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Proceedings of 2013 10th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology (IBCAST)最新文献

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Wide dynamic range automatic gain control using feed forward and backward technique 采用前馈和后向技术实现宽动态范围自动增益控制
F. Mughal, F. Sultan, M. Imran
This papers deals with implementation of software algorithm of an AGC technique having wide dynamic control range in burst communication. The proposed AGC mechanism consists of a microcontroller with built in ADC, pre & post attenuators, VGA and a RMS detector. Typically, RMS detectors are available with limited dynamic control range of 50-55 dB i.e., either from -10 to -60dBm or -30 to -80dBm. In this work, the dynamic range of such RMS detector has been widened by making an efficient use of pre attenuator. Dynamic range of 80dBis achieved using the proposed technique.
本文研究了突发通信中具有宽动态控制范围的AGC技术的软件算法实现。所提出的AGC机制由内置ADC、前后衰减器、VGA和RMS检测器的微控制器组成。通常,RMS检测器的动态控制范围为50-55 dB,即-10至-60dBm或-30至-80dBm。在这项工作中,通过有效地利用预衰减器,扩大了这种RMS检测器的动态范围。采用所提出的技术实现了80dBis的动态范围。
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引用次数: 0
Multiphase flow modeling using Lattice Boltzmann method 基于点阵玻尔兹曼方法的多相流建模
S. Mushtaq, R. Basit
To model the Multiphase flow along with phase transition process is a challenging task. In the present paper, capability of Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to simulate flow through complex geometries and multiphase flow has been discussed. LBM is an innovative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach based on kinetic models. It describes the physical system as an artificial micro-world of the particles in which the particles simply propagate, collide and interact. To check the validity of LBM, simulations have been performed for two dimensional Poisuelle flow as a test problem and compared with analytical result. Then simulations results for various geometries resembling the porous media, introduced in the flow have also been presented. For the simulation of multiphase flow involving phase transition Shan and Chen model has been used. Periodic boundary conditions have been applied in all directions. Then gravity has been introduced as the driving force. Phase transition occur spontaneously whenever the interaction strength between the particles exceeds its threshold limit. Results have been verified by Laplace law. Finally, it has been concluded that LBM is a simulation method of choice for simulating flow through porous media and multiphase flow.
多相流与相变过程的建模是一项具有挑战性的任务。本文讨论了晶格玻尔兹曼法(Lattice Boltzmann method, LBM)模拟复杂几何流和多相流的能力。LBM是一种基于动力学模型的计算流体动力学(CFD)新方法。它将物理系统描述为粒子的人工微观世界,粒子在其中简单地传播、碰撞和相互作用。为了验证LBM的有效性,将二维泊威尔流作为测试问题进行了模拟,并与分析结果进行了比较。在此基础上,给出了流体中引入的类似多孔介质的各种几何形状的模拟结果。对于涉及相变的多相流的模拟,采用了Shan和Chen模型。周期边界条件在各个方向上都得到了应用。然后引入了重力作为驱动力。当粒子间的相互作用强度超过阈值时,相变就会自发发生。用拉普拉斯定律对结果进行了验证。最后,得出了LBM是模拟多孔介质流动和多相流的理想方法。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated navigation and self alignment using Square Root Unscented Kalman filtering 基于平方根无气味卡尔曼滤波的集成导航和自对准
Saman M. Siddiqui
GPS and INS integration is attracting researchers for decades. Advent of MEMS inertial sensors and low cost GPS receivers extended the use of this technology to airborne /ground vehicle navigation, mining, surveillance and robotics. Complementary characteristics of GPS and INS with Kalman filter can overcome the problem of huge INS drifts, GPS outages, dense urban multipath effects and other individual problems associated with these sensors. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) needs linearized system and measurement models, hence performs Jacobian or Hessian matrix evaluation on each time step. If small angle error assumption does not hold and system nonlinearity and large initial attitude errors are an issue Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is preferred over EKF. Although UKF does not evaluate Jacobian but it has a problem of Cholesky matrix factorization which is an unstable operation and leads towards divergence. Square Root Unscented Filters (SRUKF) solves this particular problem but still cannot work with non Gaussian noises A very few people have utilized Square Root Unscented Kalman filter in navigation application so far. This research explores use of different configuration of UKF like Central Difference UKF (CDUKF) along with SRUKF and SRCDUKF in the presence of large initial attitude errors, GPS outages and increased levels of noise. A Square Root Unscented Particle filter (SRUPF) is tested with ZUPT technique and in flight alignment to overcome non Gaussian noises. All the filters are tested on navigation grade sensors in loosely coupled mode. Trajectories of up to one hour duration are utilized to evaluate performance. CDUKF was found best in computation time and accuracy. This filter is found more stable towards increased level of noise.
几十年来,GPS和INS的整合一直吸引着研究人员。MEMS惯性传感器和低成本GPS接收器的出现将该技术的使用扩展到机载/地面车辆导航,采矿,监视和机器人技术。利用卡尔曼滤波将GPS和INS的互补特性克服了INS的巨大漂移、GPS的中断、密集城市的多径效应等与这些传感器相关的个体问题。扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)需要线性化的系统模型和测量模型,因此在每个时间步上进行雅可比矩阵或Hessian矩阵评估。如果小角度误差假设不成立,并且系统存在非线性和初始姿态误差较大的问题,则Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)优于EKF。虽然UKF不求雅可比矩阵,但它存在乔列斯基矩阵分解的问题,这是一个不稳定的操作,会导致发散。平方根无气味滤波器(SRUKF)解决了这一特殊问题,但仍然不能处理非高斯噪声,迄今为止很少有人在导航应用中使用平方根无气味卡尔曼滤波器。本研究探讨了不同配置的UKF,如中心差分UKF (CDUKF)以及SRUKF和SRCDUKF在存在较大初始姿态误差、GPS中断和噪声水平增加的情况下的使用。利用ZUPT技术和飞行对准技术对平方根无气味粒子滤波器(SRUPF)进行了克服非高斯噪声的测试。所有滤波器都在导航级传感器上进行了松耦合测试。持续时间长达一小时的轨迹被用来评估性能。CDUKF在计算时间和精度上均优于CDUKF。这种滤波器在增大噪声水平时更加稳定。
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引用次数: 8
A deterministic simulation modeling & analysis for the improvement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based on ambient noise sources in underwater acoustic communication channel 基于环境噪声源的水声通信信道信噪比提高的确定性仿真建模与分析
H. Iqbal, S. Shaheen, H. Qazi, J. Iqbal
This paper encompasses the sensitivity of SNR due to ambient noise sources individually using gradient method. The Gradient method has its own significance in the mathematical modeling and the purpose of using this method is of two fold; First, it gives the sensitivity of selected dependent variable with respect to the small and systematic changes in the independent variables separately or compositely in an equation. Second, it helps to determine a way to search for the optimal region or optimal values of the independent variables. Hence, this paper is intended to highlight the optimal region in order to determine a direction for the improvement of SNR in an underwater acoustic communication channel. In this paper, the gradient vectors of SNR have been modeled in MATLAB keeping in consideration the parameters as turbulence, shipping activities, wind and heat involved in underwater acoustic communication channel. The input model of SNR has been kept devoid of probability theory and uses some statistical approximations of underwater acoustic noise. Due to the absence of randomness in the variables of input model of SNR, the model output offers no uncertainties; hence giving a deterministic simulation model of the gradient vectors.
本文采用梯度法分别考虑了环境噪声源对信噪比的影响。梯度法在数学建模中有其独特的意义,使用该方法具有双重目的;首先,它给出了所选因变量相对于一个方程中自变量单独或组合的小而系统的变化的敏感性。其次,它有助于确定寻找自变量的最优区域或最优值的方法。因此,本文旨在突出最优区域,以确定水声通信信道中信噪比提高的方向。本文考虑了水声通信信道中涉及的湍流、船舶活动、风、热等参数,在MATLAB中对信噪比梯度矢量进行建模。信噪比的输入模型去掉了概率论,使用了一些水声噪声的统计近似。由于信噪比输入模型的变量不存在随机性,因此模型输出不存在不确定性;从而给出了梯度矢量的确定性仿真模型。
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引用次数: 1
Hybrid type of broad-band microwave phase shifter using schiffman lines 希夫曼线混合型宽带微波移相器
I. Hussain, A. K. Rashid, H. Ullah
This paper presents a new hybrid type of phase shifter that employs basic Schiffman lines. Compared with conventional coupled line and Schiffman line phase shifters the new hybrid design shows advantage of optimally very small phase shift error of (±5°) over an entire band of 2.85-17.15 GHz (143% bandwidth). To validate the method, a 90° phase shifter is designed and simulated.
本文提出了一种采用基本希夫曼线的新型混合型移相器。与传统的耦合线移相器和希夫曼线移相器相比,新型混合移相器在2.85 ~ 17.15 GHz(143%带宽)的整个频段内的最佳相移误差为(±5°)。为了验证该方法,设计并仿真了一个90°移相器。
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引用次数: 2
Detection of lung tumor in CE CT images by using weighted Support Vector Machines 基于加权支持向量机的CE CT图像肺肿瘤检测
U. Javed, M. Riaz, T. A. Cheema, H. Zafar
Lung tumor detection using Contrast Enhanced (CE) Computed Tomography (CT) images plays a key role in computer aided diagnosis and medical practice. Detection of a lung tumor and accurate segmentation is a very challenging task. One major task is to perform classification between a normal (healthy) lung tissue and abnormal (tumor) tissue. However this distribution of data is nonlinear and training a classifier on this kind of data is a difficult process. Limitation of existing approaches is that they assign equal importance to each input feature; this weight assessment is not true for all problems. In this paper we propose a novel method for assigning optimal weights for the calculated features. This proposed technique is tested on CE CT Lung images. Simulation results and analysis showed that our proposed system has shown better classification accuracy than the conventional SVM.
对比增强(CE)计算机断层扫描(CT)图像检测肺肿瘤在计算机辅助诊断和医疗实践中起着关键作用。肺肿瘤的检测和准确分割是一项非常具有挑战性的任务。一项主要任务是对正常(健康)肺组织和异常(肿瘤)组织进行分类。然而,这种数据的分布是非线性的,在这种数据上训练分类器是一个困难的过程。现有方法的局限性在于它们对每个输入特征分配同等的重要性;这种权重评估并不适用于所有问题。本文提出了一种为计算特征分配最优权重的新方法。该方法在CE CT肺部图像上进行了测试。仿真结果和分析表明,该系统比传统的支持向量机具有更好的分类精度。
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引用次数: 15
MIMO sliding mode controller design using inverse hyperbolic function 利用逆双曲函数设计MIMO滑模控制器
M. Asad, S. Iqbal, A. I. Bhatti
In this work a new reaching law (RL) is proposed that uses inverse hyperbolic function (IHF) instead of the Signum function for switching. The characteristic of this reaching law is that its switching gain is variable, during the reaching phase, which is governed by the parameters of IHF. Its gain decreases with the convergence of system states towards the sliding surface. The variable gain results in: (a) the considerable reduction of the phenomenon of chattering at the control inputs and (b) the decrease of the reaching phase of the sliding mode control (SMC).
本文提出了一种新的趋近律(RL),该趋近律使用逆双曲函数(IHF)代替Signum函数进行切换。该趋近律的特点是其在趋近相位的开关增益是可变的,它受IHF参数的控制。其增益随系统状态向滑动面收敛而减小。可变增益导致:(a)控制输入处的抖振现象显著减少,(b)滑模控制(SMC)的到达相位减少。
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引用次数: 0
Design and analysis of two-dimensional InAlAs/InGaAs Single Hetero-junction Bipolar Transistor 二维InAlAs/InGaAs单异质结双极晶体管的设计与分析
H. Nawaz, M. Rizwan
The paper presents an InAlAs/InGaAs Hetero-junction Bi-polar transistor structure. The structure formation and performance analysis has been carried out using SILVACO software. Parametric analysis is carried out and results are presented in correspondence with the theory. Doping profile of proposed HBT is optimized to achieve appropriate current gain and maintain possibly low resistance in the base region to avoid recombination. Emitter area of 5×5 μm2 is used to achieve low off set voltage and high gain of 62dB while low doping enabled the device to operate effectively at high frequencies that is up-till 80GHz. Energy band diagram and effects of different layers are discussed showing efficient workability of the proposed structure.
本文提出了一种InAlAs/InGaAs异质结双极晶体管结构。利用SILVACO软件进行了结构形成和性能分析。进行了参数分析,得到了与理论相符的结果。所提出的HBT的掺杂谱被优化,以获得适当的电流增益,并在基区保持可能的低电阻,以避免复合。利用5×5 μm2的发射极面积实现了62dB的低关断电压和高增益,而低掺杂使器件能够在高达80GHz的高频下有效工作。讨论了不同层的能带图和影响,表明了该结构的有效可操作性。
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引用次数: 0
Ranging using amplitude comparison of closely spaced time samples 使用距离很近的时间样本的振幅比较测距
N. Ahsan, Z. Haider, S. Sultan
This paper presents a new scheme for the range estimation of an unknown radar emitter. With the proposed algorithm, range of unknown radar emitter can be determined by amplitude comparison of closely spaced time samples. A mathematical model of this ranging method is discussed in detail and supported by computer simulations. For various scenarios, the standard deviation in range estimate has been estimated. For normal incidence, the simulation results indicate that standard deviation in range estimate is only 76m for a 20Km range considering 10dB SNR and observer position error of ±1m. The comparison of proposed method with traditional triangulation method has also been presented. The comparison indicates that for a single platform configuration, the proposed scheme provides more accurate range estimation in a short span of time. Therefore, making it a suitable choice for applications where fast update is required.
本文提出了一种未知雷达辐射源距离估计的新方案。利用该算法,可以通过近间隔时间样本的幅值比较来确定未知雷达辐射源的距离。详细讨论了该测距方法的数学模型,并进行了计算机仿真。对于各种情况,估计了距离估计的标准差。对于正态入射,在考虑10dB信噪比和±1m观测器位置误差的情况下,对20Km距离估计的标准差仅为76m。并将该方法与传统三角剖分方法进行了比较。对比表明,对于单一平台配置,该方案在短时间内提供了更准确的距离估计。因此,对于需要快速更新的应用程序来说,它是一个合适的选择。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative analysis of DSP and intel processors by implementing FFTs using parallel programming for underwater signal processing applications 利用并行编程实现fft在水下信号处理中的应用,对DSP和intel处理器进行了比较分析
U. Hamid, H. Shahzad, M. Irfan
This paper presents Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) benchmark results to measure and compare the performance of various DSP and Intel processors for underwater signal processing applications. This paper aims to show performance enhancement in Intel processors as compared to DSP processors by using parallel programming for implementing signal processing functions in real time. This paper provides results that show a significant decrease in FFT execution time on an Intel based Multicore processor using parallel programming. Therefore comparative analysis among different processor architectures presented in this paper will help the system designers in selecting an optimal processor for underwater signal processing applications.
本文给出了快速傅里叶变换(FFT)基准测试结果,用于测量和比较各种DSP和英特尔处理器在水下信号处理应用中的性能。本文旨在通过使用并行编程实现实时信号处理功能,展示英特尔处理器与DSP处理器相比的性能增强。本文提供的结果显示,使用并行编程在基于Intel的多核处理器上显著减少FFT执行时间。因此,本文所提出的不同处理器架构之间的比较分析将有助于系统设计者为水下信号处理应用选择最佳的处理器。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of 2013 10th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology (IBCAST)
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