Det hevdes ofte at modernismen startet i Norden. Sikkert er det i alle fall at et stort antall europeiske forfattere resiperte Det moderne gjennombruddets litteratur. For R.M. Rilke (1875-1926) var det J. P. Jacobsen (1847-1885) som ble saerlig viktig; han ble en kultforfatter og et eksotisk opphav til en ny mate a se og skrive pa – ikke bare for Rilke. Imidlertid er J. P. Jacobsen en problematisk skikkelse i denne sammenhengen: Han var, ved siden av a vaere en fantastisk stilist og lydhor sprakmagiker, en anerkjent naturforsker, ateist, og den som oversatte Darwins skrifter til dansk. Men han ville heller ikke uten videre vaere en av Det moderne Gjennembruds Maend , som Brandes skulle kalle sine portretter av samtidens moderne forfattere i 1883. I tysk resepsjon er det saerlig stilisten Jacobsen, og i mindre grad darwinisten og Gjennombruddets forfatter som trer frem. Konferansebidraget dreide seg om to av de viktigste livsomradene moderniteten forsoker a resituere – kvinnens og troens plass. De behandles hos begge forfattere, som hver pa sin mate tenker om disse sentrale temaene i fremtidskategorier.
人们常说现代主义起源于北欧地区。无论如何，可以肯定的是，许多欧洲作家都对现代突破文学产生了影响。对于里尔克（R.M. Rilke，1875-1926 年）来说，雅各布森（J. P. Jacobsen，1847-1885 年）尤为重要；他不仅成为里尔克崇拜的作家，而且成为新的观察和写作方式的异国源泉。然而，J.P. Jacobsen 在这方面是一个有问题的人物：他不仅是一位奇妙的文体家和铿锵有力的语言魔术师，还是一位公认的自然科学家、无神论者，并将达尔文的著作翻译成丹麦文。但他并不容易成为 "现代突破的缅德"（Maend of the Modern Breakthrough）之一，1883 年，布兰德斯称他为 "当代现代作家的肖像"。在德国人的心目中，他主要是文体家雅各布森，其次才是达尔文主义者和《突破》的作者。会议发言的中心是现代性试图重新定位的两个最重要的生活领域--妇女的地位和信仰。两位作者都以各自的方式探讨了这些未来范畴中的核心主题。
{"title":"TRANSIT THISTED OG TYSK MODERNISME – J.P. JACOBSEN OG R.M. RILKE","authors":"Christian Janss, Gitte Mose","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.20","url":null,"abstract":"Det hevdes ofte at modernismen startet i Norden. Sikkert er det i alle fall at et stort antall europeiske forfattere resiperte Det moderne gjennombruddets litteratur. For R.M. Rilke (1875-1926) var det J. P. Jacobsen (1847-1885) som ble saerlig viktig; han ble en kultforfatter og et eksotisk opphav til en ny mate a se og skrive pa – ikke bare for Rilke. Imidlertid er J. P. Jacobsen en problematisk skikkelse i denne sammenhengen: Han var, ved siden av a vaere en fantastisk stilist og lydhor sprakmagiker, en anerkjent naturforsker, ateist, og den som oversatte Darwins skrifter til dansk. Men han ville heller ikke uten videre vaere en av Det moderne Gjennembruds Maend , som Brandes skulle kalle sine portretter av samtidens moderne forfattere i 1883. I tysk resepsjon er det saerlig stilisten Jacobsen, og i mindre grad darwinisten og Gjennombruddets forfatter som trer frem. Konferansebidraget dreide seg om to av de viktigste livsomradene moderniteten forsoker a resituere – kvinnens og troens plass. De behandles hos begge forfattere, som hver pa sin mate tenker om disse sentrale temaene i fremtidskategorier.","PeriodicalId":277121,"journal":{"name":"Transit – 'Norden' och 'Europa'","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131189817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although the Danish Golden Age is celebrated as a period of autochthonous genius, the success of a Danish author during the reign of critic Johan Ludvig Heiberg depended on his or her ability to appropriate the literary modes of Europe's geographic center, i.e., France and, above all, Germany, the Goethean notion of Bildung being especially important here. Eager to ingratiate himself to Heiberg, the young Kierkegaard, in his review From the Papers of One Still Living and the second volume of his novel Either/Or , strove to prove himself a proficient critic and practitioner of the Bildungsroman . After Heiberg's dismissive criticism of Either/Or , however, Kierkegaard (as Joakim Garff argues) abandoned the Bildung paradigm. Instead of depicting characters who become integrated with their social milieu like Goethe's Wilhelm Meister and Kierkegaard's own Judge Wilhelm, Kierkegaard now turned his attention to exceptional isolates such as Abraham and Job, who appear in Fear and Trembling and Repetition , respectively. Among these radical outsiders, one might also include Shakespeare's Gloucester (Richard III), who is cited as an example of the Bard's mastery in Fear and Trembling . Kierkegaard's sudden enthusiasm for Shakespeare—which first arose with Fear and Trembling and would persist throughout his pseudonymous authorship—is hardly coincidental; rather, I argue, it was part of a concerted effort to both rebuff Heiberg and to distinguish himself from him, since the professor had written disparagingly about English literature in general and Shakespeare in particular in his On the Significance of Philosophy for the Present Age . Furthermore, I claim that Kierkegaard turned to Britain not merely as a geographic periphery but also, in the case of authors such as Byron, Defoe, Ossian, Percy Shelley, Swift, and Young, as a psychological periphery running counter to the Apollonian concept of Bildung propagated by Heiberg.
尽管丹麦的黄金时代被誉为本土天才的时代，但在评论家约翰·路德维格·海伯格(Johan Ludvig Heiberg)统治时期，丹麦作家的成功取决于他或她是否有能力适应欧洲地理中心的文学模式，即法国，尤其是德国，歌德的“教养”概念在这里尤为重要。年轻的克尔凯郭尔急于讨好海伯格，在他的评论《一个还活着的人的论文》和他的小说《非此即彼》的第二卷中，努力证明自己是一个精通成长小说的批评家和实践者。然而，在海伯格对非此即彼的批判不屑一顾之后，克尔凯郭尔(如乔金姆·加夫所言)放弃了建构范式。克尔凯郭尔不再像歌德笔下的威廉·迈斯特和克尔凯郭尔笔下的威廉法官那样，描写与社会环境融为一体的人物，而是把注意力转向了特殊的孤立人物，比如亚伯拉罕和约伯，他们分别出现在《恐惧与颤抖》和《重复》中。在这些激进的局外人中，可能还包括莎士比亚的格洛斯特(理查三世)，他被引用为莎士比亚在《恐惧与颤抖》中精通的一个例子。克尔凯郭尔对莎士比亚的突然热情——首先是在《恐惧与颤抖》中产生的，并在他的笔名作品中持续存在——绝非巧合;相反，我认为，这是一种共同努力的一部分，既要拒绝海伯格，又要把自己与他区分开来，因为这位教授在他的《论哲学对当代的意义》一书中对英国文学，尤其是莎士比亚，写得不屑一顾。此外，我认为克尔凯郭尔不仅把英国作为地理上的边缘，而且在拜伦、笛福、奥sian、珀西·雪莱、斯威夫特和杨等作家的作品中，把英国作为心理上的边缘，这与海伯格所宣扬的阿波罗主义的“教养”概念背道而驰。
{"title":"“I AM REGARDED AS A KIND OF ENGLISHMAN” – A TRANSLITERARY HISTORY OF KIERKEGAARD","authors":"Troy W. Smith","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.33","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Danish Golden Age is celebrated as a period of autochthonous genius, the success of a Danish author during the reign of critic Johan Ludvig Heiberg depended on his or her ability to appropriate the literary modes of Europe's geographic center, i.e., France and, above all, Germany, the Goethean notion of Bildung being especially important here. Eager to ingratiate himself to Heiberg, the young Kierkegaard, in his review From the Papers of One Still Living and the second volume of his novel Either/Or , strove to prove himself a proficient critic and practitioner of the Bildungsroman . After Heiberg's dismissive criticism of Either/Or , however, Kierkegaard (as Joakim Garff argues) abandoned the Bildung paradigm. Instead of depicting characters who become integrated with their social milieu like Goethe's Wilhelm Meister and Kierkegaard's own Judge Wilhelm, Kierkegaard now turned his attention to exceptional isolates such as Abraham and Job, who appear in Fear and Trembling and Repetition , respectively. Among these radical outsiders, one might also include Shakespeare's Gloucester (Richard III), who is cited as an example of the Bard's mastery in Fear and Trembling . Kierkegaard's sudden enthusiasm for Shakespeare—which first arose with Fear and Trembling and would persist throughout his pseudonymous authorship—is hardly coincidental; rather, I argue, it was part of a concerted effort to both rebuff Heiberg and to distinguish himself from him, since the professor had written disparagingly about English literature in general and Shakespeare in particular in his On the Significance of Philosophy for the Present Age . Furthermore, I claim that Kierkegaard turned to Britain not merely as a geographic periphery but also, in the case of authors such as Byron, Defoe, Ossian, Percy Shelley, Swift, and Young, as a psychological periphery running counter to the Apollonian concept of Bildung propagated by Heiberg.","PeriodicalId":277121,"journal":{"name":"Transit – 'Norden' och 'Europa'","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129468227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution discusses Knut Hamsun's Sult (1890) from a transnational perspective, referring to the history of hunger and the depiction of hunger in French Naturalism. It takes Timothy Wientzen's (2015) argument about the politics of hunger in Sult as the starting point for a critical discussion, and reflects on the relationship between hunger strikes and political collectives. Furthermore, it points to parallels between Sult and Zola's Le ventre de Paris (1873) in the problematization of political organization and, finally, compares the narrative structures of both texts.
{"title":"SULT AND THE TRANSNATIONAL LITERARY HISTORY OF HUNGER","authors":"Frederike Felcht","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.16","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution discusses Knut Hamsun's Sult (1890) from a transnational perspective, referring to the history of hunger and the depiction of hunger in French Naturalism. It takes Timothy Wientzen's (2015) argument about the politics of hunger in Sult as the starting point for a critical discussion, and reflects on the relationship between hunger strikes and political collectives. Furthermore, it points to parallels between Sult and Zola's Le ventre de Paris (1873) in the problematization of political organization and, finally, compares the narrative structures of both texts.","PeriodicalId":277121,"journal":{"name":"Transit – 'Norden' och 'Europa'","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129700552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I min artikel utgar jag fran Monika Fagerholms roman Den amerikanska flickan (2004) samt mottagandet av dess oversattning, The American Girl i O, the Oprah Magazine 2010. Genom att granska de olika rum och platser romanen befattar sig med och i vilka romanen och dess oversattning ror sig, beskriver jag den finlandssvenska litteraturens falt och villkor och staller fragor om eventuella forandringar av minoritetslitteraturens rum och plats under de senaste artionden. Ett av de begrepp jag laborerar med ar entre-deux som Eric Prieto (2013) anvander for att diskutera litteraturens relation till platser som ligger utanfor de etablerade rummen, sasom fororter, ”icke-platser” eller granstrakter. Prieto menar att entre-deux ar av speciell betydelse i den nuvarande senmoderna tidsaldern, praglad av okad mobilitet, utveckling av teknologi och global kapitalism samt att det ar i dessa platser som nya former av rumslighet och identitet skapas. Fagerholms roman inte bara forandrar pa den finlandssvenska romanens traditionella mitt-emellan-position (mellan Sverige och Finland) utan ocksa fornyar den finlandssvenska romanens ”tranga rum”. Den amerikanska flickan signalerar tydligt om sin vilja att aka ut i varlden. Romanens satt att gestalta platser tar avstand fran det nationella rummet samt minoritetslitteraturens identitetsuppratthallande uppgift. Den bygger pa en standig rorelse mellan har och dar, nara och fjarran, Finland och USA. Samtidigt visar mottagandet av romanen i USA hur geografi, plats och dikotomin centrum-periferi sammanstralar for att uppratthalla en kulturens geopolitik: Fagerholms i grunden transnationella verk ”returneras” till sin geografiska och nationella kontext.
{"title":"HÄR OCH DÄR, NÄRA OCH FJÄRRAN – DEN FINLANDSSVENSKA MINORITETSLITTERATURENS MÅNGA RUM I SENMODERNITETEN","authors":"Kristina Malmio","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.6","url":null,"abstract":"I min artikel utgar jag fran Monika Fagerholms roman Den amerikanska flickan (2004) samt mottagandet av dess oversattning, The American Girl i O, the Oprah Magazine 2010. Genom att granska de olika rum och platser romanen befattar sig med och i vilka romanen och dess oversattning ror sig, beskriver jag den finlandssvenska litteraturens falt och villkor och staller fragor om eventuella forandringar av minoritetslitteraturens rum och plats under de senaste artionden. Ett av de begrepp jag laborerar med ar entre-deux som Eric Prieto (2013) anvander for att diskutera litteraturens relation till platser som ligger utanfor de etablerade rummen, sasom fororter, ”icke-platser” eller granstrakter. Prieto menar att entre-deux ar av speciell betydelse i den nuvarande senmoderna tidsaldern, praglad av okad mobilitet, utveckling av teknologi och global kapitalism samt att det ar i dessa platser som nya former av rumslighet och identitet skapas. Fagerholms roman inte bara forandrar pa den finlandssvenska romanens traditionella mitt-emellan-position (mellan Sverige och Finland) utan ocksa fornyar den finlandssvenska romanens ”tranga rum”. Den amerikanska flickan signalerar tydligt om sin vilja att aka ut i varlden. Romanens satt att gestalta platser tar avstand fran det nationella rummet samt minoritetslitteraturens identitetsuppratthallande uppgift. Den bygger pa en standig rorelse mellan har och dar, nara och fjarran, Finland och USA. Samtidigt visar mottagandet av romanen i USA hur geografi, plats och dikotomin centrum-periferi sammanstralar for att uppratthalla en kulturens geopolitik: Fagerholms i grunden transnationella verk ”returneras” till sin geografiska och nationella kontext.","PeriodicalId":277121,"journal":{"name":"Transit – 'Norden' och 'Europa'","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129828656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georg Brandes is mostly known as a literary critic, while there has been much less focus on his comprehensive political writing. Thus, more work needs to be done here, not least because Brandes presents himself in these texts as an intellectual who thinks internationally and unites an ability to defend enlightenment values with a critique of modernity. The analytical focus of the contribution is Brandes' two late monographs Verdenskrigen (1916) (The Great War) and Tragediens anden Del. Fredsslutningen (1919) (Part Two of the Tragedy. The Peace Treaty). In these two books, Brandes reports and reflects on militarism, imperialism, nationalism, free trade and communication across borders. While the young Brandes optimistically regarded the Enlightenment as having advanced humanity, he became much more sceptical in his later years. The First World War and its aftermath proved to him that there was a general lack of interest in rationality, internationalism and freedom. On the one hand, Brandes argued in favour of modernity but, on the other, he was also a sharp critic of modernity's double standards and hypocrisy, which he found on both the winning and the losing sides. Objectively, Brandes observed that the war changed society after 1918. Western societies were deeply internally divided, which manifested not least in the class struggle. Brandes cannot be accused of sympathizing with either Lenin or the Danish labour movement; however, he happily accepted invitations to give educational speeches to the workers. As a citizen, and a liberal regarding financial policy, Brandes was frightened at the thought of Communism spreading to Europe, but defended Russia against international sanctions, which he thought was the incorrect way to respond to Lenin. The contribution considers that Georg Brandes' writings are not devoid of self-contradiction. However, it is argued that he actually manages to speak with two voices without betraying his fundamental belief in the ideal of enlightenment. In his time, he was criticized for his persistent defence of neutrality. However, what is exemplary in Brandes' work as an intellectual is that he managed to criticize all parties who, in different ways, betrayed the ideal of progress. Thus, le citoyen and the free intellectual defeat le bourgeois in Brandes.
{"title":"DEN INTELLEKTUELLE OG POLITISKE GEORG BRANDES","authors":"E. Svendsen","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.30","url":null,"abstract":"Georg Brandes is mostly known as a literary critic, while there has been much less focus on his comprehensive political writing. Thus, more work needs to be done here, not least because Brandes presents himself in these texts as an intellectual who thinks internationally and unites an ability to defend enlightenment values with a critique of modernity. The analytical focus of the contribution is Brandes' two late monographs Verdenskrigen (1916) (The Great War) and Tragediens anden Del. Fredsslutningen (1919) (Part Two of the Tragedy. The Peace Treaty). In these two books, Brandes reports and reflects on militarism, imperialism, nationalism, free trade and communication across borders. While the young Brandes optimistically regarded the Enlightenment as having advanced humanity, he became much more sceptical in his later years. The First World War and its aftermath proved to him that there was a general lack of interest in rationality, internationalism and freedom. On the one hand, Brandes argued in favour of modernity but, on the other, he was also a sharp critic of modernity's double standards and hypocrisy, which he found on both the winning and the losing sides. Objectively, Brandes observed that the war changed society after 1918. Western societies were deeply internally divided, which manifested not least in the class struggle. Brandes cannot be accused of sympathizing with either Lenin or the Danish labour movement; however, he happily accepted invitations to give educational speeches to the workers. As a citizen, and a liberal regarding financial policy, Brandes was frightened at the thought of Communism spreading to Europe, but defended Russia against international sanctions, which he thought was the incorrect way to respond to Lenin. The contribution considers that Georg Brandes' writings are not devoid of self-contradiction. However, it is argued that he actually manages to speak with two voices without betraying his fundamental belief in the ideal of enlightenment. In his time, he was criticized for his persistent defence of neutrality. However, what is exemplary in Brandes' work as an intellectual is that he managed to criticize all parties who, in different ways, betrayed the ideal of progress. Thus, le citoyen and the free intellectual defeat le bourgeois in Brandes.","PeriodicalId":277121,"journal":{"name":"Transit – 'Norden' och 'Europa'","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132961058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What does European modernity look like from the extremely peripheral perspective of Svalbard, a Norwegian High-Arctic archipelago located approximately midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole? This is a questions that informs my reading of two personal narratives describing twentieth-century Svalbard as an emergent form of place, in Eric Prieto's term an entre-deux , that is no longer "outside time" as an uncharted Arctic wilderness, yet still not a location that has become thoroughly subsumed into European modernity. Both are memoirs published in 1955, Svalbard var min verden by the former trapper and hunter Arthur Oxaas (1888-1972), Nord for det ode hav by Liv Balstad (1915-1966), wife of the first post-war Norwegian governor of Svalbard. While Svalbard var min verden is a predominantly nostalgic retrospective of a historical era of hunting and trapping that had come to an with the Second World War, Nord for det ode hav looks forward to a future in which Svalbard has become fully integrated in the modern Norwegian welfare society. However, both narratives share an emphasis on the Heideggerian topic of place-making through building and dwelling, as well as a gendered vision of an Arctic modernity based on the feminine-coded values of family, homemaking and everyday life.
从位于挪威大陆和北极之间的挪威高北极群岛斯瓦尔巴群岛的极端边缘视角来看，欧洲的现代性是什么样子?这个问题启发了我对两篇个人叙述的阅读，这两篇叙述将20世纪的斯瓦尔巴群岛描述为一个新兴的地方，用埃里克·普列托(Eric Prieto)的术语来说是一个entre-deux，它不再是未知的北极荒野的“外部时间”，但仍然不是一个完全融入欧洲现代性的地方。这两本书都是1955年出版的回忆录，《斯瓦尔巴群岛的未来》由前捕兽者和猎人亚瑟·奥克斯(1888-1972)所著，《北方》由战后斯瓦尔巴群岛第一位挪威总督的妻子丽芙·巴尔斯塔德(1915-1966)所著。虽然《斯瓦尔巴群岛》主要是对第二次世界大战结束后狩猎和诱捕的历史时代的怀旧回顾，但Nord for det ode期待斯瓦尔巴群岛完全融入现代挪威福利社会的未来。然而，这两种叙事都强调了海德格尔式的主题，即通过建筑和住宅来营造场所，以及基于女性编码的家庭、家务和日常生活价值观的北极现代性的性别视野。
{"title":"SVALBARD IN AND BEYOND EUROPEAN MODERNITY","authors":"A. Ryall","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.7","url":null,"abstract":"What does European modernity look like from the extremely peripheral perspective of Svalbard, a Norwegian High-Arctic archipelago located approximately midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole? This is a questions that informs my reading of two personal narratives describing twentieth-century Svalbard as an emergent form of place, in Eric Prieto's term an entre-deux , that is no longer \"outside time\" as an uncharted Arctic wilderness, yet still not a location that has become thoroughly subsumed into European modernity. Both are memoirs published in 1955, Svalbard var min verden by the former trapper and hunter Arthur Oxaas (1888-1972), Nord for det ode hav by Liv Balstad (1915-1966), wife of the first post-war Norwegian governor of Svalbard. While Svalbard var min verden is a predominantly nostalgic retrospective of a historical era of hunting and trapping that had come to an with the Second World War, Nord for det ode hav looks forward to a future in which Svalbard has become fully integrated in the modern Norwegian welfare society. However, both narratives share an emphasis on the Heideggerian topic of place-making through building and dwelling, as well as a gendered vision of an Arctic modernity based on the feminine-coded values of family, homemaking and everyday life.","PeriodicalId":277121,"journal":{"name":"Transit – 'Norden' och 'Europa'","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114944602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fifth modern Olympic Games were held in Stockholm in 1912 and therefore count among the first in Olympic history, and the first on Scandinavian soil. It was also the first time that representatives from all five continents took part, only later symbolically recognized at the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920 with the introduction of the five-ringed Olympic flag. From the start of the Olympic Games, until 1948 in London, the competition included painting, sculpture, music, literature and architecture as Olympic events. Sports competitions, which 'offered historically anchored and peaceful forms of contest between national states', according to the Olympic movement's leader, Pierre de Coubertin, would be complemented by international contests involving different arts representing sport. The idea was that artistic representation could reflect and inspire a certain perfection of the sporting idea itself. Examining the culture-historical context, this study provides an analytical-interpretative understanding of the literary element of the Olympic Arts Competitions, regarded as a thematic-typical literary phenomenon. In addition, literary documents about the experience of Olympic participation from the perspective of athletes are also analysed (diaries by Karl Lukk and David Wiman).
第五届现代奥运会于1912年在斯德哥尔摩举行，因此是奥林匹克历史上的第一届奥运会，也是第一次在斯堪的纳维亚举行的奥运会。这也是来自五大洲的代表第一次参加奥运会，直到1920年在安特卫普举行的奥运会上，奥林匹克五环旗的引入才得到象征性的认可。从奥运会开始到1948年伦敦奥运会，比赛项目包括绘画、雕塑、音乐、文学和建筑。奥林匹克运动的领袖皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦(Pierre de Coubertin)认为，体育竞赛“为民族国家之间的竞赛提供了具有历史渊源的和平形式”，将由涉及不同体育艺术的国际竞赛来补充。他们的想法是，艺术表现可以反映和激发体育理念本身的某种完善。本研究从文化历史语境出发，对奥林匹克艺术竞赛这一主题性的典型文学现象的文学元素进行了分析与阐释。此外，还从运动员的角度分析了有关参加奥运会经历的文学文献(Karl Lukk和David Wiman的日记)。
{"title":"LITTERÄRA OCH ANDRA KONSTNÄRLIGA EXEMPEL I INTERNATIONELL OLYMPISK KONTEXT","authors":"Ivars Orehovs","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.26","url":null,"abstract":"The fifth modern Olympic Games were held in Stockholm in 1912 and therefore count among the first in Olympic history, and the first on Scandinavian soil. It was also the first time that representatives from all five continents took part, only later symbolically recognized at the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920 with the introduction of the five-ringed Olympic flag. From the start of the Olympic Games, until 1948 in London, the competition included painting, sculpture, music, literature and architecture as Olympic events. Sports competitions, which 'offered historically anchored and peaceful forms of contest between national states', according to the Olympic movement's leader, Pierre de Coubertin, would be complemented by international contests involving different arts representing sport. The idea was that artistic representation could reflect and inspire a certain perfection of the sporting idea itself. Examining the culture-historical context, this study provides an analytical-interpretative understanding of the literary element of the Olympic Arts Competitions, regarded as a thematic-typical literary phenomenon. In addition, literary documents about the experience of Olympic participation from the perspective of athletes are also analysed (diaries by Karl Lukk and David Wiman).","PeriodicalId":277121,"journal":{"name":"Transit – 'Norden' och 'Europa'","volume":"355 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122800778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globalocalization is a term that reflects a particular tension between the local and the global since the late 19 th century, when Danish author Johan Skjoldborg thematized the migration of smallholders and farmhands from Denmark to the United States (from where some would later return to their country of origin). In both a drama and a travel book from 191l Skjoldborg shows how torn between their Danish roots and the lures of modern America such subjects could be, and how precariously they might navigate the mental Pond between the Scylla and Charybdis of their conflicts. A later edition of the drama, and not least two later popular film adaptations of its text, make evident that the clash between the cultures of its two worlds persists well beyond the second world war. Attraction and repulsion remain in a tug of war, although the balance between the opposing forces, and some attempts at conflict resolution as well, tend to shift in tune with other historical changes within the culture. Regional authenticity, the fairly solid point of departure for Skjoldborg and his ilk of Danish writers when they first envisioned the modern world, becomes increasingly bracketed in the course of the 20 th century; and when writers nowadays attempt to celebrate recent incarnations of this authenticity, on closer inspection their output typically reveals how globally tinged the so-called local has actually become.
{"title":"GLOBALOKALISERING – HINSIDES EUROPA","authors":"Poul Houe","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.18","url":null,"abstract":"Globalocalization is a term that reflects a particular tension between the local and the global since the late 19 th century, when Danish author Johan Skjoldborg thematized the migration of smallholders and farmhands from Denmark to the United States (from where some would later return to their country of origin). In both a drama and a travel book from 191l Skjoldborg shows how torn between their Danish roots and the lures of modern America such subjects could be, and how precariously they might navigate the mental Pond between the Scylla and Charybdis of their conflicts. A later edition of the drama, and not least two later popular film adaptations of its text, make evident that the clash between the cultures of its two worlds persists well beyond the second world war. Attraction and repulsion remain in a tug of war, although the balance between the opposing forces, and some attempts at conflict resolution as well, tend to shift in tune with other historical changes within the culture. Regional authenticity, the fairly solid point of departure for Skjoldborg and his ilk of Danish writers when they first envisioned the modern world, becomes increasingly bracketed in the course of the 20 th century; and when writers nowadays attempt to celebrate recent incarnations of this authenticity, on closer inspection their output typically reveals how globally tinged the so-called local has actually become.","PeriodicalId":277121,"journal":{"name":"Transit – 'Norden' och 'Europa'","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124234852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution examines the representation of place and body in Willem H. Hermans novel Nooit meer slapen (1966) (Beyond Sleep). Special attention is paid to the question of how the protagonist, a young Dutch PhD candidate in geology, makes his way through Norwegian Finnmark, an area he does not know but is eager to explore. At the beginning of his journey, Alfred feels certain about the world's measurability and, consequently, the human capacity to control both the world and humanity's superior position in it. Soon, however, he learns about his body's embeddedness in nature and thus its fragility. Drawing on Maurice Merleau-Ponty's critique of the Cartesian worldview and the subject-object dichotomy, Hermans' novel is read as a critical engagement with unchallenged rationality and enlightenment.
{"title":"KROPP, RUM OCH FRÄMLINGSSKAP I WILLEM FREDERIK HERMANS ROMAN NOOIT MEER SLAPEN (ALDRIG MERA SOVA, 1966)","authors":"Sophie Wennerscheid","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.34","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution examines the representation of place and body in Willem H. Hermans novel Nooit meer slapen (1966) (Beyond Sleep). Special attention is paid to the question of how the protagonist, a young Dutch PhD candidate in geology, makes his way through Norwegian Finnmark, an area he does not know but is eager to explore. At the beginning of his journey, Alfred feels certain about the world's measurability and, consequently, the human capacity to control both the world and humanity's superior position in it. Soon, however, he learns about his body's embeddedness in nature and thus its fragility. Drawing on Maurice Merleau-Ponty's critique of the Cartesian worldview and the subject-object dichotomy, Hermans' novel is read as a critical engagement with unchallenged rationality and enlightenment.","PeriodicalId":277121,"journal":{"name":"Transit – 'Norden' och 'Europa'","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127959199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When we talk about the Danish Literary Canon we tend to focus on literature that has certain aesthetic qualities and a clear impact on the history of our homeland's literature. Scholars discuss and even quarrel about which authors and texts actually meet these criteria. However, there is more to the issue than the impact on literature itself. The acclaimed and cherished canon also leaves its imprint on real life outside academia and takes part in everyday life. This occurs, for example, when images related to the works appear on stamps, or when authors or characters are commemorated in statues or in names given to streets. Here, we are dealing with material culture. This contribution examines H. C. Andersen's two fairy tales, The Little Mermaid and The Ugly Duckling , from an anthropological perspective, as iconic, national symbols, which contributed to and confirmed the self-image of Denmark as a postcard-idyllic country, captured in the motto 'Small is beautiful'. We also attempt to demonstrate how this image, which interacts with other cultural codes might be challenged by counter-stories, that might at the same time nevertheless involuntarily confirm their status as national symbols.
{"title":"SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL – MOD ET ANTROPOLOGISK KANONBEGREP","authors":"Robert Zola-Christensen, Anders Mortensen","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvggx29s.35","url":null,"abstract":"When we talk about the Danish Literary Canon we tend to focus on literature that has certain aesthetic qualities and a clear impact on the history of our homeland's literature. Scholars discuss and even quarrel about which authors and texts actually meet these criteria. However, there is more to the issue than the impact on literature itself. The acclaimed and cherished canon also leaves its imprint on real life outside academia and takes part in everyday life. This occurs, for example, when images related to the works appear on stamps, or when authors or characters are commemorated in statues or in names given to streets. Here, we are dealing with material culture. This contribution examines H. C. Andersen's two fairy tales, The Little Mermaid and The Ugly Duckling , from an anthropological perspective, as iconic, national symbols, which contributed to and confirmed the self-image of Denmark as a postcard-idyllic country, captured in the motto 'Small is beautiful'. We also attempt to demonstrate how this image, which interacts with other cultural codes might be challenged by counter-stories, that might at the same time nevertheless involuntarily confirm their status as national symbols.","PeriodicalId":277121,"journal":{"name":"Transit – 'Norden' och 'Europa'","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128734300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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