Purpose – The paper aims to construct a simple tourism sector development index reacting to crises occurrences. Methodology – Paper is two-folded, theoretical background with literature overview and empirical part based on the DEA method. Instead of using a vast number of different individual indicators measuring countries’ tourism performance, it is more appropriate to use one composite index to depict complex tourism development issues in a particular country. The composite index proposed in this paper TSDI, was developed using DEA encompassing tourism soundness and macroeconomic data. Findings – We are especially interested in index values in the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic crises relatively to the previous and following year. Therefore, the data time series include the annual data of selected truisms soundness factors from 2016 to 2020. The paper has three hypotheses dealing with simple tourism sector development index (TSDI) values during crises and the correlation of this calculated index to The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) and The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). Contribution – The paper may offer some basic policy recommendations for policymakers as it may be applied as a relatively simple tool for professionals to assess future crises or economic shocks implications on the tourism sector. The TDSI proposed in this paper can point at the differences in countries’ responses to crises shock that could be influenced by government policies aimed at tourism sector development. TDSI is, due to its simplicity, a good tool for practitioners to use in monitoring and placing recommendations for improvements.
{"title":"SIMPLE TOURISM SECTOR DEVELOPMENT INDEX: CRISES VALUES","authors":"Đorđe Mitrović, Sabina Taškar Beloglavec","doi":"10.20867/tosee.06.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.32","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The paper aims to construct a simple tourism sector development index reacting to crises occurrences. Methodology – Paper is two-folded, theoretical background with literature overview and empirical part based on the DEA method. Instead of using a vast number of different individual indicators measuring countries’ tourism performance, it is more appropriate to use one composite index to depict complex tourism development issues in a particular country. The composite index proposed in this paper TSDI, was developed using DEA encompassing tourism soundness and macroeconomic data. Findings – We are especially interested in index values in the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic crises relatively to the previous and following year. Therefore, the data time series include the annual data of selected truisms soundness factors from 2016 to 2020. The paper has three hypotheses dealing with simple tourism sector development index (TSDI) values during crises and the correlation of this calculated index to The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) and The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). Contribution – The paper may offer some basic policy recommendations for policymakers as it may be applied as a relatively simple tool for professionals to assess future crises or economic shocks implications on the tourism sector. The TDSI proposed in this paper can point at the differences in countries’ responses to crises shock that could be influenced by government policies aimed at tourism sector development. TDSI is, due to its simplicity, a good tool for practitioners to use in monitoring and placing recommendations for improvements.","PeriodicalId":276966,"journal":{"name":"Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121017928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FOREIGN LANGUAGE ABILITY IN HOSPITALITY BUISNESS","authors":"Alenka Šuljić Petrc, Krešimir Mikinac, Dolores Miškulin","doi":"10.20867/tosee.06.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276966,"journal":{"name":"Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe","volume":"19 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120969531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonia Škravan, L. Bašan, Jelena Kapeš, Ivana Prižmić, Marino Franulović
Purpose – This study focuses on common identity attributes of Croatian island destinations based on pull travel motivators. Its main purpose is to determine the significance of the gaps between the importance and performance of these attributes, as well as to examine their influence on overall satisfaction and destination brand loyalty. Methodology – The survey was conducted in Croatia in 2020, using two interrelated questionnaires designed for two target groups, domestic tourists and Destination Marketing Organization (DMO) managers. A total of 116 valid questionnaires were collected from tourists and 6, from the DMOs of all coastal counties. Importance-performance analysis (IPA) was applied, followed by a paired sample t-test and simple linear regression analysis. Findings – The IPA results show a negative and statistically significant difference between the importance and performance of natural and cultural attributes, making them the key points of future interest for DMO managers. The regression analysis results show a statistically significant and positive influence of all island destination attributes on overall satisfaction, and the significant positive influence of satisfaction on destination brand loyalty. Contribution – The research provides evidence on satisfaction and loyalty concerning the main motivation-based identity attributes of island destinations. The results can help DMO managers to reallocate marketing efforts from low- to high-impact areas to achieve satisfaction and brand loyalty. The findings can also help reinforce the collaborative marketing activities of Croatian island destinations based on common identity attributes.
{"title":"MOTIVATION-BASED IDENTITY OF ISLAND DESTINATIONS AND TOURIST SATISFACTION: THE CASE OF CROATIA","authors":"Antonia Škravan, L. Bašan, Jelena Kapeš, Ivana Prižmić, Marino Franulović","doi":"10.20867/tosee.06.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.50","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – This study focuses on common identity attributes of Croatian island destinations based on pull travel motivators. Its main purpose is to determine the significance of the gaps between the importance and performance of these attributes, as well as to examine their influence on overall satisfaction and destination brand loyalty. Methodology – The survey was conducted in Croatia in 2020, using two interrelated questionnaires designed for two target groups, domestic tourists and Destination Marketing Organization (DMO) managers. A total of 116 valid questionnaires were collected from tourists and 6, from the DMOs of all coastal counties. Importance-performance analysis (IPA) was applied, followed by a paired sample t-test and simple linear regression analysis. Findings – The IPA results show a negative and statistically significant difference between the importance and performance of natural and cultural attributes, making them the key points of future interest for DMO managers. The regression analysis results show a statistically significant and positive influence of all island destination attributes on overall satisfaction, and the significant positive influence of satisfaction on destination brand loyalty. Contribution – The research provides evidence on satisfaction and loyalty concerning the main motivation-based identity attributes of island destinations. The results can help DMO managers to reallocate marketing efforts from low- to high-impact areas to achieve satisfaction and brand loyalty. The findings can also help reinforce the collaborative marketing activities of Croatian island destinations based on common identity attributes.","PeriodicalId":276966,"journal":{"name":"Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121509597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose – Tourism can be an efficient factor of quality and sustainable development especially in the countryside. Nowadays many rural communities are facing agriculture decline and tourism can enable a new concept of economic development. Rural tourism is multifaceted since it can consolidate agriculture, forestry, farming, heritage with numerous and various tourism activities far away from urban center and mass tourism. Forming positive tourism image in such destination is essential. The focal purpose of this paper is to empirically test a concept of rural tourism destination image formation which did not fully commercialize their potential as a tourism destination and to define the relationship between different parameters and the image of rural tourism destination. Methodology – For the purpose of identification the relationship amidst different parameters and rural tourism destination image empirical research has been conducted applying accessible deliberate sample of tourists (600) who had visited rural areas near famous world tourism destination - Dubrovnik, Croatia in a period June 2017 - January 2018. 534 questionnaires were found to be fulfilled correctly and were used in further analysis. Data were analyzed in three steps. First, to detect the sub dimensions of affective and cognitive determinants of image exploratory factor analysis was enforced. Secondly, to test validity of the dimension of the different image components, confirmatory factor analysis was used. Thirdly, structural equation modeling was used to examine which dimension has important influence on the rural tourism destination overall. Findings – The findings suggest several differences among various analyzed image dimensions. The affective dimension of the image has an important aspect in image formation and has significant influence on the rural tourism destination overall image. Contribution – The results of this paper have provided useful strategic direction for the rural tourism destination in order to improve their competitiveness. To upgrade the current image into the marketing strategy, affective image dimension of the rural tourism destination such as experience should be presented in the further marketing communication of the regional and national tourist boards.
{"title":"IMAGE FORMATION IN RURAL TOURISM DESTINATION","authors":"Ivana Pavlić, Ana Portolan, B. Puh","doi":"10.20867/tosee.06.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.38","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – Tourism can be an efficient factor of quality and sustainable development especially in the countryside. Nowadays many rural communities are facing agriculture decline and tourism can enable a new concept of economic development. Rural tourism is multifaceted since it can consolidate agriculture, forestry, farming, heritage with numerous and various tourism activities far away from urban center and mass tourism. Forming positive tourism image in such destination is essential. The focal purpose of this paper is to empirically test a concept of rural tourism destination image formation which did not fully commercialize their potential as a tourism destination and to define the relationship between different parameters and the image of rural tourism destination. Methodology – For the purpose of identification the relationship amidst different parameters and rural tourism destination image empirical research has been conducted applying accessible deliberate sample of tourists (600) who had visited rural areas near famous world tourism destination - Dubrovnik, Croatia in a period June 2017 - January 2018. 534 questionnaires were found to be fulfilled correctly and were used in further analysis. Data were analyzed in three steps. First, to detect the sub dimensions of affective and cognitive determinants of image exploratory factor analysis was enforced. Secondly, to test validity of the dimension of the different image components, confirmatory factor analysis was used. Thirdly, structural equation modeling was used to examine which dimension has important influence on the rural tourism destination overall. Findings – The findings suggest several differences among various analyzed image dimensions. The affective dimension of the image has an important aspect in image formation and has significant influence on the rural tourism destination overall image. Contribution – The results of this paper have provided useful strategic direction for the rural tourism destination in order to improve their competitiveness. To upgrade the current image into the marketing strategy, affective image dimension of the rural tourism destination such as experience should be presented in the further marketing communication of the regional and national tourist boards.","PeriodicalId":276966,"journal":{"name":"Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115142481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose – This paper aims to identify major supply data sources for short-term rental market research and to provide their advantages and limitations. Methodology – In the paper a grounded approach was used based on a literature review. This review comprised two steps with the first being the query in major databases that was supplemented by academic search engine that resulted in 170 articles. The second step was to investigate the papers’ methodological sections to identify characteristics and limitations of all data sources. Findings – This study identifies three major data sources for the short-term rental market: web scraping with the use of self-made bots, Inside Airbnb and Airdna. A majority (e.g. 74% of papers using Airdna as a source) did not mention any limitations and provide no discussion about the data source, while the remainder gave only superfluous information about possible limitations of its use. Their characteristics and limitations are extensively discussed using a proposed framework that consists of three levels: intermediary, web scraping, and source-specific. Contribution – Very limited number of studies have focused on the short-term rental data sources and this is the first one that discusses advantages and limitation of their use. This paper may be of help to academics or professionals in identifying the right source of data to suit their technical knowledge, financial and technical resources and research areas.
{"title":"UNDERSTANDING SHORT-TERM RENTAL DATA SOURCES – A VARIETY OF SECOND-BEST SOLUTIONS","authors":"A. Pawlicz, C. Prentice","doi":"10.20867/tosee.06.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.39","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – This paper aims to identify major supply data sources for short-term rental market research and to provide their advantages and limitations. Methodology – In the paper a grounded approach was used based on a literature review. This review comprised two steps with the first being the query in major databases that was supplemented by academic search engine that resulted in 170 articles. The second step was to investigate the papers’ methodological sections to identify characteristics and limitations of all data sources. Findings – This study identifies three major data sources for the short-term rental market: web scraping with the use of self-made bots, Inside Airbnb and Airdna. A majority (e.g. 74% of papers using Airdna as a source) did not mention any limitations and provide no discussion about the data source, while the remainder gave only superfluous information about possible limitations of its use. Their characteristics and limitations are extensively discussed using a proposed framework that consists of three levels: intermediary, web scraping, and source-specific. Contribution – Very limited number of studies have focused on the short-term rental data sources and this is the first one that discusses advantages and limitation of their use. This paper may be of help to academics or professionals in identifying the right source of data to suit their technical knowledge, financial and technical resources and research areas.","PeriodicalId":276966,"journal":{"name":"Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127891278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose – To improve the employability of tourism and hospitality (T&H) graduates, faculty must continually reassess what soft skills are essential for T&H graduates to possess and amend their curricula to meet these needs. Thus, this study aims to identify the soft skills perceived as essential for the T&H graduates through a systematic literature review (SLR). Methodology – Google Scholar was systematically queried from 1990 to April 2018, resulting in 77 T&H soft skills-related peer-reviewed publications. Four T&H researchers/educators produced an initial pool of 1447 T&H soft skills from these publications, categorized them in either conceptual/creative, leadership or interpersonal dimensions of Sandwith’s (1993) Competency Domain Model and trimmed for relevance. Finally, the elicited key soft skills were further edited via an online survey of 19 T&H researchers/educators from Italy, Malta, Portugal, and Spain. The relevance of generated soft skills was double-verified thought same SLR based process for literature from April 2018 onwards. Findings – A final set of 30 items emerged – 10 items per each of the three soft skills dimensions – i.e. conceptual/creative, leadership, and interpersonal. Based on these findings, both T&H higher education institutions and faculty should evaluate their classes/curricula to determine whether a particular soft skill identified in this study is included as a learning objective of one or more specific classes. Contribution – The main contribution lies in devising a theoretically-and methodologically-based list of key soft skills for a broad range of segments of the T&H industry. From a methodological point of view, the SLR conducted is considered as novelty in T&H soft skills research. Practically, this study provides educators with an updated benchmark tool to identify gaps in the curriculum. The related positive implications are expected for the students and T&H industry as well.
{"title":"TOP 30 SOFT SKILLS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY GRADUATES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"Ljudevit Pranić, Smiljana Pivčević, Daniela Garbin Praničević","doi":"10.20867/tosee.06.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.43","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – To improve the employability of tourism and hospitality (T&H) graduates, faculty must continually reassess what soft skills are essential for T&H graduates to possess and amend their curricula to meet these needs. Thus, this study aims to identify the soft skills perceived as essential for the T&H graduates through a systematic literature review (SLR). Methodology – Google Scholar was systematically queried from 1990 to April 2018, resulting in 77 T&H soft skills-related peer-reviewed publications. Four T&H researchers/educators produced an initial pool of 1447 T&H soft skills from these publications, categorized them in either conceptual/creative, leadership or interpersonal dimensions of Sandwith’s (1993) Competency Domain Model and trimmed for relevance. Finally, the elicited key soft skills were further edited via an online survey of 19 T&H researchers/educators from Italy, Malta, Portugal, and Spain. The relevance of generated soft skills was double-verified thought same SLR based process for literature from April 2018 onwards. Findings – A final set of 30 items emerged – 10 items per each of the three soft skills dimensions – i.e. conceptual/creative, leadership, and interpersonal. Based on these findings, both T&H higher education institutions and faculty should evaluate their classes/curricula to determine whether a particular soft skill identified in this study is included as a learning objective of one or more specific classes. Contribution – The main contribution lies in devising a theoretically-and methodologically-based list of key soft skills for a broad range of segments of the T&H industry. From a methodological point of view, the SLR conducted is considered as novelty in T&H soft skills research. Practically, this study provides educators with an updated benchmark tool to identify gaps in the curriculum. The related positive implications are expected for the students and T&H industry as well.","PeriodicalId":276966,"journal":{"name":"Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116986231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soraia Garcês, Margarida Pocinho, Saúl Neves de Jesus
Purpose – This study aims to explore gastronomy tourists' wellbeing in Madeira Island, Portugal, particularly those who acknowledged this activity as the experience they most enjoyed. Methodology – Data was retrieved in 2019, and it is part of the "Wellbeing Tourists Project" developed in Madeira Island. From a preliminary sample of 475 tourists, 52 considered gastronomy their most enjoyed experience, composing this subset of participants the sample for the current study. Data collection occurred in-person (before the pandemic) and online. Tourists filled the Tourism Wellbeing Scale, which evaluates tourism experiences through positive Psychology variables [wellbeing (positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment), creativity, optimism, and spirituality]. Findings – Tourists from England/UK, Czech Republic and Portugal (mainland) considered gastronomy their top choice. Findings showed that a gastronomy tourist in Madeira is someone who first looks to have fun, acknowledges the experience as unique/original, and enjoys engaging with the local community. Logistic regression showed that the estimated odds ratio favoured an increase of nearly 53% for the Gastronomy experience every one unit increase of the Meaning variable. Contribution – Madeira has a unique cuisine with unique flavours, which can be an essential attraction factor for this destination, but it is considered a complementary product. This study highlights that gastronomy should be considered a potential to promote the Island tourism and that it can also be an essential factor to promote wellbeing and Madeira food heritage.
{"title":"BACK TO BASICS: EXPERIENCING A DESTINATION THROUGH GASTRONOMY - THE CASE OF MADEIRA ISLAND","authors":"Soraia Garcês, Margarida Pocinho, Saúl Neves de Jesus","doi":"10.20867/tosee.06.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.20","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – This study aims to explore gastronomy tourists' wellbeing in Madeira Island, Portugal, particularly those who acknowledged this activity as the experience they most enjoyed. Methodology – Data was retrieved in 2019, and it is part of the \"Wellbeing Tourists Project\" developed in Madeira Island. From a preliminary sample of 475 tourists, 52 considered gastronomy their most enjoyed experience, composing this subset of participants the sample for the current study. Data collection occurred in-person (before the pandemic) and online. Tourists filled the Tourism Wellbeing Scale, which evaluates tourism experiences through positive Psychology variables [wellbeing (positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment), creativity, optimism, and spirituality]. Findings – Tourists from England/UK, Czech Republic and Portugal (mainland) considered gastronomy their top choice. Findings showed that a gastronomy tourist in Madeira is someone who first looks to have fun, acknowledges the experience as unique/original, and enjoys engaging with the local community. Logistic regression showed that the estimated odds ratio favoured an increase of nearly 53% for the Gastronomy experience every one unit increase of the Meaning variable. Contribution – Madeira has a unique cuisine with unique flavours, which can be an essential attraction factor for this destination, but it is considered a complementary product. This study highlights that gastronomy should be considered a potential to promote the Island tourism and that it can also be an essential factor to promote wellbeing and Madeira food heritage.","PeriodicalId":276966,"journal":{"name":"Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121678075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose – Since the Census in 2011, Croatia has seen a substantial population decline. Given the high contribution of tourism to the Croatian economy, this paper empirically analyses the relationship between population migration, namely total net migration and net migration abroad, and tourism activity. Methodology – The research design of this paper is based on quantitative econometric panel data analysis using annual data for cities and municipalities in Croatia between 2002 and 2019. A oneway and two-way fixed effects model are used for the estimation of the regression model coefficients. Findings – The set models provide insight into the relationship between net migration or migration abroad and tourism activity. Tourism can be seen as a generator of demographic change, especially in rural and less developed areas, as it generates employment opportunities and, thus, the opportunity for permanent residency. Contribution – The main contribution of this paper is the novel use of such detailed data at the geographical level that spans over two decades. This generates empirical insights that hold high levels of external validity. A further important aspect of the paper is the analysis of the connection between population migration and tourism activity in the context of Croatia's accession to the European Union and verification of the theoretically grounded expectation that tourism activity as pull factor is positively related to population net migration.
{"title":"DOES TOURISM ACTIVITY AFFECT MIGRATION? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM CROATIA","authors":"N. Ivandić","doi":"10.20867/tosee.06.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.24","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – Since the Census in 2011, Croatia has seen a substantial population decline. Given the high contribution of tourism to the Croatian economy, this paper empirically analyses the relationship between population migration, namely total net migration and net migration abroad, and tourism activity. Methodology – The research design of this paper is based on quantitative econometric panel data analysis using annual data for cities and municipalities in Croatia between 2002 and 2019. A oneway and two-way fixed effects model are used for the estimation of the regression model coefficients. Findings – The set models provide insight into the relationship between net migration or migration abroad and tourism activity. Tourism can be seen as a generator of demographic change, especially in rural and less developed areas, as it generates employment opportunities and, thus, the opportunity for permanent residency. Contribution – The main contribution of this paper is the novel use of such detailed data at the geographical level that spans over two decades. This generates empirical insights that hold high levels of external validity. A further important aspect of the paper is the analysis of the connection between population migration and tourism activity in the context of Croatia's accession to the European Union and verification of the theoretically grounded expectation that tourism activity as pull factor is positively related to population net migration.","PeriodicalId":276966,"journal":{"name":"Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130446037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose – Hosting conferences has always been of crucial importance for the development of the pre and post-seasons of some destinations in Croatia. Considering that students are becoming the most frequent conference participants, the authors recognized the need to measure their memorable conference experience (MCE). Methodology – To this aim, a questionnaire was created, based on the relevant scientific literature, and distributed online and onsite. Research was conducted among 108 students of the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija. Findings – This research examines key factors in creating MCEs for students, who could recall their previous memorable conference experience. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed first, followed by the hierarchical clustering method and regression analysis to determine significant clusters among participants and their influence on behavioural intention. The results indicate that affectively loyal participants are more likely to show their behavioural intention, in comparison with affectively non-loyal participants. Contribution – The findings suggest essential implications for the tourism experience theory and for future conference organizing committeeswell.
{"title":"MEASURING STUDENTS' MEMORABLE CONFERENCE EXPERIENCE AND BEHAVIOURAL INTENTIONS","authors":"Dora Rašan, Marina Laškarin Ažić","doi":"10.20867/tosee.06.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.44","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – Hosting conferences has always been of crucial importance for the development of the pre and post-seasons of some destinations in Croatia. Considering that students are becoming the most frequent conference participants, the authors recognized the need to measure their memorable conference experience (MCE). Methodology – To this aim, a questionnaire was created, based on the relevant scientific literature, and distributed online and onsite. Research was conducted among 108 students of the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija. Findings – This research examines key factors in creating MCEs for students, who could recall their previous memorable conference experience. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed first, followed by the hierarchical clustering method and regression analysis to determine significant clusters among participants and their influence on behavioural intention. The results indicate that affectively loyal participants are more likely to show their behavioural intention, in comparison with affectively non-loyal participants. Contribution – The findings suggest essential implications for the tourism experience theory and for future conference organizing committeeswell.","PeriodicalId":276966,"journal":{"name":"Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132913474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tihana Cegur Radović, D. Lončarić, Josipa Cvelić Bonifačić
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of different dimensions of the camping tourism experience on satisfaction and loyalty. To achieve the purpose of this research, it was necessary to adjust and validate the measurement scale of the tourism experience in campsites. Furthermore, the goal was to investigate the relationship between camping tourists’ satisfaction and their loyalty to the camp. Methodology – An analysis of the recent literature on the topic of tourism experience and camping tourism was performed. Empirical research was conducted on a convenience sample of 143 visitors to campsites. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were used in the data analysis. Reliability analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied. Hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis. Data analysis was performed using the software package IBM SPSS Statistic Version 26. Findings – The results of empirical research show that of the four extracted dimensions of the camping tourism experience, three have a positive and significant impact on tourist satisfaction and loyalty. These are education, escapism and aesthetics, while entertainment has no significant impact. Contribution – This research represents a starting point for further research about the camping tourism experience. The scale for measuring the camping tourism experience was validated and can be used in further research. Also, the results can help managers to develop marketing strategies and tactics, as the determinants of the tourism experience of camping tourists have been established.
目的-本文的目的是确定露营旅游体验的不同维度对满意度和忠诚度的影响。为了达到本研究的目的，有必要对露营地旅游体验的测量量表进行调整和验证。此外，本研究的目的是探讨露营游客满意度与营地忠诚度之间的关系。方法论-对最近关于旅游体验和露营旅游主题的文献进行了分析。本文以143名露营地游客为样本进行了实证研究。数据分析采用描述性统计和多元统计。采用信度分析和探索性因子分析。采用多元回归分析对假设进行检验。数据分析采用IBM SPSS Statistic Version 26软件包。实证研究结果表明，在露营旅游体验提取的四个维度中，有三个维度对游客满意度和忠诚度有显著的正向影响。这些是教育，逃避现实和美学，而娱乐没有明显的影响。贡献——本研究为露营旅游体验的进一步研究提供了一个起点。本文所编制的露营旅游体验测量量表得到了验证，可用于进一步的研究。此外，研究结果可以帮助管理者制定营销策略和战术，因为露营游客旅游体验的决定因素已经确立。
{"title":"CAMPING TOURISM EXPERIENCE, SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY FROM CROATIA","authors":"Tihana Cegur Radović, D. Lončarić, Josipa Cvelić Bonifačić","doi":"10.20867/tosee.06.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.54","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of different dimensions of the camping tourism experience on satisfaction and loyalty. To achieve the purpose of this research, it was necessary to adjust and validate the measurement scale of the tourism experience in campsites. Furthermore, the goal was to investigate the relationship between camping tourists’ satisfaction and their loyalty to the camp. Methodology – An analysis of the recent literature on the topic of tourism experience and camping tourism was performed. Empirical research was conducted on a convenience sample of 143 visitors to campsites. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were used in the data analysis. Reliability analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied. Hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis. Data analysis was performed using the software package IBM SPSS Statistic Version 26. Findings – The results of empirical research show that of the four extracted dimensions of the camping tourism experience, three have a positive and significant impact on tourist satisfaction and loyalty. These are education, escapism and aesthetics, while entertainment has no significant impact. Contribution – This research represents a starting point for further research about the camping tourism experience. The scale for measuring the camping tourism experience was validated and can be used in further research. Also, the results can help managers to develop marketing strategies and tactics, as the determinants of the tourism experience of camping tourists have been established.","PeriodicalId":276966,"journal":{"name":"Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121475574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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