at Estação Ecológica de Bananal, with comprehensive analyses of morphological variation and detailed diagnoses that will allow their proper identification, and will provide a sound basis for a better comprehension of the geographic variation of these taxa across the biome. We also present a formal description for a new species of Brucepattersonius from the mountain ranges along the Paraíba do Sul valley. For five species of sigmodontine rodents, we investigate the levels of ontogenetic and sexual variation, and while the first is accentuate in all analyzed species the second does not contribute significantly to intrapopulation variation.
大西洋森林里栖息着种类繁多的小型哺乳动物。尽管在过去的几十年里，这个群体已经成为许多生态学和分类学研究的目标，但在几个方面仍然知之甚少-许多物种，甚至是常见的分类群，缺乏关于种群内形态变异的基本信息和适当的诊断。这与来自一个地方的大量标本在科学收藏中极为罕见的事实有关。在圣保罗大学动物博物馆的协调下，在2003年至2011年期间，在圣保罗州东北部的esta o Ecológica de Bananal进行了七次实地考察，结果发现了一系列广泛的非自愿性小型哺乳动物。我们详细研究了这个样本(575个标本)的外部和颅牙形态，我们将其归为31个已知物种，除了一个新物种。大多数种类属于啮齿目(26种)，其中蟋蟀科(22种)和刺螨科(4种);剩下的(6种)是有袋动物，属于有袋动物目，有袋动物科。这是该生物群系中记录的最多样化的组合之一，包括大西洋森林中一些最稀有的特有啮齿动物，如Abrawayaomys ruschii, Blarinomys breviceps, Drymoreomys albimaculatus, Phaenomys ferrugineus, Phyllomys kerri和Rhagomys rufescens。这种突出的丰富性可以用长时间进行的大量采样来解释。此外，第三次探险的捕获成功率(8.25%)是大西洋森林中获得的最高成功率之一，陷阱的广泛使用是捕获如此大量物种的基础。在此，我们提供了一份发生在esta o Ecológica de Bananal的非变异小型哺乳动物的注释清单，并对其形态变异进行了全面的分析和详细的诊断，从而使它们能够正确地识别，并为更好地理解这些分类群在整个生物群系中的地理变异提供了良好的基础。我们还提出了一种新的布鲁帕特球菌的正式描述从山脉沿Paraíba do Sul山谷。对5种西齿齿类动物的个体发生变异和性别变异水平进行了研究，发现个体发生变异在所有被分析物种中都很突出，而性别变异对种群内变异的影响不显著。
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Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.11606/2176-7793/2018.49.02
Dante Martins Teixeira, N. Papavero
Com o retorno de Vasco da Gama em 1499, Portugal buscaria consolidar o recém-descoberto caminho-marítimo para as Índias lançando ao mar uma segunda esquadra comandada por Pedro Álvares Cabral, a qual retornaria ao reino em julho de 1501 após uma atribulada série de eventos bem conhecidos. Logo em seguida, seria articulada uma conexão marítima entre Lisboa e a Índia sob a forma de viagens anuais, a célebre “Carreira da Índia”, que perduraria por quatrocentos anos e envolveria centenas de embarcações. Entretanto, pouquíssimas dessas naus aportariam em nosso litoral, pois a “Carreira da Índia” foi concebida como uma ligação direta quase sem escalas entre Lisboa e o Oriente. Entre os esparsos testemunhos sobre a fauna exótica encontrados nesse universo documental, o do jesuíta Gaspar Afonso é um dos mais interessantes, relatando viagem da nau “São Francisco” em 1596. Ao todo, seriam mencionadas 19 espécies geralmente atribuídas à fauna brasileira, elenco formado por um inseto, três répteis, três aves, cinco peixes e sete mamíferos. Embora não diga respeito ao nosso país, chama a atenção o fato desse religioso ter registrado uma observação de seu confrade Fulgêncio Freire que pode eventualmente constituir uma das primeiras notícias conhecidas até o momento de um antropóide africano.
随着1499年瓦斯科·达·伽马(Vasco da Gama)的回归，葡萄牙试图巩固新发现的通往印度的海上航线，派出了由佩德罗alvares卡布拉尔(Pedro alvares Cabral)指挥的第二个中队，在经历了一系列众所周知的动荡事件后，于1501年7月返回王国。不久之后，里斯本和印度之间就建立了海上联系，这是著名的“印度之旅”，持续了400年，涉及数百艘船。然而，很少有这样的船只能在我们的海岸停靠，因为“卡雷拉达印度”被认为是里斯本和东方之间几乎不间断的直接连接。在这个纪录片宇宙中发现的关于奇异动物的稀少证词中，耶稣会士加斯帕·阿丰索(Gaspar Afonso)的证词是最有趣的，他讲述了1596年“sao Francisco”号船的航行。总共提到了19种通常属于巴西动物群的物种，包括1种昆虫、3种爬行动物、3种鸟类、5种鱼类和7种哺乳动物。虽然这与我们的国家无关，但值得注意的是，这位宗教人士记录了他的同事富尔亨西奥·弗莱雷(fulgencio Freire)的观察，这可能是迄今为止已知的第一个非洲类人的消息之一。
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Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.11606/2176-7793/2018.49.03
Marcos De Vasconcellos Gernet, Carlos Eduardo Belz, C. J. Birckolz, L. Simone, C. Parellada
Frederico Lange de Morretes nasceu em 5 de maio de 1892, no município de Morretes, litoral do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Artista plástico renomado, foi também um importante malacólogo e sua produção científica na área o tornou um referencial para os pesquisadores brasileiros. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é a compilação comentada dos estudos malacológicos produzidos por Lange de Morretes. Ao todo, ele publicou 13 trabalhos científicos na área da malacologia, sendo oito deles relacionados à descrição de 25 novas espécies, dois novos gêneros e três subgêneros. Também escreveu três relatórios técnicos institucionais a respeito de atividades desenvolvidas no Museu Paulista e no Museu Paranaense.
Frederico Lange de Morretes于1892年5月5日出生在巴西parana州的Morretes市。他是一位著名的造型艺术家，也是一位重要的马拉科学家，他在该领域的科学成果使他成为巴西研究人员的参考。这项工作的主要目的是对Lange de Morretes的malacologicas研究进行评论汇编。他在malacology领域发表了13篇科学论文，其中8篇与25新种、2新属和3亚属的描述有关。他还写了三篇关于保利斯塔博物馆和巴拉那博物馆活动的机构技术报告。
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