Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.54103/2612-6672/20513
Agata Lavorio
Today, the natural, social and political effects of the “climate crisis” are intensifying, bringing back the debate on the relationship between non-traditional phenomena, national security and democracy. Indeed, it is widely perceived that the involvement of traditional security actors (the executive branch, the military, government professionals) into non-traditional phenomena, such as climate migrations, can have severe effects on democratic values, as explained by studies on securitization (and its variations) and militarization. Mostly from a perspective of “practical geopolitics”, this article argues that climatization can help build a comprehensive adaptation to climate change effects, avoiding single target emergencies characterized by existential threats and military response, as demonstrated by the evolving case of the United States (where climatization has been recently launched) and Australia (where, in the absence of a political debate on climate security, climate migrations are evidently handled in undemocratic ways).
{"title":"Climatizzazione della sicurezza: il caso delle migrazioni climatiche nelle agende di Stati Uniti e Australia","authors":"Agata Lavorio","doi":"10.54103/2612-6672/20513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2612-6672/20513","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the natural, social and political effects of the “climate crisis” are intensifying, bringing back the debate on the relationship between non-traditional phenomena, national security and democracy. Indeed, it is widely perceived that the involvement of traditional security actors (the executive branch, the military, government professionals) into non-traditional phenomena, such as climate migrations, can have severe effects on democratic values, as explained by studies on securitization (and its variations) and militarization. Mostly from a perspective of “practical geopolitics”, this article argues that climatization can help build a comprehensive adaptation to climate change effects, avoiding single target emergencies characterized by existential threats and military response, as demonstrated by the evolving case of the United States (where climatization has been recently launched) and Australia (where, in the absence of a political debate on climate security, climate migrations are evidently handled in undemocratic ways).","PeriodicalId":275196,"journal":{"name":"Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Società (NAD-DIS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126430991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.54103/2612-6672/20511
S. Dossi
.
．
{"title":"Recensione. Marina Miranda, Ideologia e riforma politica in Cina. Una democratizzazione elusa dagli anni Ottanta in poi, Limena, Libreriauniversitaria.it, 2022","authors":"S. Dossi","doi":"10.54103/2612-6672/20511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2612-6672/20511","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":275196,"journal":{"name":"Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Società (NAD-DIS)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124217734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.54103/2612-6672/20507
M. Minakov
This article offers a conceptual and methodological apparatus for assessing periods of contemporary history. Using this apparatus and empirical data from the development of Eastern European and northern Eurasian countries over the last forty years, the article analyzes the establishment, evolution, and decline of the post-Soviet period. These developmental processes are conceptualized in terms of five categories: democratization, autocratization, marketization, nationalization, and Europeanization. The article concludes that the post-Soviet period and its structural processes have ended, and Europe and Eurasia must undergo the process of remapping their geography and adjusting their regional temporalities.
{"title":"The End of a Great Era: Post-Soviet Transformation in a Historical Perspective","authors":"M. Minakov","doi":"10.54103/2612-6672/20507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2612-6672/20507","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a conceptual and methodological apparatus for assessing periods of contemporary history. Using this apparatus and empirical data from the development of Eastern European and northern Eurasian countries over the last forty years, the article analyzes the establishment, evolution, and decline of the post-Soviet period. These developmental processes are conceptualized in terms of five categories: democratization, autocratization, marketization, nationalization, and Europeanization. The article concludes that the post-Soviet period and its structural processes have ended, and Europe and Eurasia must undergo the process of remapping their geography and adjusting their regional temporalities.","PeriodicalId":275196,"journal":{"name":"Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Società (NAD-DIS)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125636270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.54103/2612-6672/20093
Sara de Simone
Relations between South Sudan and China are not a new phenomenon. However, since 2011 they have been steadily growing in terms of trade and investments, cultural exchanges, development and humanitarian aid. The breakout of the civil war in December 2013 has contributed to this trend. Amidst the disenchantment of traditional Western partners of South Sudan, massive shifts of aid flows from development to humanitarian response, and the flight of foreign capitals scared by the war, not only did China keep its presence in the country, it also took a more active stance by sending its first combat troops ever in the framework of the UN Mission, and engaging in the peace negotiations. What consequences has China’s growing presence had on South Sudan’s capacity of determining its own political agenda? This article argues that it has provided an opportunity of expanding the space for agency of the South Sudanese governing elite to make choices in opposition to the requests of traditional donors. At the same time, since relations with China are bound to pragmatic considerations from both sides, there is evidence that China’s will to partner with the country is only as strong as the potential benefits accruing from this partnership.
{"title":"A Foot in Two Camps? South Sudan’s Relations with China in a Historical Perspective","authors":"Sara de Simone","doi":"10.54103/2612-6672/20093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2612-6672/20093","url":null,"abstract":"Relations between South Sudan and China are not a new phenomenon. However, since 2011 they have been steadily growing in terms of trade and investments, cultural exchanges, development and humanitarian aid. The breakout of the civil war in December 2013 has contributed to this trend. Amidst the disenchantment of traditional Western partners of South Sudan, massive shifts of aid flows from development to humanitarian response, and the flight of foreign capitals scared by the war, not only did China keep its presence in the country, it also took a more active stance by sending its first combat troops ever in the framework of the UN Mission, and engaging in the peace negotiations. What consequences has China’s growing presence had on South Sudan’s capacity of determining its own political agenda? This article argues that it has provided an opportunity of expanding the space for agency of the South Sudanese governing elite to make choices in opposition to the requests of traditional donors. At the same time, since relations with China are bound to pragmatic considerations from both sides, there is evidence that China’s will to partner with the country is only as strong as the potential benefits accruing from this partnership.","PeriodicalId":275196,"journal":{"name":"Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Società (NAD-DIS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115394159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.54103/2612-6672/19996
Márcio Ricardo Staffen
This scientific article analyses the arguments and opinions used by the US Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Brazil about air pollution control and the influence of transnational legal foundations in times of populist governments. For the development of this research, the comparative method was used, operationalized by the operational concept techniques, bibliographic research, and jurisprudential analysis. The product of the succinct comparative analysis performed allows us to classify the decision-making standard in the case of West Virginia v. EPA completely uncharted to foreigner law, while the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality n. 6.148/2019, constantly mentions transnational legal agreements and, in the case of regulatory omission by the Brazilian State, indicates the prevalence of World Health Organization standards.
{"title":"The Impact of Transnational Regulatory Standards regarding the Control of Air Pollution on the Decisions of the US Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Brazil in a Time of Populism","authors":"Márcio Ricardo Staffen","doi":"10.54103/2612-6672/19996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2612-6672/19996","url":null,"abstract":"This scientific article analyses the arguments and opinions used by the US Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Brazil about air pollution control and the influence of transnational legal foundations in times of populist governments. For the development of this research, the comparative method was used, operationalized by the operational concept techniques, bibliographic research, and jurisprudential analysis. The product of the succinct comparative analysis performed allows us to classify the decision-making standard in the case of West Virginia v. EPA completely uncharted to foreigner law, while the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality n. 6.148/2019, constantly mentions transnational legal agreements and, in the case of regulatory omission by the Brazilian State, indicates the prevalence of World Health Organization standards.","PeriodicalId":275196,"journal":{"name":"Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Società (NAD-DIS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115950397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.54103/2612-6672/19960
Iuliia Iashchenko
This article outlines the radical transformation of educational policies in Russia since 2020, displaying the timing of the individual stages of the rooting of state propaganda in schools, the militarization of school education, and the spread of neo-nationalist ideology among schoolchildren aged 6 to 19. This paper aims to raise awareness of the extreme instrumentalization of historical narratives for state propaganda goals in national education. It also intends to illustrate the extent of the militarization of education and the destructive nature of any propaganda during one’s upbringing. Emphasis will be given to the actions made by the Russian government to develop the whole complex of state-build patriotism, which is about militarization, neo-nationalistic propaganda and rewritten history.
{"title":"Nationalistic Propaganda as a Strategy for Patriotic Upbringing in Russian Education","authors":"Iuliia Iashchenko","doi":"10.54103/2612-6672/19960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2612-6672/19960","url":null,"abstract":"This article outlines the radical transformation of educational policies in Russia since 2020, displaying the timing of the individual stages of the rooting of state propaganda in schools, the militarization of school education, and the spread of neo-nationalist ideology among schoolchildren aged 6 to 19. This paper aims to raise awareness of the extreme instrumentalization of historical narratives for state propaganda goals in national education. It also intends to illustrate the extent of the militarization of education and the destructive nature of any propaganda during one’s upbringing. Emphasis will be given to the actions made by the Russian government to develop the whole complex of state-build patriotism, which is about militarization, neo-nationalistic propaganda and rewritten history.","PeriodicalId":275196,"journal":{"name":"Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Società (NAD-DIS)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123170598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.54103/2612-6672/19958
E. Giunchi, Mir Ahmad Joyenda
After the return to power of the Taliban in August 2021, many analysts wondered if the new Islamic emirate would be different from the one that had controlled much of the country between 1996-2001. The treatment of women since then, which has received extensive coverage, seems to indicate that their ideological stand has not changed. But there is one aspect that has been overlooked and that would help us answer that question: the policies towards the Shi‘a minority. In the paper we will summarize the status of Afghan Shi‘as through the decades and assess whether it has changed over the course of two periods of Taleban rule
{"title":"Gli sciiti afghani e il secondo emirato islamico","authors":"E. Giunchi, Mir Ahmad Joyenda","doi":"10.54103/2612-6672/19958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2612-6672/19958","url":null,"abstract":"After the return to power of the Taliban in August 2021, many analysts wondered if the new Islamic emirate would be different from the one that had controlled much of the country between 1996-2001. The treatment of women since then, which has received extensive coverage, seems to indicate that their ideological stand has not changed. But there is one aspect that has been overlooked and that would help us answer that question: the policies towards the Shi‘a minority. In the paper we will summarize the status of Afghan Shi‘as through the decades and assess whether it has changed over the course of two periods of Taleban rule","PeriodicalId":275196,"journal":{"name":"Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Società (NAD-DIS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132079001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.54103/2612-6672/19469
Arushi Singh
Lake Chad in the Sahel region has emerged as the epicenter of the widening conflict that is, in part, attributed to climate change-induced factors along with natural resource instability and intra-state pressures exacerbated by exploitative past colonial policies. The resulting environment-conflict nexus has given rise to violence, state fragility, communal breakdown, displacement of the local population, the proliferation of violent non-state actors, and a vicious cycle of poverty in countries surrounding Lake Chad. These factors, in turn, have made the individuation, establishing, and sustaining of institutions, and aid mechanisms to alleviate climate-change-related hardships extremely difficult. Furthermore, the environment-conflict nexus has disrupted inter- and intra-state migration patterns in Lake Chad, thereby adversely affecting agricultural yields and water resources. Additionally, there is a limited political representation and inadequate access to governmental services in the worst affected regions, which negatively accrue several contributing factors of the environment-conflict nexus.
{"title":"Environment-Conflict Nexus in the Sahel Region: Lake Chad as a Case in Point","authors":"Arushi Singh","doi":"10.54103/2612-6672/19469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2612-6672/19469","url":null,"abstract":"Lake Chad in the Sahel region has emerged as the epicenter of the widening conflict that is, in part, attributed to climate change-induced factors along with natural resource instability and intra-state pressures exacerbated by exploitative past colonial policies. The resulting environment-conflict nexus has given rise to violence, state fragility, communal breakdown, displacement of the local population, the proliferation of violent non-state actors, and a vicious cycle of poverty in countries surrounding Lake Chad. These factors, in turn, have made the individuation, establishing, and sustaining of institutions, and aid mechanisms to alleviate climate-change-related hardships extremely difficult. Furthermore, the environment-conflict nexus has disrupted inter- and intra-state migration patterns in Lake Chad, thereby adversely affecting agricultural yields and water resources. Additionally, there is a limited political representation and inadequate access to governmental services in the worst affected regions, which negatively accrue several contributing factors of the environment-conflict nexus. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":275196,"journal":{"name":"Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Società (NAD-DIS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128177850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.54103/2612-6672/19465
L. Corti
The Second Amendment of the American Constitution arguably contains the formulation of the citizen’s right to a private ownership of guns. This amendment, however, has been the protagonist of interpretative battles that have reached the Supreme Court of the United States, and that continue today despite the decision of the Court. The issue of private gun ownership presents itself as a multifaceted interweaving of political, legislative, and social motivations, and is destined to increasingly become one of the factors that highlight the internal fracture of the American society. The essay explores the main elements related to the issue and its socio-political motivations, developments, and consequences.
{"title":"The Battle on the Second Amendment. The Issue of Private Ownership of Guns in the United States","authors":"L. Corti","doi":"10.54103/2612-6672/19465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2612-6672/19465","url":null,"abstract":"The Second Amendment of the American Constitution arguably contains the formulation of the citizen’s right to a private ownership of guns. This amendment, however, has been the protagonist of interpretative battles that have reached the Supreme Court of the United States, and that continue today despite the decision of the Court. The issue of private gun ownership presents itself as a multifaceted interweaving of political, legislative, and social motivations, and is destined to increasingly become one of the factors that highlight the internal fracture of the American society. The essay explores the main elements related to the issue and its socio-political motivations, developments, and consequences.","PeriodicalId":275196,"journal":{"name":"Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Società (NAD-DIS)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130869431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.54103/2612-6672/19468
Marco Zappa
As products of the waves of deregulation and liberalization of trade and investments in the region in the 1980s and mid-1990s, special economic zones (SEZs) have emerged as an important tool of economic governance in East and Southeast Asia. Recently, governments and investors around the region, have favored multi-purpose SEZs conceived for land and real estate development which exhibit several similarities such as eliciting tourism as the main driver of local development and a declared “eco” and “green” configuration. The Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ) in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Van Don SEZ in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) are two illustrative cases of urban policy diffusion as a complex phenomenon combining the ROK’s increased international activism and SRV’s own institutional structure and preferences in terms of development goals. Based on a close reading of reports, official documents, qualitative interviews and site visits, this article will further contribute to the debate on the complexity of urban policy diffusion in contemporary East and Southeast Asia.
{"title":"“Greening” Speculative Urbanism? Space Politics and Model Circulation in South Korea and Vietnam’s Special Economic Zones","authors":"Marco Zappa","doi":"10.54103/2612-6672/19468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2612-6672/19468","url":null,"abstract":"As products of the waves of deregulation and liberalization of trade and investments in the region in the 1980s and mid-1990s, special economic zones (SEZs) have emerged as an important tool of economic governance in East and Southeast Asia. Recently, governments and investors around the region, have favored multi-purpose SEZs conceived for land and real estate development which exhibit several similarities such as eliciting tourism as the main driver of local development and a declared “eco” and “green” configuration. The Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ) in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Van Don SEZ in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) are two illustrative cases of urban policy diffusion as a complex phenomenon combining the ROK’s increased international activism and SRV’s own institutional structure and preferences in terms of development goals. Based on a close reading of reports, official documents, qualitative interviews and site visits, this article will further contribute to the debate on the complexity of urban policy diffusion in contemporary East and Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":275196,"journal":{"name":"Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Società (NAD-DIS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133074381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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